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Palygorskite Group

A group of related mineral species

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Edit Palygorskite Group Add Synonym Edit CIF structures Clear Cache

Raite

Poudrette quarry, Mont Saint-Hilaire, La Vallée-du-Richelieu RCM, Montérégie, Québec, Canada

Palygorskite, etc.

Milltown Quarry, Milltown, Ashover, North East Derbyshire District, Derbyshire, England, UK

Raite, etc.

Yubileinaya pegmatite, Karnasurt Mountain, Lovozersky District, Murmansk Oblast, Russia

Raite

Poudrette quarry, Mont Saint-Hilaire, La Vallée-du-Richelieu RCM, Montérégie, Québec, Canada

Palygorskite, etc.

Milltown Quarry, Milltown, Ashover, North East Derbyshire District, Derbyshire, England, UK

Raite, etc.

Yubileinaya pegmatite, Karnasurt Mountain, Lovozersky District, Murmansk Oblast, Russia

Raite

Poudrette quarry, Mont Saint-Hilaire, La Vallée-du-Richelieu RCM, Montérégie, Québec, Canada

Palygorskite, etc.

Milltown Quarry, Milltown, Ashover, North East Derbyshire District, Derbyshire, England, UK

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About Palygorskite GroupHide

Formula:

(M1)(M2)₂(M3)₂(M4)₂(T1)₄(T2)₄O₂₀(OH)₂(H₂O,OH) · Z

M1 = Fe³⁺, ◻, Mn²⁺, Ca, Mg
M2 = Fe³⁺, Mn²⁺, Al, ◻
M3 = Mg, Na, Mn²⁺, Ca, Fe³⁺, ◻
M4 = ◻, Ca, Ti, Mn²⁺
T1 = Si, Al, Ti, Fe³⁺
T2 = Si, Al, Ti, Fe³⁺
Z=nH₂O, Na(H₂O)₆

A group of clay minerals structurally and chemically related to the sepiolite group.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

41568

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:41568:8

Chemistry of Palygorskite GroupHide

Mindat Formula:

(M1)(M2)₂(M3)₂(M4)₂(T1)₄(T2)₄O₂₀(OH)₂(H₂O,OH) · Z

M1 = Fe³⁺, ◻, Mn²⁺, Ca, Mg
M2 = Fe³⁺, Mn²⁺, Al, ◻
M3 = Mg, Na, Mn²⁺, Ca, Fe³⁺, ◻
M4 = ◻, Ca, Ti, Mn²⁺
T1 = Si, Al, Ti, Fe³⁺
T2 = Si, Al, Ti, Fe³⁺
Z=nH₂O, Na(H₂O)₆

Chemical AnalysisHide

Oxide wt%:

	1	2
Na₂O	3.23 %	3.80 %
K₂O	0.78 %	0.31 %
Fe₂O₃	20.63 %	19.77 %
MnO	5.31 %	6.01 %
ZnO	0.81 %	0.71 %
MgO	1.04 %
SiO₂	56.38 %	56.62 %
Al₂O₃	0.47 %	0.60 %
H₂O (calc)	11.35 %	12.18 %
Total:	100 %	100 %

Empirical formulas:

Sample ID	Empirical Formula
3	(Na_1.85K_0.01)_Σ1.86(Fe_2.83Mn_0.08Mg_0.04Ca_0.02Zn_0.02)_Σ2.99(Si_7.96Al_0.03Ti_0.02Σ8.01O₂₀((OH)_2.47F_0.04Cl_0.03)_Σ2.54(OH)₂)_3.90

Sample references:

ID	Type	Locality	Reference	Notes
1	Type Specimen	Tuperssuatsiat Bay, Tunulliarfik Fjord, Ilímaussaq complex, Kujalleq, Greenland	Karup-Møller, S., Petersen, O. V. (1984) Tuperssuatsiaite, a new mineral species from the Ilímaussaq intrusion in South Greenland. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Monatshefte, 1984. 501-512	Fe calculated as Fe3+ Electron-microprobe. Average of seven analyses.
2		North shore, Tunulliarfik Fjord, Ilímaussaq complex, Kujalleq, Greenland	Karup-Møller, S., Petersen, O. V. (1984) Tuperssuatsiaite, a new mineral species from the Ilímaussaq intrusion in South Greenland. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Monatshefte, 1984. 501-512	Electron microprobe, average of the first nine analysis by Karup-Møller.
3		Aris Quarries, Aris, Windhoek Rural, Khomas Region, Namibia	von Knorring, O., Petersen, O. V., Karup-Moeller, S., Leonardsen, E. S., Condliffe, E. (1992) Tuperssuatsiaite, from Aris phonolite, Windhoek, Namibia. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 1992. Stuttgart. 145-152

