Tadzhikite-(Ce)
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Tadzhikite-(Ce)
Formula:
Ca4Ce3+2Ti◻2(B4Si4O22)(OH)2
Colour:
Brown, grey
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
6
Specific Gravity:
3.73 - 3.86
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named by A.F. Efimov, V.D. Dusmatov, V.Y. Alkhazov, Z.G. Pudovkina, and M.Y. Kazakova in 1970 for the country of the type locality. The name is from an alternate spelling for the Republic of Tajikistan, and the suffix indicates the dominant REE.
Specimens of tadzhikite-(Ce) from the type locality have earlier erroneously been labelled as tadzhikite-(Y). The mineral, which originally was named as tadzhikite (without the suffix), was described by Efimov et al. (1970) as two varieties: "tadzhikikite-I" and "tadzhikite-II". The "tadzhikite-I" is enriched in Y relative to "tadzhikite-II", and was thus informally named as tadzhikite-(Y) by Pekov (1988). However, structural analysis has established that the mineral is in fact Ce-dominant (Hawthorne et al., 1988); Oberti et al., 2002).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3866
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3866:5
IMA Classification of Tadzhikite-(Ce)
Approved
IMA status notes:
Renamed by the IMA
IMA Formula:
Ca4Ce3+2Ti4+◻(B4Si4O22)(OH)2
Approval year:
1969
Approval history:
Approved by IMA in 1969 as tadzhikite.
Tadzhikite was renamed as tadzhikite-(Ce) by IMA in 2000 (special procedure 00-F)
Tadzhikite was renamed as tadzhikite-(Ce) by IMA in 2000 (special procedure 00-F)
Classification of Tadzhikite-(Ce)
9.DK.20
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
K : Inosilicates with 5-periodic single chains
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
K : Inosilicates with 5-periodic single chains
17.5.19
17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
5 : Borosilicates
17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
5 : Borosilicates
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Tad-Ce | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Tadzhikite-(Ce)
Vitreous
Transparency:
Translucent, Opaque
Colour:
Brown, grey
Streak:
White
Hardness:
6 on Mohs scale
Parting:
Parting on {010}
Density:
3.73 - 3.86 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.77 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Tadzhikite-(Ce)
Type:
Biaxial (+/-)
RI values:
nα = 1.750 - 1.761 nβ = 1.767 nγ = 1.763 - 1.772
2V:
Measured: 80° to 92°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.011 - 0.013
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
distinct to strong
Chemistry of Tadzhikite-(Ce)
Mindat Formula:
Ca4Ce3+2Ti◻2(B4Si4O22)(OH)2
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Tadzhikite-(Ce)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P2/b
Setting:
P2/a
Cell Parameters:
a = 18.946(4) Å, b = 4.714(4) Å, c = 10.302(2) Å
β = 11.58(2)°
β = 11.58(2)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 4.019 : 1 : 2.185
Unit Cell V:
184.69 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0005547 | Tadzhikite-(Ce) | Hawthorne F C, Cooper M A, Taylor M C (1998) Refinement of the crystal structure of tadzhikite The Canadian Mineralogist 36 817-822 | ![]() | 1998 | Dara-i-Pioz, Tadzhikistan | 0 | 293 |
| 0015611 | Tadzhikite-(Ce) | Chernitsova N M, Pudovkina Z V, Pyatenko Y A (1982) About the crystal structure of tadzhikite {(Ca,Tr)4(Y,Tr)2(Ti,Fe,Al)(O,OH)2 [Si4B4O22]} Soviet Physics Doklady 27 367-368 | 1982 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2.65 Å | (100) |
| 1.913 Å | (55) |
| 4.96 Å | (30) |
| 2.94 Å | (30) |
| 1.665 Å | (30) |
| 2.86 Å | (25) |
| 2.19 Å | (25) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks |
Type Occurrence of Tadzhikite-(Ce)
General Appearance of Type Material:
prismatic crystals
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
A.E. Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 73374, 74575, 74965, vis3328.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Tadzhikite-(Ce)
Other Language Names for Tadzhikite-(Ce)
Dutch:Tadzhikiet-(Ce)
German:Tadzhikit-(Ce)
Tadshikit
Tadshikit
Russian:Таджикит-(Ce)
Simplified Chinese:塔吉克石
Traditional Chinese:塔吉克石
Relationship of Tadzhikite-(Ce) to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Hellandite Group:
| Ciprianiite | Ca4[(Th,U),Ca]Σ2Al(Be0.5◻1.5)Σ2[B4Si4O22](OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
| Ferri-hellandite-(Ce) | (Ca3Ce)Ce2Fe3+◻2B4Si4O22(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
| Ferri-mottanaite-(Ce) | Ca4Ce2Fe3+(Be1.5◻0.5)[Si4B4O22]O2 | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
| Hellandite-(Ce) | (Ca,REE)4Ce2Al◻2(B4Si4O22) (OH)2 | Mon. 2/m |
| Hellandite-(Y) | (Ca,REE)4Y2Al◻2(B4Si4O22) (OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
| Mottanaite-(Ce) | Ca4(Ce,REE)Σ2Al(Be1.5◻0.5)Σ2[B4Si4O22]O2 | Mon. 2/m |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 3 photos of Tadzhikite-(Ce) associated with Zirsilite-(Ce) | Na11-12(Ce,Na)3Ca6Mn3Zr3Nb(Si19O55)(Si3O9)2(CO3)(OH)3 · H2O |
| 1 photo of Tadzhikite-(Ce) associated with Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| 1 photo of Tadzhikite-(Ce) associated with Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| 1 photo of Tadzhikite-(Ce) associated with Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(C2+4C3+)(AlSi7O22)W2 |
| 1 photo of Tadzhikite-(Ce) associated with Ferrokentbrooksite | Na15Ca6(Fe,Mn)3Zr3NbSi25O73(O,OH,H2O)3Cl2 |
| 1 photo of Tadzhikite-(Ce) associated with Fluorite | CaF2 |
| 1 photo of Tadzhikite-(Ce) associated with Sanidine | K(AlSi3O8) |
| 1 photo of Tadzhikite-(Ce) associated with Rinkite-(Y) | Na2Ca4YTi(Si2O7)2OF3 |
| 1 photo of Tadzhikite-(Ce) associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 1 photo of Tadzhikite-(Ce) associated with Titanite | CaTiO(SiO4) |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.DK. | Ferrorhodonite | CaMn3Fe[Si5O15] |
| 9.DK. | Vittinkiite | MnMn3Mn[Si5O15] |
| 9.DK. | Ferri-hellandite-(Ce) | (Ca3Ce)Ce2Fe3+◻2B4Si4O22(OH)2 |
| 9.DK. | Shijiangshanite | Pb3CaAl(Si5O14)(OH)3 · 3H2O |
| 9.DK.05 | Nambulite | LiMn2+4Si5O14(OH) |
| 9.DK.05 | Marsturite | NaCaMn3Si5O14(OH) |
| 9.DK.05 | Natronambulite | (Na,Li)(Mn,Ca)4Si5O14OH |
| 9.DK.05 | Rhodonite | CaMn3Mn[Si5O15] |
| 9.DK.05 | Scandiobabingtonite | (Ca,Na)2(Fe2+,Mn)(Sc,Fe3+)Si5O14(OH) |
| 9.DK.05 | Lithiomarsturite | LiCaMn3Si5O14(OH) |
| 9.DK.05 | Manganbabingtonite | Ca2Mn2+Fe3+Si5O14(OH) |
| 9.DK.05 | Fowlerite | (Mn2+,Zn,Ca)SiO3 |
| 9.DK.05 | Babingtonite | Ca2Fe2+Fe3+Si5O14(OH) |
| 9.DK.10 | Santaclaraite | CaMn4[Si5O14OH](OH) · H2O |
| 9.DK.15 | Saneroite | NaMn2+5[Si5O14(OH)](VO3)(OH) |
| 9.DK.20 | Ferri-mottanaite-(Ce) | Ca4Ce2Fe3+(Be1.5◻0.5)[Si4B4O22]O2 |
| 9.DK.20 | 'Hellandite-(Yb)' | (Ca,Y)4(Yb,Y)2(Al,Fe3+,Ti4+)(Be,Li)2[B4Si4O22](O,F,OH)2 |
| 9.DK.20 | Mottanaite-(Ce) | Ca4(Ce,REE)Σ2Al(Be1.5◻0.5)Σ2[B4Si4O22]O2 |
| 9.DK.20 | Ciprianiite | Ca4[(Th,U),Ca]Σ2Al(Be0.5◻1.5)Σ2[B4Si4O22](OH)2 |
| 9.DK.20 | Hellandite-(Y) | (Ca,REE)4Y2Al◻2(B4Si4O22) (OH)2 |
| 9.DK.20 | Hellandite-(Ce) | (Ca,REE)4Ce2Al◻2(B4Si4O22) (OH)2 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Tadzhikite-(Ce)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3866.html
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References for Tadzhikite-(Ce)
Reference List:
Nickel, Ernest H., Mandarino, Joseph A. (1987) Procedures involving the IMA Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names and guidelines on mineral nomenclature. American Mineralogist, 72 (9-10) 1031-1042
Oberti, Roberta, Ottolini, Luisa, Camara, Fernando, Della Ventura, Giancarlo (1999) Crystal structure of non-metamict Th-rich hellandite-(Ce) from Latium (Italy) and crystal chemistry of the hellandite-group minerals. American Mineralogist, 84 (5) 913-921 doi:10.2138/am-1999-5-626
Localities for Tadzhikite-(Ce)
Showing 19 localities.
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Canada | |
| A. McDonald & L. Horvath pers. comm. +2 other references |
Italy | |
| BERNABE' E. (1987) |
| Thorne (n.d.) |
Kyrgyzstan | |
| Pautov et al. (2013) |
Norway | |
| Engvoldsen et al. (1991) |
| Larsen et al. (2005) | |
| |
| Larsen et al. (2010) | |
| +1 other reference |
| Larsen et al. (2010) | |
| Andersen et al. (1996) | |
| - (n.d.) | |
| Andersen et al. (1996) | |
| Engvoldsen et al. (1991) | |
| Peter Andresen collection |
| Engvoldsen et al. (1991) |
Sweden | |
| Christian Brand coll. |
Tajikistan (TL) | |
| Efimov et al. (1970) +2 other references |
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The
Dara-i-Pioz Massif, Districts of Republican Subordination, Tajikistan