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Year	Locality	Temp (K)
0019873	Yofortierite	Hawthorne F C, Abdu Y A, Tait K T, Back M E (2013) The crystal structure of yofortierite The Canadian Mineralogist 51 243-251	2013	Poudrette Quarry, Mont St. Hilaire, Quebec, Canada	293
0018919	Windhoekite	Chukanov N V, Britvin S N, Blass G, Belakovskiy D I, Van K V (2012) Windhoekite, Ca2Fe3+3-x(Si8O20)(OH)4*10H2O, a new palygorskite-group mineral from the Aris phonolite, Namibia crystal structure. The structure is missing two oxygens, and the OH positions were not given. European Journal of Mineralogy 24 171-179	2012	Aris phonolite, Namibia	293
0004565	Palygorskite	Post J E, Heaney P J (2008) Synchotron powder X-ray diffraction study of the structure and dehydration behavior of palygorskite American Mineralogist 93 667-675	2008	Lemesurier Island, Alaska	293
0004564	Palygorskite	Post J E, Heaney P J (2008) Synchotron powder X-ray diffraction study of the structure and dehydration behavior of palygorskite American Mineralogist 93 667-675	2008	Yulu River, Korea	293
0004563	Palygorskite	Post J E, Heaney P J (2008) Synchotron powder X-ray diffraction study of the structure and dehydration behavior of palygorskite American Mineralogist 93 667-675	2008	Yulu River, Korea	293
0007075	Palygorskite	Guistetto R, Chiari G (2004) Crystal structure refinement of palygorskite from neutron powder diffraction European Journal of Mineralogy 16 521-532	2004	Lorenzo Pech mine, near Ticul, on the way to Chapab, Chiapas, Mexico	293
0007074	Palygorskite	Guistetto R, Chiari G (2004) Crystal structure refinement of palygorskite from neutron powder diffraction European Journal of Mineralogy 16 521-532	2004	Lorenzo Pech mine, near Ticul, on the way to Chapab, Chiapas, Mexico	293
0006954	Palygorskite	Chiari G, Giustetto R, Ricchiardi G (2003) Crystal structure refinements of palygorskite and Maya Blue from molecular modeling and powder synchrotron diffraction European Journal of Mineralogy 15 21-33	2003		293
0006953	Palygorskite	Chiari G, Giustetto R, Ricchiardi G (2003) Crystal structure refinements of palygorskite and Maya Blue from molecular modeling and powder synchrotron diffraction European Journal of Mineralogy 15 21-33	2003		293
0002916	Tuperssuatsiaite	Camara F, Garvie L A J, Devouard B, Groy T L, Buseck P R (2002) The structure of Mn-tuperssuatsiaite, a palygorskite-related mineral American Mineralogist 87 1458-1463	2002		293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Yofortierite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Hawthorne F C'
'Abdu Y A'
'Tait K T'
'Back M E'
_journal_name_full 'The Canadian Mineralogist'
_journal_volume 51 
_journal_year 2013
_journal_page_first 243
_journal_page_last 251
_publ_section_title
;
 The crystal structure of yofortierite
;
_database_code_amcsd 0019873
_chemical_compound_source 'Poudrette Quarry, Mont St. Hilaire, Quebec, Canada'
_chemical_formula_sum 'Si8 Mn3.1 Mg1.02 Al.01 Ti.02 Fe.22 Zn.11 Ca.18 O29.28 H17.22'
_cell_length_a 14.1686
_cell_length_b 17.8583
_cell_length_c 5.2919
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 105.878
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 1287.907
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      2.407
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'C 1 2/m 1'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '1/2+x,1/2+y,z'
  'x,-y,z'
  '1/2+x,1/2-y,z'
  '-x,y,-z'
  '1/2-x,1/2+y,-z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
  '1/2-x,1/2-y,-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
Si1   0.29667   0.41441   0.02119   1.00000   0.01390
Si2   0.29544   0.33245   0.52172   1.00000   0.01500
Mn1   0.50000   0.50000   0.00000   0.57000   0.01470
Mg1   0.50000   0.50000   0.00000   0.43000   0.01470
Al2   0.50000   0.41128   0.50000   0.00500   0.01710
Ti2   0.50000   0.41128   0.50000   0.01000   0.01710
Fe2   0.50000   0.41128   0.50000   0.11000   0.01710
Mn2   0.50000   0.41128   0.50000   0.63500   0.01710
Zn2   0.50000   0.41128   0.50000   0.05500   0.01710
Mg2   0.50000   0.41128   0.50000   0.01500   0.01710
Ca3   0.50000   0.31362   0.00000   0.09000   0.01830
Mn3   0.50000   0.31362   0.00000   0.63000   0.01830
Mg3   0.50000   0.31362   0.00000   0.28000   0.01830
O1   0.41446   0.40991   0.10740   1.00000   0.01770
O2   0.41240   0.33161   0.60840   1.00000   0.02380
O3   0.25000   0.25000   0.50000   1.00000   0.03160
O4   0.57540   0.50000   0.39660   0.67000   0.02080
Wat4   0.57540   0.50000   0.39660   0.33000   0.02080
O5   0.25720   0.50000   0.00700   1.00000   0.02120
O6   0.25093   0.37121   0.23290   1.00000   0.01900
O7   0.25140   0.37756   0.73340   1.00000   0.02000
Wat8   0.40650   0.23060   0.10330   1.00000   0.05060
Wat9   0.57760   0.00000   0.27600   0.82000   0.16000
Wat10   0.50000   0.12610   0.50000   0.82000   0.08800
H   0.64720   0.50000   0.45600   0.67000   0.07000
loop_
_atom_site_aniso_label
_atom_site_aniso_U_11
_atom_site_aniso_U_22
_atom_site_aniso_U_33
_atom_site_aniso_U_12
_atom_site_aniso_U_13
_atom_site_aniso_U_23
Si1 0.02040 0.01040 0.01200 -0.00120 0.00640 -0.00030
Si2 0.02330 0.01100 0.01120 -0.00150 0.00560 -0.00100
Mn1 0.02090 0.01320 0.01080 0.00000 0.00590 0.00000
Mg1 0.02090 0.01320 0.01080 0.00000 0.00590 0.00000
Al2 0.01940 0.02080 0.01150 0.00000 0.00510 0.00000
Ti2 0.01940 0.02080 0.01150 0.00000 0.00510 0.00000
Fe2 0.01940 0.02080 0.01150 0.00000 0.00510 0.00000
Mn2 0.01940 0.02080 0.01150 0.00000 0.00510 0.00000
Zn2 0.01940 0.02080 0.01150 0.00000 0.00510 0.00000
Mg2 0.01940 0.02080 0.01150 0.00000 0.00510 0.00000
Ca3 0.02290 0.01920 0.01240 0.00000 0.00400 0.00000
Mn3 0.02290 0.01920 0.01240 0.00000 0.00400 0.00000
Mg3 0.02290 0.01920 0.01240 0.00000 0.00400 0.00000
O1 0.02110 0.01600 0.01710 -0.00130 0.00700 -0.00200
O2 0.02580 0.03030 0.01550 0.00510 0.00580 -0.00310
O3 0.05800 0.01340 0.02500 -0.01240 0.01320 -0.00170
O4 0.02520 0.01910 0.01890 0.00000 0.00750 0.00000
Wat4 0.02520 0.01910 0.01890 0.00000 0.00750 0.00000
O5 0.02720 0.01310 0.02360 0.00000 0.00760 0.00000
O6 0.02420 0.01830 0.01550 -0.00030 0.00740 0.00470
O7 0.02630 0.02010 0.01410 -0.00210 0.00660 -0.00530
Wat8 0.05200 0.05200 0.04700 -0.01850 0.01210 0.00450
Wat9 0.12800 0.14500 0.25000 0.00000 0.12200 0.00000
Wat10 0.08900 0.07400 0.08500 0.00000 -0.00300 0.00000

Relationship of Palygorskite Group to other SpeciesHide

Palygorskite Group Members:

Ikorskyite	KMn³⁺(Si₄O₁₀) · 3H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
Palygorskite	◻Al₂Mg₂◻₂Si₈O₂₀(OH)₂(H₂O)₄ · 4H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
Raite	Mn²⁺Mn²⁺₂Na₂(◻_1.75Ti_0.25)Si₈O₂₀(OH)₂(H₂O)₄ · Na(H₂O)₆	Orth. 222 : C222
Tuperssuatsiaite	Fe³⁺Fe³⁺₂(Na◻)◻₂Si₈O₂₀(OH)₂(H₂O)₄ · 2H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
'Unnamed (Na-Ca-Fe-Silicate-Hydrate)'	NaCa(Fe²⁺,Al,Mn)₅[Si₈O₁₉(OH)](OH)₇ · 5H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
Windhoekite	Fe³⁺(Fe³⁺_1.67◻_0.33)Ca₂◻₂Si₈O₂₀(OH)₂(H₂O)₄(OH)₂ · 6H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
Windmountainite	◻Fe³⁺₂Mg₂◻₂Si₈O₂₀(OH)₂(H₂O)₄ · 4H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
Yofortierite	Mn²⁺Mn²⁺₂Mn²⁺₂◻₂Si₈O₂₀(OH)₂(H₂O)₄ · 4H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m

Click on any node to view relationships. Formula-derived relationship network for the group members above. Use Find related species to add formula-neighbour species outside the current group view. Solid links show inferred chemical differences; dashed violet links show same-formula crystallographic differences. Hydration states are not treated as relationship changes. These relationships do not imply any real-world substitution reactions between these species.

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for Palygorskite GroupHide

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https://www.mindat.org/min-41568.html
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References for Palygorskite GroupHide

Reference List:

Guggenheim, Stephen, Krekeler, Mark P.S. (2011) The Structures and Microtextures of the Palygorskite–Sepiolite Group Minerals. In Developments in Clay Science. Elsevier. p.3-32. doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53607-5.00001-3

Suárez, Mercedes, García-Romero, Emilia (2013) Sepiolite–Palygorskite: A Continuous Polysomatic Series. Clays and Clay Minerals, 61 (5) 461-472 doi:10.1346/ccmn.2013.0610505

Localities for Palygorskite GroupHide

Showing 438 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Atlantic Ocean
ⓘ Gulf of Cádiz	[Palygorskite] Martos-Villa +5 other references
Mid-Atlantic Ridge complex ⓘ Pobeda-1 hydrothermal field	[Palygorskite] Gablina et al. (2018)
ⓘ Pobeda-2 hydrothermal field	[Palygorskite] Gablina et al. (2018)

Australia
New South Wales Yancowinna Co. Broken Hill district ⓘ Broken Hill	[Palygorskite] Birch (1999)
Queensland City of Mount Isa Mount Isa ⓘ Mount Isa Mines	[Palygorskite] Sielecki (1988)
ⓘ Enterprise Mine (Deep Copper Mine)	[Palygorskite] Costas Constantinides pers comm
ⓘ Cloncurry Shire	[Palygorskite] Sielecki (1988)
Selwyn District ⓘ Mount Elliott Mine (Mount Elliott Copper Mine)	[Palygorskite] Costas Constantinides collection
South Australia Pastoral Unincorporated Area ⓘ Garford Palygorskite (Jubilee; Steely Industires Ltd)	[Palygorskite] notesmi.altarum.org (n.d.)
Tasmania Central Highlands municipality Tarraleah ⓘ Tungatinah tunnel	[Palygorskite] M Latham Collection
Circular Head municipality Arthur River district Edith Creek ⓘ Edith Creek quarry	[Palygorskite] Bottrill (1989) +1 other reference
Waratah-Wynyard municipality Heazlewood district ⓘ Lord Brassey Mine	[Palygorskite] Bottrill et al. (2002)
Waratah district Waratah-Mt Bischoff ⓘ Mount Bischoff Mine	[Palygorskite] Bottrill +1 other reference
Victoria South Gippsland Shire Waratah Bay ⓘ Digger Island	[Palygorskite]
Western Australia Laverton Shire ⓘ Murrin Murrin Ni-Co Mine (Anaconda Nickel mine)	[Palygorskite] mrdate.usgs.gov (n.d.)
Leonora Shire Linden Goldfield ⓘ Red October Gold Mine	[Palygorskite] Graham (2003)

Austria
Carinthia Sankt Veit an der Glan District Hüttenberg ⓘ Hüttenberger Erzberg	[Palygorskite] Niedermayr et al. (1995)
Spittal an der Drau District Heiligenblut am Großglockner Alter Pocher Inn outcrops ⓘ Margritzen (Mokritzen)	[Palygorskite] Niedermayr et al. (2001)
Villach-Land District ⓘ Bad Bleiberg	[Palygorskite] Niedermayr et al. (1995)
ⓘ Bleiberg-Kreuth	[Palygorskite] A.Pichler (2012)
ⓘ Max Mine	[Palygorskite] Kanaki (1972)
ⓘ Diabase quarry (Jakomini quarry)	[Palygorskite] Brandstätter et al. (2011)
ⓘ Stefanie Mine	[Palygorskite] Martin Rich collection
Nötsch im Gailtal ⓘ Böse Gräben	[Palygorskite] Niedermayr et al. (1995)
Sankt Jakob im Rosental Frauenkogel area Ardeschitzagraben (Ardeschitzengraben) ⓘ Baba	[Palygorskite] - (n.d.)
ⓘ Frauenkogel	[Palygorskite] Niedermayr et al. (1995)
Villach Oswaldiberg ⓘ Oswaldiberg tunnel (A10 Highway tunnel)	[Palygorskite] G.Indra coll.
Völkermarkt District Griffen St. Kollmann Haberberg ⓘ A2 Highway tunnel	[Palygorskite] Niedermayr et al. (1995)
Völkermarkt Trixen Terpetzen ⓘ Modre quarry	[Palygorskite] Niedermayr et al. (1995)
Wolfsberg District Bad Sankt Leonhard im Lavanttal ⓘ Loben	[Palygorskite]
Twimberg ⓘ Marble quarry	[Palygorskite] Niedermayr et al. (1995)
Frantschach-Sankt Gertraud ⓘ Plachgraben (Dörnergraben)	[Palygorskite] G. Niedermayr: Carinthia II 180./100.:247-248 (1990)
Lower Austria Horn District Brunn an der Wild Atzelsdorf ⓘ Marble quarry	[Palygorskite] Pristacz et al. (2011)
Melk District Klein-Pöchlarn Ebersdorf ⓘ Gneiss quarry	[Palygorskite] Neschen (n.d.) +1 other reference
Salzburg Tamsweg District Ramingstein Tschellagraben ⓘ Marble quarry	[Palygorskite] Strasser (1989)
Zell am See District Krimml ⓘ Warnsdorfer Hütte	[Palygorskite] Strasser (1989)
Neukirchen am Großvenediger Seebach lake ⓘ Seekar (Seebachkar)	[Palygorskite] Strasser (1989)
Styria Bruck-Mürzzuschlag District Neuberg an der Mürz Arzbach (Arzbachleiten) ⓘ Magnesite quarry	[Palygorskite] Hackenberg (2003)
Sankt Barbara im Mürztal Veitsch Sattlerkogel ⓘ Magnesite deposit	[Palygorskite] Aufschluss 1972 (SB) +1 other reference
Tragöß-Sankt Katharein Oberdorf (Oberdorf an der Laming) ⓘ Oberdorf magnesite deposit	[Palygorskite] Exel (1993)
ⓘ Kaintaleck Mine (Kaintalegg Mine; Hohenburg deposit)	[Palygorskite] Gerald Gesselbauer (2010)
Leoben District Leoben Galgenberg ⓘ Railway tunnel	[Palygorskite] Hollerer (1999)
Murtal District Hohentauern Sunk ⓘ Magnesite deposit	[Palygorskite] Neschen (n.d.)
Voitsberg District Kainach bei Voitsberg Gallmannsegg ⓘ Lenhardt/Petrasch marble quarry	[Palygorskite] Postl et al. (1988)
Upper Austria Perg District ⓘ Mauthausen	[Palygorskite] Exel (1993) +1 other reference
Vorarlberg Bregenz District Schoppernau ⓘ Schrannen creek	[Palygorskite] Niedermayr et al. (2011)

Brazil
Minas Gerais Poços de Caldas ⓘ Bortolan quarry	[Tuperssuatsiaite] Atencio et al. (2005)
ⓘ Poços de Caldas alkaline complex	[Tuperssuatsiaite] Azzi (2019) +1 other reference
Piauí Nazaré do Piauí ⓘ Calçadinha farm	[Palygorskite] Costa et al. (2016)

Bulgaria
Burgas Province Sozopol Municipality ⓘ Rosen ore field	[Palygorskite]
Pazardzhik Province Panagyurishte Municipality Panagyurishte ⓘ Assarel Mine	[Palygorskite] Petko Popov et al. (2012)
Smolyan Province ⓘ Madan ore field	[Palygorskite] [MinRec 22 p.439]

Canada
British Columbia Golden Mining Division Brisco ⓘ Brisco Barite Mine	[Palygorskite] Smith et al. (1986)
Field ⓘ Monarch Mine	[Palygorskite] Smith et al. (1986)
Radium Hot Springs ⓘ Mount Brussilof mine (Bay Mag Mine)	[Palygorskite] Geological Survey of Canada +2 other references
Liard Mining Division ⓘ Cassiar	[Palygorskite] Smith et al. (1986)
Vancouver Island Nanaimo Mining Division Port McNeill ⓘ Clexewe River Area	[Palygorskite] Jim McKinnon collection
ⓘ Powell River	[Palygorskite] Smith et al. (1986)
Nova Scotia ⓘ Cumberland Co.	[Palygorskite] Tanner (1994)
Greenhill ⓘ Swan Creek	[Palygorskite] Ronnie Van Dommelen collection
Ontario Hastings County Marmora Township ⓘ Marmoraton Mine	[Palygorskite] Maggie Wilson
Québec Estrie Les Sources RCM Val-des-Sources ⓘ Jeffrey Mine	[Palygorskite] 179-181. +3 other references
Montérégie La Vallée-du-Richelieu RCM Mont Saint-Hilaire ⓘ Poudrette quarry (De-Mix quarry; Demix quarry; Uni-Mix quarry; Carrière Mont Saint-Hilaire; MSH)	[Raite, Tuperssuatsiaite, Yofortierite] Grice (1989) +1 other reference
Lajemmerais RCM Varennes & St-Amable ⓘ Saint-Amable sill	[Tuperssuatsiaite, Yofortierite] Horváth et al. (1998)
ⓘ Demix-Varennes quarry	[Raite, Tuperssuatsiaite, Yofortierite] Horváth collection XRD & WDS confirmed
Yukon Whitehorse mining district ⓘ Mt Skukum deposit	[Palygorskite] McDonald et al. (NTS 105 D/3, 6)

Chile
Atacama Copiapó Province Copiapó ⓘ Chañarcillo Mining District	[Palygorskite] American Mineralogist
ⓘ Dolores 1 mine	[Palygorskite] Harvard University specimen

China
Anhui Chuzhou Mingguang City ⓘ Guanshan Mine	[Palygorskite] Changgen Liu and Keqin Cai (1993) +1 other reference
Quanjiao County ⓘ Quanjiao sepiolite deposit	[Palygorskite] Pan Fang et al. (1981) +1 other reference
Gansu Linxia Linxia Co. ⓘ Linxia basin	[Palygorskite] Hong et al. (2007)
Guizhou Bijie Dafang County ⓘ Dafang clay mine	[Palygorskite] Takabumi et al. (2006)
Hong Kong New Territories Sha Tin District Ma On Mountain (Ma On Shan) ⓘ Ma On Shan Mine	[Palygorskite] McQueen et al. (1995)
Hunan Changsha Liuyang City Yonghe ⓘ Yonghe sepiolite mine	[Palygorskite] Wenguang Li (1997)
Inner Mongolia Xilingol League (Xilinguole Prefecture) Erenhot City (Erlianhaote Co.) ⓘ Nuheting U deposit	[Palygorskite] Bonnetti et al. (2015)
Jiangsu Huai'an Xuyi Co. ⓘ Huangnishan clay deposit	[Palygorskite] Tianhu Chen et al. (2002) +1 other reference
ⓘ Yongxiaoshan sepiolite deposit	[Palygorskite] Wenguang Li (1997) +1 other reference
Jiangxi Jingdezhen Leping Co. ⓘ Guniuling sepiolite mine	[Palygorskite] Wenguang Li (1997)
Tibet Nagqu Shuanghu Co. ⓘ Xiao Caka (Xiao Chaka; Nitrate lake) ?	[Palygorskite] Chang Xu (1985)

Cuba
Villa Clara Province Escambray Mountain (Sierra de Escambray) ⓘ La Belleza mine (Picos Blancos y La Belleza)	[Palygorskite] MACIZO METAMÓRFICO ESCAMBRAY. CUBA CENTRAL. CONTROLES Y USOS DE LOS MINERALES NO-METÁLICOS. Humberto Álvarez-Sánchez (1) +2 other references

Czech Republic
Central Bohemian Region Benešov District ⓘ Roudný deposit	[Palygorskite] Zemek +5 other references
ⓘ Kutná Hora District	[Palygorskite] www.mineralienatlas.de (2013)
Žleby ⓘ Markovice quarry	[Palygorskite] Litochleb +4 other references
Příbram District Nový Knín ⓘ Libčice	[Palygorskite] Jiri Sejkora (2009)
Hradec Králové Region Jičín District Železnice Doubravice ⓘ Doubravice quarry	[Palygorskite] Pauliš +3 other references
Karlovy Vary Region Karlovy Vary District ⓘ Jáchymov	[Palygorskite] Hloušek et al. (2002)
Liberec Region Semily District ⓘ Studenec	[Palygorskite] Kunert
Pardubice Region Chrudim District Křižanovice ⓘ Křižanovice deposit	[Palygorskite] Pauliš (2008)
Plzeň Region Klatovy District Dlouhá Ves ⓘ Bohdašice	[Palygorskite] Hofmanovi P. a R.
Hejná ⓘ Radvanka quarry	[Palygorskite] Hofmanovi P. a R.: Mineralizace ...
ⓘ Rabí	[Palygorskite] Černý
Tachov District ⓘ Stříbro	[Palygorskite] Pauliš +1 other reference
South Bohemian Region Strakonice District Doubravice ⓘ Nahošín	[Palygorskite] Litochleb et al. (2009)
Krty-Hradec ⓘ Krty quarries	[Palygorskite] Litochleb (1997)
Nihošovice ⓘ Nihošovice quarry	[Palygorskite] Zikeš et al. (2011)
Tábor District Dolní Hořice ⓘ Pacova Hill quarry	[Palygorskite] www.mineralos.cz (2003)
South Moravian Region Blansko District ⓘ Křtěnov	[Palygorskite] Pelíšek (1979)
Brno-Country District Dolní Kounice ⓘ Dolní Kounice quarry	[Palygorskite] pruvodce.geol.morava.sci.muni.cz (2007)
ⓘ Nedvědice	[Palygorskite] Houzar
Vysočina Region Havlíčkův Brod District Pohled ⓘ Granite quarry	[Palygorskite] Hybler et al. (2016)
Žďár nad Sázavou District Bory ⓘ Dolní Bory	[Palygorskite] Staněk (1991) +4 other references
ⓘ Pegmatite vein Oldřich	[Palygorskite] Staněk (1997)
Rožná ⓘ Rožná deposit	[Palygorskite] - (1993)
ⓘ Rožná I Mine	[Palygorskite] Petr Pauliš

DR Congo
Haut-Katanga Kipushi Territory Kipushi ⓘ Kipushi Mine	[Palygorskite] Deliens (1996)

Ecuador
Azuay Province Camilo Ponce Enríquez Canton ⓘ Gaby-Papa Grande Cu-Au deposit	[Palygorskite] Singer et al. (2008)

Europe
ⓘ Sedmochislenitsi Mine (Sedmocislenici Mine)	[Palygorskite] ATANASSOVA +1 other reference

Finland
Uusimaa Lohja Palmottu Lake ⓘ Palmottu U deposit	[Palygorskite] Pérez del Villar et al. (386)

France
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Savoie Chambéry ⓘ La Table	[Palygorskite] Sorrell (n.d.)
Ile-de-France Val-d'Oise Argenteuil Cormeilles-en-Parisis ⓘ Lambert Quarry	[Palygorskite] Belot (1978)
Occitanie Ariège Foix Luzenac ⓘ Trimouns Talc Mine	[Palygorskite] Descouens et al. (1986) +1 other reference
Lot Figeac Cuzac ⓘ Maraval quarry ?	[Palygorskite] visual identification Michel Treillard
Pyrénées-Orientales Céret Arles-sur-Tech ⓘ Serra de Montner	[Palygorskite] Guitard (2010)
Corsavy ⓘ Batère mines	[Palygorskite] Chevalier et al. (1998)
Montferrer ⓘ Can Pei (Can Pey; Can Peil)	[Palygorskite] Berbain et al. (2005)
Pays de la Loire Maine-et-Loire Angers Ingrandes-le-Fresne-sur-Loire ⓘ Ingrandes quarry	[Palygorskite] Alain Guillet collection

Germany
Bavaria Lower Franconia Haßberge District Maroldsweisach ⓘ Zeilberg Quarry	[Palygorskite] Wittern (2001)
Upper Franconia Wunsiedel im Fichtelgebirge Marktredwitz Ziegelhütte ⓘ Marble quarry	[Palygorskite] Lapis 34 (9)
Wunsiedel Holenbrunn ⓘ Deyerling quarry	[Palygorskite] Lapis 34 (9)
Sinatengrün ⓘ Marble quarry	[Palygorskite] Lapis 34 (9)
Wunsiedel marble quarries ⓘ Ratskalkofen quarry	[Palygorskite] Lapis 34 (9)
Rhineland-Palatinate Bernkastel-Wittlich Wittlich-Land Klausen ⓘ Sterres quarry	[Palygorskite] Marcus Voigt Collection

Greece
Central Macedonia Chalkidiki Polygyros ⓘ Ormylia mine	[Palygorskite] Sideridis et al. (2022)
ⓘ Vavdos mine	[Palygorskite] Sideridis et al. (2022)
Western Macedonia Kozani Kozani ⓘ Velanida quarry	[Palygorskite] Prodromos Nikolaidis Collection

Greenland
Avannaata Maarmorilik ⓘ Black Angel Mine	[Palygorskite] Ted Johnson collection
Kujalleq ⓘ Ilímaussaq complex	[Palygorskite, Tuperssuatsiaite, Yofortierite] Sørensen (2001) +1 other reference
Kangerluarsuk Fjord Head of Kangerluarsuk Lilleelv ⓘ Lilleelv pegmatite	[Tuperssuatsiaite] Knut Edvard Larsen collection # 1107 ( Ex Hans Vidar Ellingsen & Astrid Haugen collection)
ⓘ Mellemelv Stream Valley	[Tuperssuatsiaite] Pekov et al. (2002)
Kuannersuit Plateau (Kvanefjeld) ⓘ Narsaq River pegmatite	[Yofortierite] Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Tunulliarfik Fjord ⓘ North shore	[Tuperssuatsiaite] Karup-Møller et al. (1984)
ⓘ Tuperssuatsiat Bay	[Tuperssuatsiaite] Karup-Møller et al. (1984) +1 other reference

Hungary
Heves County Pétervására District Parádsasvár ⓘ Béke adit	[Palygorskite] 100 mineral localities of Hungary: ... +2 other references
ⓘ Nagy-Lápafő area	[Palygorskite] Sándor et al. (2005)
ⓘ Adit No. 2	[Palygorskite] Sándor et al. (2005)
Recsk ⓘ Recsk Mine (Deep Level)	[Palygorskite] Mecsek-Oko
Veszprém County Ajka District Úrkút Csárda Hill ⓘ Úrkút Mine	[Palygorskite] Szakáll & Jánosi (1996)

Indonesia
Central Kalimantan Province Murung Raya Regency ⓘ Mount Muro gold district	[Palygorskite] Syaban et al. (2024)
West Java Province Garut Regency ⓘ Mekarbakti prospect	[Palygorskite] Imawan et al. (2024)

Iran	[Palygorskite]

Hormozgan Province Qeshm County Qeshm Island ⓘ Namakdan saltdome	[Palygorskite] Filippi et al. (2002)
Sistan and Baluchestan Province Iranshahr County Bazman Volcano ⓘ Chahnaly deposit (Chahnali prospect)	[Palygorskite] Ali Sholeh et al. (2016)

Iraq
Al Anbar Governorate Ar-Rutba District Wadi Al-Hussainiya ⓘ Hussainiyat Fe deposit	[Palygorskite] Al-Bassam et al. (1998)

Israel
Southern District Beersheba Subdistrict Hevel Eilot Regional Council Timna Valley ⓘ Timna Mine	[Palygorskite] Bartura (1974)

Italy
Emilia-Romagna Metropolitan City of Bologna ⓘ Sillaro Valley	[Palygorskite] Emiliani (1994)
Parma Province Varano de' Melegari Montesalso ⓘ I Camilloni	[Palygorskite] Adorni et al. (2010)
Liguria Genoa Ne Reppia ⓘ Gambatesa Mine	[Palygorskite] Gianluca Armellino et al. (2024)
Lombardy Sondrio Province Lanzada ⓘ Bagnada-Ponticelli Mine (ex-Bolognini Mine; ex-Unitalc Mine)	[Palygorskite] Bedognè (2006)
Piedmont Cuneo Province Ormea ⓘ Cantarana	[Palygorskite] Palenzona A. (1984) +1 other reference
Metropolitan City of Turin Settimo Vittone ⓘ Argentera Quarry (Montestrutto Quarry)	[Palygorskite] Piccoli et al. (2007)
Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province Baceno Devero Alp ⓘ Monte Cervandone area	[Palygorskite]
Sardinia Sassari Province ⓘ Gallura	[Palygorskite] Gamboni et al. (2021)
South Sardinia Province Monastir ⓘ Mt Oladri Quarries	[Palygorskite] Conti - Vecchi et al. (1991)
Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol South Tyrol Wipptal (Alta Vall'Isarco) ⓘ Sterzing (Vipiteno)	[Palygorskite] dan weinrich
Trento Province Panchià ⓘ Cornon southern slope	[Palygorskite] Folie K. (Ed.)
Veneto Vicenza Province Cornedo Vicentino Spagnago ⓘ Grolla quarry	[Palygorskite] 50 +2 other references
ⓘ Schio-Valdagno Tunnel (Zovo Tunnel)	[Palygorskite] Boscardin et al. (2000) +2 other references

Japan
Fukuoka Prefecture ⓘ Kanetake-mura	[Palygorskite] Okamoto & Tanaka (1958)
Gifu Prefecture Hida City Kamioka Mine ⓘ Tochibora deposit	[Palygorskite] Hattori et al. (1967)
Iwate Prefecture Kamaishi City ⓘ Kamaishi mine	[Palygorskite] - (n.d.)
Kyoto Prefecture Kameoka City ⓘ Hiedano	[Palygorskite] Masutomi Museum specimen (Kyoto)
ⓘ Sogabe-cho	[Palygorskite] Masutomi Museum specimens
Niigata Prefecture Higashikambara District Aga ⓘ Mikawa mine	[Palygorskite] PXRD by Alfredo Petrov
Okinawa Prefecture ⓘ Nago City	[Palygorskite] National Science Museum
Tochigi Prefecture Utsunomiya City ⓘ Tomii mine	[Palygorskite] - (n.d.)

Kazakhstan
Jambyl Region Moiynkum District ⓘ Kara-Oba W deposit	[Palygorskite] Jermolenko (2002)

Kyrgyzstan
Issyk-Kul Region ⓘ Issyk Kul Lake	[Palygorskite] Terra Nostra 2001/2: 3

Madagascar
Atsimo-Andrefana Betioky District ⓘ Beomby	[Palygorskite] Behier (1960)
Vakinankaratra Antsirabe II District Ibity Sahatany Valley ⓘ ~~Maharitra~~	[Palygorskite] Lacroix (1912)

Mexico
Chihuahua Chínipas Municipality Palmarejo ⓘ Palmarejo Mine	[Palygorskite] Dr. Jeffrey Post
Saucillo Municipality Naica ⓘ Naica Mine	[Palygorskite] Querol +1 other reference
Zacatecas Concepción del Oro Municipality Concepción del Oro ⓘ Refugio Mine	[Palygorskite] Panczner (1987)

Morocco
Fès-Meknès Region Boulemane Province Boulemane Cercle Boulemane Caïdat ⓘ Jbel Rhassoul (Ghassoul) ?	[Palygorskite] MINERALOGICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL ... +5 other references

Namibia
Erongo Region Arandis Constituency Langer Heinrich Mountain ⓘ Langer Heinrich uranium mine	[Palygorskite] Wilde (2023)
ⓘ Tubas deposit	[Palygorskite] deepyellow.com.au (2020)
Khomas Region Windhoek Rural Aris ⓘ Aris Quarries	[Palygorskite, Tuperssuatsiaite, Unnamed (Na-Ca-Fe-Silicate-Hydrate), Windhoekite, Windmountainite, Yofortierite] Chukanov +3 other references
Oshikoto Region Tsumeb ⓘ Tsumeb Mine (Ongopolo Mine)	[Palygorskite] Gebhard (1999)

New Zealand
Tasman Region Pikikiruna Range ⓘ Riwaka Valley	[Palygorskite] Soong (1992) +1 other reference

Niger
Tahoua Tahoua ⓘ Akker Mine	[Palygorskite] 338pp. +3 other references

North Korea
ⓘ Yalu River	[Palygorskite] Post et al. (2008)

Norway
Agder Iveland Ljosland Knipan (Knipane) ⓘ Ljosland 04 (Thortveitittgruva) ?	[Palygorskite] Hansen (1973)
Lindesnes Vigeland ⓘ Rymteland Feldspar Quarry	[Palygorskite] Sverdrup (1959)
Risør Akland ⓘ Moland Industrial Site	[Palygorskite] Nordrum et al. (2003)
Buskerud ⓘ Kongsberg silver mining district	[Palygorskite] Wel (1972)
Nordland ⓘ Fauske	[Palygorskite] - (n.d.)
Rana ⓘ Abandoned quarry	[Palygorskite] New entry by Stuart Mills 10/Nov/02
Oslo Grorud ⓘ Huken Quarry	[Palygorskite] Kvamsdal (1999)
Østfold Sarpsborg Tune ⓘ Sagabekken Fv 114 roadcut	[Palygorskite] Ivan Syversen Collection
Rogaland Eigersund Eigerøya ⓘ Søre Eigerøy ?	[Palygorskite] Nordrum (2011)
Telemark Kragerø Sannidal ⓘ Diopside occurrence	[Palygorskite] Nordrum (2010)
ⓘ Fikkjebakke	[Palygorskite] Evja (2019)
Valberg ⓘ Valberg Quarry	[Palygorskite] Nordrum (2000)
Porsgrunn Brevik ⓘ Dalen-Kjørholt Mine	[Palygorskite] Nordrum (1993)
Skien ⓘ Fossum Iron Mines	[Palygorskite] Larsen (1993)
ⓘ Breigangen Mine	[Palygorskite] Larsen (1993)
Troms og Finnmark Alta Stjernøya Island Lillebukt Alkaline Complex ⓘ Lillebukt Nepheline Mine	[Palygorskite] Salter et al. (1974)
Trøndelag Oppdal ⓘ Fagerhaug	[Palygorskite] Witsø (1995)
Rennebu ⓘ Berkåk Quarry	[Palygorskite] Garmo (2000)
ⓘ Markøya Quarry	[Palygorskite] Nordrum (2010)
Vestfold Larvik Commune Tvedalen Tuften ⓘ A/S Granit Quarry	[Palygorskite] Larsen et al. (2010)
Vestland Gulen ⓘ Austgulen	[Palygorskite] NHM Oslo collection
Ullensvang Nå ⓘ Rv 550 Roadcut	[Palygorskite] Garmo et al. (2017)
Vaksdal ⓘ Bergsdalen	[Palygorskite] Selbekk (1990) +1 other reference

Peru
Arequipa Caravelí Province Acarí District ⓘ Acari Mine	[Palygorskite] Hyrsl et al. (2003)
Ica Ica Province Ica District ⓘ Monte Rosa Mine	[Palygorskite] Extra Lapis - English No. 10 Opal

Poland
Lesser Poland Voivodeship Chrzanów County Gmina Alwernia ⓘ Poręba-Żegoty	[Palygorskite] Pusch (1833)
ⓘ Regulice quarry	[Palygorskite] Eligiusz Szełęg private collection
Kraków County Gmina Krzeszowice ⓘ Rudno	[Palygorskite] Eligiusz Szełęg collection
Lower Silesian Voivodeship Kamienna Góra County Gmina Kamienna Góra ⓘ Czarnów ?	[Palygorskite] Lis et al. (1986)
Rędziny ⓘ Dolomitic marble quarry	[Palygorskite] Domań +2 other references
Świdnica County Gmina Strzegom Strzegom ⓘ Grabina I quarry	[Palygorskite] Praszkier et al. (2010)

Portugal
Viseu Mortágua Mortágua， Vale de Remígio， Cortegaça e Almaça ⓘ Mortágua sedimentary basin	[Palygorskite] C. S. Figueredo Gomes - Ocorrência de paligorskite na Gandra (Mortágua)

Qatar
Dam Formation ⓘ Al-Nakhsh Member	[Palygorskite] DILL et al. (2005)

Romania
Caraş-Severin County ⓘ Ocna de Fier	[Palygorskite] minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu (2008)
ⓘ Terezia Mine	[Palygorskite] Szakáll (2002)
Cluj County Moldovenești ⓘ Zeolite occurrence	[Palygorskite] Bielz (1889)
Harghita County Sântimbru ⓘ Sântimbru-Băi	[Palygorskite] Ed.:Szakáll S.-Kristály ...

Russia
Chelyabinsk Oblast Agapovsky District ⓘ Sakharinskoye Ni deposit (Sakharinsky Mine)	[Palygorskite] Talovina et al. (2008)
Magnitogorsk Sakhara District (Sakharinskii) Sakhara massif ⓘ Sakhara Nickel mine	[Palygorskite] Talovina et al. (2008)
Verkhny Ufaley Ufaley District (Ufalei District) ⓘ Novocheremshanskiy Nickel Mine	[Palygorskite] Talovina et al. (2008) +2 other references
ⓘ Sinar Nickel Mine	[Palygorskite] Talovina et al. (2008)
ⓘ Moscow	[Palygorskite] Пекин (2010) +1 other reference
ⓘ Brateyevo	[Palygorskite] Пекин (2010) +1 other reference
ⓘ Metro shafts	[Palygorskite] Пекин (2010) +1 other reference
ⓘ Ordynskaya well (Moskovskaya well)	[Palygorskite] Пекин (2010) +1 other reference
Moscow Oblast Naro-Fominsky Urban District ⓘ Ratovka River (Ratovka ravine; Ratovsky ravine)	[Palygorskite] Evseev et al. (2004)
Podolsk Urban District ⓘ Novopodolsky Quarry	[Palygorskite] webmineral.ru (2020)
Murmansk Oblast ⓘ Eveslogchorr Mt	[Palygorskite] Yakovenchuk et al. (2010)
Fedorovo-Pansky massif (Pana layered complex) ⓘ North Kamennik deposit	[Raite] Ivanov et al. (2020, July)
ⓘ Khibiny Massif	[Raite] Yakovenchuk et al. (2005)
Kukisvumchorr Mt ⓘ Kirovskii apatite mine	[Ikorskyite] Yakovenchuk et al. (2024) +1 other reference
ⓘ 252 m level	[Ikorskyite] Yakovenchuk et al. (2024)
ⓘ Lovozero Massif	[Palygorskite, Tuperssuatsiaite] ...
Lovozersky District Alluaiv Mountain Umbozero mine ⓘ Nastrophitovyi pegmatite	[Raite] Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.)
ⓘ Karnasurt Mountain	[Tuperssuatsiaite, Yofortierite] Arzamastsev et al. (2008) +1 other reference
ⓘ Natrolite Stock	[Tuperssuatsiaite, Yofortierite] Pekov (2000)
ⓘ Yubileinaya-2 pegmatite	[Raite] Kasatkin (2019)
ⓘ Yubileinaya pegmatite	[Raite, Yofortierite] Mer'kov et al. (1973) +4 other references
Orenburg Oblast Orsk Khalilovskii Mining District Khabarninskii massif ⓘ Akkermanovskoe deposit	[Palygorskite] Sharkov (2009)
Perm Krai Palygorskaya Distance of Perm Railways Popovka River ⓘ Second Mine	[Palygorskite] Pekov (1998)
Povolzhsky region ⓘ Board of the Volga	[Palygorskite] Museum Victoria Registration Number: M ...
Primorsky Krai Dalnegorsk Urban District ⓘ Dalnegorsk	[Palygorskite] Grant et al. (2001)
ⓘ Sakha	[Palygorskite] [World of Stones 12:49]

Saudi Arabia
Eastern Province ⓘ Dhahran	[Palygorskite] Al-Shayea (2000)
Mecca Region ⓘ Hibashi Cave	[Palygorskite] Saudi Geological Survey Open-File ... +1 other reference

Senegal
Saint-Louis Region Senegal River Matam (Ouali-Diala) ⓘ Semme	[Palygorskite] www.uoguelph.ca (2003)
Thiès Region Taiba ⓘ Taiba mine (Keur Mor Fall deposit)	[Palygorskite] www.uoguelph.ca (2003)

Serbia
Central Serbia Braničevo District Žagubica ⓘ Bigar Hill	[Palygorskite] Zivanovic (2019)

Slovakia
Banská Bystrica Region Lučenec District Podrečany ⓘ Magnesite deposit	[Palygorskite] Koděra (1986)
Poltár District Breznička ⓘ Breznička asbestos deposit	[Palygorskite] Koděra (1986)
Revúca District Jelšava ⓘ Dúbrava magnesite deposit	[Palygorskite] Koděra (1986)
ⓘ Lubeník	[Palygorskite] Koděra (1986)
ⓘ Lubeník magnesite deposit	[Palygorskite] Koděra (1986)
Ploské ⓘ Ploské magnesite deposit	[Palygorskite] Koděra (1986)
Ratková ⓘ Ratkovská Suchá Magnesite deposit	[Palygorskite] Koděra (1986)
Rimavská Sobota District Hnúšťa ⓘ Mútnik deposit	[Palygorskite] Koděra (1986)
ⓘ Samo Mine	[Palygorskite] Koděra (1986)
Rovné ⓘ Burda magnesite deposit	[Palygorskite] Koděra (1986)
Prešov Region Prešov District Vyšná Šebastová ⓘ Maglovec quarry	[Palygorskite] Ďuďa

Slovenia
Idrija ⓘ Idria Mine (Idrija Mine)	[Palygorskite] Rečnik et al. (2010)

Spain
Andalusia Almería Níjar Cabo de Gata volcanic complex ⓘ Agua Amarga	[Palygorskite] Calvo Rebollar (2016)
Aragon Huesca Estopiñán del Castillo ⓘ Soriana Quarry	[Palygorskite] Calvo Rebollar (2018)
Canary Islands Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province Tenerife ⓘ ~~Playa de Paraiaso~~	[Yofortierite] Dill et al. (2023)
ⓘ ~~Playa de San Juan~~	[Yofortierite] Dill et al. (2023)
Castile and Leon León ⓘ Tremor de arriba	[Palygorskite] Angel Ortiz Maellas collection
Palencia ⓘ Villamuriel de Cerrato	[Palygorskite] Stvdia Geologica Salmanticensia
Segovia ⓘ Alconada de Maderuelo	[Palygorskite] Fernández Macarro et al. (1988)
ⓘ Miocene outcrops	[Palygorskite] Fernández Macarro et al. (1988)
ⓘ Bodón Blanco hyperalkaline playa-lake	[Palygorskite] Buey et al. (2025)
ⓘ Caballo Alba hyperalkaline playa-lake	[Palygorskite] Buey et al. (2025)
El Espinar ⓘ Los Ángeles de San Rafael	[Palygorskite] Vanrusselt (2023)
ⓘ Las Eras	[Palygorskite] Buey et al. (2025)
Vegas de Matute ⓘ Las Suertes quarry	[Palygorskite] Calvo Rebollar (2018)
Soria Magaña ⓘ Roadcut	[Palygorskite] Calvo et al. (2000)
Community of Madrid Madrid Vallecas ⓘ Sepiolite deposit	[Palygorskite] Ruishi Yang and Wenguang Li (2001)
Valencian Community Alicante Albatera ⓘ Los Serranos Quarry	[Palygorskite] usuarios.lycos.es (2004)

Sweden
Dalarna County Hedemora Garpenberg ⓘ Garpenberg Södra Mine	[Palygorskite] Öhman et al. (2000)
Stockholm County Nynäshamn ⓘ Stora Vika	[Palygorskite] Gustafsson et al. (1991) +1 other reference
Värmland County Filipstad Nordmark mining district ⓘ Värmlandsberg mine	[Palygorskite] www.k1q.net (2002)
Persberg ore district ⓘ Gåsgruvan ore field	[Palygorskite] Sandström et al. (2009)
ⓘ Gåsgruvan	[Palygorskite] Sandström et al. (2009)
ⓘ Gåsgruvan Quarry	[Palygorskite] Sandström et al. (2009)
Pajsberg ⓘ Harstigen Mine ?	[Palygorskite] Nysten (2004)
Västmanland County Sala Municipality Sala ⓘ Sala Silver Mine	[Palygorskite] Öhman (2003)

Switzerland
Bern Seeland ⓘ Büren an der Aare	[Palygorskite] Stalder et al. (1998)
Lucerne Entlebuch ⓘ Rotenflue	[Palygorskite] Stalder et al. (1998)
ⓘ Wolhusen	[Palygorskite] Stalder et al. (1998)
Nidwalden Ennetbürgen ⓘ Obermatt Quarry	[Palygorskite] Stalder et al. (1998)
Stansstad Kehrsiten ⓘ Limestone quarry	[Palygorskite] Stalder et al. (1998)
Rotzloch ⓘ Limestone quarry	[Palygorskite] Stalder et al. (1998)
Valais Goms Binn ⓘ Geisspfad area	[Palygorskite]
Vaud Lausanne Crissier ⓘ Bois-Genoud Quarry	[Palygorskite] Stalder et al. (1998)

Syria
Homs Governorate Khunayfis ⓘ Khunayfis deposit (Khneifiss deposit; Kneifis deposit; Khneifess mines; Khunaifis mines)	[Palygorskite] Abbas et al. (1985) +1 other reference

Tajikistan
Sughd Mastchoh District Altyn-Topkan ore field (Zarnisor ore field) ⓘ Altyn-Topkan deposit (Altyntopkan deposit; Altyn-Topkan Mine; Zarnisor deposit; Zarnisori Shimoli deposit; Northern Zarnisor deposit)	[Palygorskite] Xinjiang Tacheng International Resources Ltd.
ⓘ Tash-Geze deposit (Tashgeze deposit)	[Palygorskite] Badalov et al. (1977)

Tanzania
Pwani Region Kisarawe District Pugu Hills ⓘ Pugu Hill kaolin deposit	[Palygorskite] Schwaighofer et al. (1987)

Togo
Maritime Region ⓘ Dagpati	[Palygorskite] Gnandi et al. (2003)
Kpogamé ⓘ Avéto	[Palygorskite] Gnandi et al. (2003)

Tunisia
Gafsa Métlaoui ⓘ Oum el-Kecheb Mine	[Palygorskite] GALFATI et al. (2010)

Turkey
Kahramanmaraş Province ⓘ Köprüağzı Evaporites	[Palygorskite] Güngör Yeşilova et al. (2023)
Niğde Province ⓘ Bor-Ulukışla basin	[Palygorskite] Altay et al. (2010)

UK
England Cumbria Allerdale Caldbeck Potts Gill ⓘ East Potts Gill Mine	[Palygorskite] Shaw (1972) +1 other reference
ⓘ Old Potts Gill Mine	[Palygorskite] Shaw (1972) +1 other reference
ⓘ Caldbeck Fells Mining Region	[Palygorskite] Stanley et al. (1991)
Derbyshire North East Derbyshire District Ashover Milltown ⓘ Milltown Quarry	[Palygorskite] Mineralogical Magazine (1984) +2 other references
Devon East Devon Axmouth ⓘ Haven Cliff	[Palygorskite] Render (n.d.)
ⓘ Seaton	[Palygorskite] Smith et al. (1986)
ⓘ Seaton Hole	[Palygorskite] Render (n.d.)
Mid Devon Crediton ⓘ Knowle Quarry	[Palygorskite] Peter Nancarrow Collection specimen no PN 540 (Collected by E.J. Beer - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_John_Beer)
West Devon Okehampton Hamlets ⓘ Meldon Aplite Quarry	[Palygorskite] www.mineralman.f9.co.uk (2001)
Leicestershire Blaby Enderby ⓘ Enderby Warren Quarry	[Palygorskite] www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk (2016)
Somerset Somerset West and Taunton Watchet ⓘ Warren Bay	[Palygorskite] Render (n.d.)
Warwickshire Hartshill ⓘ Hartshill Quarry	[Palygorskite] Render (n.d.)
Studley Spernal Park Hill ⓘ South slope	[Palygorskite] Render (n.d.)
Scotland Highland Wester Ross， Strathpeffer and Lochalsh ⓘ Gruinard Bay	[Palygorskite] Am Min 61:3-4 pp 299-302
South Lanarkshire ⓘ Leadhills	[Palygorskite]
Wales Bridgend Porthcawl ⓘ Ty Coch Mine	[Palygorskite] Criddle et al. (1977)
Rhondda Cynon Taf Llantrisant ⓘ Mwyndy Mine	[Palygorskite] National Museum of Wales specimen

Ukraine
Crimea Bakhchysarai Trudolyubovka ⓘ Pervomaiskii quarry	[Windhoekite] Kasatkin (2019)
Simferopol area Lozovoye Village area ⓘ Lozovoye quarry	[Palygorskite] Tischenko Alexander
Petropavlovka Village area ⓘ Petropavlovskii quarry	[Palygorskite] A. Tischenko. Minerals of the Crimea - ...
Ukrainka Village area (Kurtsy) ⓘ Kurtsovskoye deposit (diabases)	[Palygorskite] Dvoichenko P.A. The minerals of Crimea (1914)
ⓘ Severnyi Kurtsovskii quarry (North Kyrtsy)	[Palygorskite] Dvoichenko (1914) +1 other reference
ⓘ Yzhnyi Kurtsovskii quarry (South Kurtsy)	[Palygorskite] Dvoichenko P.A. The minerals of Crimea (1914)

USA
Alaska ⓘ Glacier Bay Mining District	[Palygorskite] Smith et al. (1986)
Hoonah-Angoon Census Area Chichagof Mining District (Chicagof Mining District) Lemesurier Island ⓘ Iceberg Point	[Palygorskite] Smith et al. (1986)
Arizona Apache County Petrified Forest National Park ⓘ Petrified Forest	[Palygorskite] Schultz (1963) +1 other reference
Cochise County Chiricahua Mountains California Mining District (Chiricahua Mining District) ⓘ Hilltop Mine	[Palygorskite] Luetcke (n.d.)
Gila County Globe Hills Mining District Burch area Radium ⓘ Apache Mine	[Palygorskite] Anthony et al. (1995)
Miami-Inspiration Mining District Inspiration Miami-Inspiration deposit Inspiration Mine Webster Gulch ⓘ Black Copper pit (Black Copper section; Black Copper group; Warrior group)	[Palygorskite] Anthony et al. (1995)
Pima County Ajo Mining District Little Ajo Mountains Ajo ⓘ New Cornelia Mine	[Palygorskite] Thomas et al. (1983) +1 other reference
Sierrita Mountains Pima Mining District Twin Buttes ⓘ Twin Buttes Mine	[Palygorskite] Galbraith (1947)
Pinal County Mammoth Mining District Tiger St. Anthony deposit ⓘ Mammoth-Saint Anthony Mine	[Palygorskite] Bideaux (1980) +1 other reference
Santa Cruz County Patagonia Mountains Patagonia Mining District ⓘ Duquesne-Washington Camp	[Palygorskite] Anthony et al. (1995)
ⓘ Silver Bell Mine (Silver Bill Mine)	[Palygorskite] Anthony et al. (1995)
ⓘ South Empire Mine	[Palygorskite] Anthony et al. (1995)
Arkansas Garland County Wilson Springs (Potash Sulfur Springs) Union Carbide Mine ⓘ North Wilson pit	[Palygorskite] Howard +1 other reference
ⓘ Hot Spring County	[Tuperssuatsiaite] Howard (2007)
Magnet Cove ⓘ Jones Mill Quarry	[Yofortierite] Henry Barwood - unpublished (2010)
Pike County Murfreesboro ⓘ American Mine (Kimberlite Mine)	[Palygorskite] Smith (1988)
ⓘ Saline County	[Palygorskite] Howard (1987) +1 other reference
California Calaveras County ⓘ New Melones Dam	[Palygorskite] Pohl et al. (1982)
West Belt ⓘ New Melones Dam	[Palygorskite] Pohl et al. (1982)
Los Angeles County Puente Hills Pomona area ⓘ Pomona Freeway and North-bound Orange Freeway roadcuts	[Palygorskite] Henderson (1973) +2 other references
San Bernardino County East Kramer Mining District East Kramer Borate area (East Kramer Colemanite area) Kramer Junction (Beecher's Corners; Beechers Corners; Four Corners) ⓘ Four Corners No. 3; 4 & 5 wells	[Palygorskite] Droste (1959) +2 other references
San Diego County Mesa Grande Mining District Gem Hill ⓘ Himalaya Mine	[Palygorskite] Foord et al. (1986)
ⓘ Santa Monica Mountains	[Palygorskite] Troy Schmidt Collection
Sierra County Alleghany Mining District (Forest Mining District) Plumbago ⓘ Plumbago Mine (Marion Mine; Croesus Mine; Standard Extension Mine; Crafts Clute Mine; Enterprise Mine; Hope Mine; Gold Beater Mine)	[Palygorskite] Ferguson (1932) +2 other references
Colorado El Paso County Colorado Springs ⓘ Red Rock Quarry	[Palygorskite] Eckel et al. (1997)
Pitkin County ⓘ Aspen Mining District (Roaring Fork Mining District)	[Palygorskite] Eckel et al. (1997)
Connecticut Fairfield County Brookfield ⓘ U. S. Route 7 Expressway (Danbury line to Iron Works District) ?	[Palygorskite] Januzzi (1994)
Danbury ⓘ ~~Agstone Company Limestone Quarry~~	[Palygorskite] Januzzi et al. (1976) +1 other reference
Florida De Soto County ⓘ Dees drill hole	[Palygorskite] USGS Circular 1059 pp129-137
ⓘ Gadsden County	[Palygorskite] Smith et al. (1986)
ⓘ Englehard Corporation - Swisher Mine	[Palygorskite] - (2005)
ⓘ Hinson	[Palygorskite] - (2005)
ⓘ Jamieson	[Palygorskite] - (2005)
ⓘ Luten Mine	[Palygorskite] cms.lanl.gov (n.d.)
ⓘ Milwhite Company McCall Mine	[Palygorskite] - (2005)
ⓘ Quincy	[Palygorskite] Clay Minerals (1990)
ⓘ Quincy Mine	[Palygorskite] - (2005)
Polk County ⓘ Central Florida Phosphate Mining District (Bone Valley)	[Palygorskite] Marc V. Hurst (2012)
Georgia ⓘ Decatur County	[Palygorskite] Cook (1978)
ⓘ Amsterdam Mine (Decatur County Mine)	[Palygorskite] Cook (1978)
ⓘ Attapulgus	[Palygorskite] Smith et al. (1986)
Grady County ⓘ Calvary	[Palygorskite] Cook (1978)
Pickens County Jasper ⓘ Cove Mountain Mine	[Palygorskite] Rocks & Min.:64:202.
ⓘ Marble Hill	[Palygorskite] Cook (1978)
ⓘ New York Quarry	[Palygorskite] Rocks & Min.: 64:203.
Whitestone ⓘ Marble Products Corporation of Georgia Quarry	[Palygorskite] Rocks & Min.: 64: 202.
Thomas County ⓘ Cherokee Industries Ochlocknee Mine (Anschutz Company; Control Packaging)	[Palygorskite] Cook (1978)
Meigs ⓘ Waverly Mineral Products	[Palygorskite] - (2005)
ⓘ Ochlocknee	[Palygorskite] - (2005)
ⓘ Simpson Mine & Mill	[Palygorskite] Cook (1978)
ⓘ Turner Mine	[Palygorskite] Cook (1978)
Idaho Clark County Spencer ⓘ Spencer Opal Mine	[Palygorskite] Hennebois et al. (2025)
Lemhi County Spring Mountain Mining District Quartzite Canyon ⓘ Unnamed skarn	[Palygorskite] Ream (2004)
Michigan Baraga County Imperial Heights ⓘ Ohio Mines (Imperial Mine; Webster Mine)	[Palygorskite] Morris (1983)
Gogebic County Gogebic iron range ⓘ Wakefield Mine	[Palygorskite] Heinrich et al. (2004)
Missouri Washington County ⓘ Pea Ridge Mine	[Palygorskite] Sherwood et al. (1998)
Montana Jefferson County Whitehall Mining District (Cardwell Mining District) ⓘ Apex prospect	[Palygorskite] Gnanou (2018)
ⓘ Bonanza prospect	[Palygorskite] Gnanou (2018)
Golden Sunlight Mine ⓘ North pit	[Palygorskite] Gnanou (2018)
Silver Bow County ⓘ Butte Mining District (Summit Valley Mining District)	[Palygorskite] Guilbert and Zeihen +1 other reference
Nevada Churchill County ⓘ Broken Hills Mining District	[Palygorskite] Castor et al. (2004)
Humboldt County Osgood Mountains Potosi Mining District Adam Peak Getchell Mine ⓘ Turquoise Ridge Underground Mine (Getchell Underground; Hansen Creek pit)	[Palygorskite] Barrick Gold Corporation
Mineral County Silver Star Mining District ⓘ Silver Dyke Mine	[Palygorskite] Castor et al. (2004)
New Jersey Hudson County Secaucus ⓘ Laurel Hill	[Palygorskite] King (n.d.)
Passaic County Woodland Park ⓘ Union Building and Construction Quarry	[Palygorskite] Bradley D. Plotkin collection
Warren County White Township ⓘ Oxford Stone Co. Quarry (Tilcon New Jersey Quarry)	[Palygorskite] King (n.d.)
New Mexico Eddy County Carlsbad Caverns National Park ⓘ Carlsbad Caverns (Carlsbad Cavern)	[Palygorskite] Northrop et al. (1996)
ⓘ Lechuguilla Cave	[Palygorskite] Northrop et al. (1996)
Otero County Cornudas Mountains ⓘ Wind Mountain	[Tuperssuatsiaite, Windmountainite, Yofortierite] Jerry Cone Collection
Socorro County ⓘ San Marcial Quarry	[Palygorskite] Northrop et al. (1996)
New York Putnam County Town of Southeast ⓘ Tilly Foster Iron Mine	[Palygorskite] Ronald Januzzi collection
North Carolina Yancey County ⓘ Day Book	[Palygorskite] Furbush et al. (1976)
ⓘ Green Mountain Mine	[Palygorskite] x-ray diffraction data from 1986 East Carolina Univ. field trip (Pei Lin Tien)
Pennsylvania Berks County Oley Township ⓘ Oley Valley Quarry (Oley Stone Quarry; Eastern Industries Quarry)	[Palygorskite] Smith (1977)
Chester County ⓘ Phoenixville Mining District	[Palygorskite] Sloto (1989)
York County East Manchester Township Emigsville ⓘ Codorus Stone & Supply Co. Quarry	[Palygorskite] www.jonesgeo.com (2011)
Utah Kane County ⓘ Kaibab fault	[Palygorskite] Shannon (1927)
Tooele County Ophir Mining District Jacob City ⓘ Deseret Mine	[Palygorskite] Bullock (1981)
Vermont Franklin County Swanton ⓘ Swanton (Stearns) marble quarry	[Palygorskite] Rocks & Min. Vol. 71 (1996)
Virginia Montgomery County Blacksburg ⓘ ACCO Stone Quarry	[Palygorskite]
Rockbridge County Glasgow ⓘ Lone Jack Quarry	[Palygorskite] Dietrich (1985)
Washington Pend Oreille County Metaline Mining District ⓘ Bella May Mine	[Palygorskite] Cannon (1975)
ⓘ Blue Bucket Mine	[Palygorskite] Derkey et al. (1990, November)
ⓘ Grandview Mine	[Palygorskite] Cannon (1975)
ⓘ Josephine Mine	[Palygorskite] Cannon (1975)
ⓘ Metaline	[Palygorskite] Cannon (1975)
ⓘ Metaline Falls	[Palygorskite] Charles W. Huggins (1962)
ⓘ Morning and Mammoth Prospect	[Palygorskite] Cannon (1975)
ⓘ Pend Oreille Mine	[Palygorskite] Teck Resources Limited
ⓘ Wolf Creek Prospect	[Palygorskite] Cannon (1975)
ⓘ Yellowhead Mine	[Palygorskite] Derkey et al. (1990, November)
Stevens County Colville Mining District ⓘ Van Stone Mine	[Palygorskite] Cannon (1975)

Uzbekistan
Sirdaryo ⓘ Navbakhor Clay deposit	[Palygorskite] Mirzaev et al. (2004)

Venezuela
ⓘ Unspecified Caves	[Palygorskite] Franco Urbani (2009)

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