Sanmartinite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Sanmartinite
Formula:
(Zn,Fe)WO4
Colour:
Reddish brown; dark brown to brownish black (massive)
Lustre:
Resinous
Hardness:
4 - 4½
Specific Gravity:
6.7
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named for Department of San Martín in the Province of San Luis, Argentina. The region, the type locality for the mineral, is in turn named for 'the great liberator General José de San Martín.'
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3523
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3523:7
IMA Classification of Sanmartinite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Zn2+W6+O4
First published:
1948
Classification of Sanmartinite
4.DB.30
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
B : With medium-sized cations; chains of edge-sharing octahedra
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
B : With medium-sized cations; chains of edge-sharing octahedra
48.1.1.3
48 : ANHYDROUS MOLYBDATES AND TUNGSTATES
1 : AXO4
48 : ANHYDROUS MOLYBDATES AND TUNGSTATES
1 : AXO4
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Sma | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Sanmartinite
Resinous
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Reddish brown; dark brown to brownish black (massive)
Comment:
Dark red internal reflections.
Hardness:
4 - 4½ on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Perfect
On {010}, perfect.
On {010}, perfect.
Density:
6.7 g/cm3 (Measured) 7.87 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
Calculated density value based on synthetic ZnWO4.
Optical Data of Sanmartinite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
Dispersion:
relatively strong
Chemistry of Sanmartinite
Mindat Formula:
(Zn,Fe)WO4
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Ca,Mn
Crystallography of Sanmartinite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/b
Cell Parameters:
a = 4.702 Å, b = 5.726 Å, c = 4.948 Å
β = 90.3°
β = 90.3°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.821 : 1 : 0.864
Unit Cell V:
133.22 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Crystals rare and minute, only to 60 μm, tabular on {001}, with {001}, {010}, {110}, {112}, and {102}. Commonly in reticulated aggregates and fine-grained massive.
Crystal Structure
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2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0006600 | Sanmartinite | Redfern S A T, Bell A M T, Henderson M B, Schofield P F (1995) Rietveld study of the structural phase transition in the sanmartinite (ZnWO4)- cuproscheelite (CuWO4) solid solution European Journal of Mineralogy 7 1019-1028 | 1995 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0006599 | Sanmartinite | Redfern S A T, Bell A M T, Henderson M B, Schofield P F (1995) Rietveld study of the structural phase transition in the sanmartinite (ZnWO4)- cuproscheelite (CuWO4) solid solution European Journal of Mineralogy 7 1019-1028 | 1995 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2.931 Å | (100) |
| 2.908 Å | (90) |
| 3.73 Å | (40) |
| 4.69 Å | (35) |
| 3.62 Å | (35) |
| 2.472 Å | (35) |
| 2.464 Å | (35) |
Comments:
Synthetic. The data are from Swanson et al. (1963).
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 31 : Thermally altered carbonate, phosphate, and iron formations | |
| 32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits |
Type Occurrence of Sanmartinite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Fine granular masses.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
The Natural History Museum, London, England: 1978,353.
The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, USA: #25575.
Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: #134566.
U.S. National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA: #105681, 137479.
The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, USA: #25575.
Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: #134566.
U.S. National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA: #105681, 137479.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Quartz vein between granite and granitic pegmatite intruding Precambrian crystalline schists.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Sanmartinite
Other Language Names for Sanmartinite
Dutch:Sanmartiniet
German:Sanmartinit
Zinkwolframit
Zinkwolframit
Russian:Санмартинит
Spanish:Sanmartinita
Zinkwolframita
Zinkwolframita
Relationship of Sanmartinite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Wolframite Group:
| Ferberite | FeWO4 | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
| Heftetjernite | ScTaO4 | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
| Huanzalaite | MgWO4 | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
| Hübnerite | MnWO4 | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
| 'Krasnoselskite' | CoWO4 | Mon. |
| Nioboheftetjernite | ScNbO4 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Rossovskyite | (Fe3+,Ta)(Nb,Ti)O4 | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.DB. | Tianhongqiite | CrTiO3(OH) |
| 4.DB. | Nioboheftetjernite | ScNbO4 |
| 4.DB. | Huangshanite | Fe3+TaO4 |
| 4.DB. | Nioboixiolite-(Mn2+) | (Nb0.67Mn2+0.33)O2 |
| 4.DB. | Shakhdaraite-(Y) | ScYNb2O8 |
| 4.DB.05 | Varlamoffite | Sn1-xFexO2-x(OH) |
| 4.DB.05 | Argutite | GeO2 |
| 4.DB.05 | Cassiterite | SnO2 |
| 4.DB.05 | Rutile | TiO2 |
| 4.DB.05 | Plattnerite | PbO2 |
| 4.DB.05 | Tripuhyite | Fe3+Sb5+O4 |
| 4.DB.05 | Tugarinovite | MoO2 |
| 4.DB.05 | Pyrolusite | Mn4+O2 |
| 4.DB.10 | Byströmite | MgSb2O6 |
| 4.DB.10 | Ordoñezite | ZnSb2O6 |
| 4.DB.10 | Tredouxite | NiSb2O6 |
| 4.DB.10 | Tapiolite-(Mn) | Mn2+Ta2O6 |
| 4.DB.10 | Tapiolite-(Fe) | Fe2+Ta2O6 |
| 4.DB.15a | Paramontroseite | V4+O2 |
| 4.DB.15a | Ramsdellite | Mn4+O2 |
| 4.DB.15b | Akhtenskite | ε-Mn4+O2 |
| 4.DB.15c | Nsutite | (Mn4+,Mn2+)(O,OH)2 |
| 4.DB.20 | Scrutinyite | α-PbO2 |
| 4.DB.20 | Nioboixiolite-([]) | (Nb0.8◻0.2)4+O2 |
| 4.DB.25 | Ishikawaite | U4+Fe2+Nb2O8 |
| 4.DB.25 | Yttrocolumbite-(Y) | Y(U4+,Fe2+)Nb2O8 |
| 4.DB.25 | Calciosamarskite | (Ca,U4+)Fe3+(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O8 |
| 4.DB.25 | Samarskite-(Yb) | YbFe3+(Nb,Ta)2O8 |
| 4.DB.25 | Ixiolite-(Sc) | (Ta0.5Sc0.5)O2 |
| 4.DB.25 | Ixiolite-(Fe2+) | (Ta0.67Fe2+0.33)O2 |
| 4.DB.25 | Ixiolite-(Mn2+) | (Ta0.67Mn2+0.33)O2 |
| 4.DB.25 | Nioboixiolite-(Fe2+) | (Nb0.67Fe2+0.33)O2 |
| 4.DB.25 | Srilankite | TiO2 |
| 4.DB.25 | Samarskite-(Y) | YFe3+Nb2O8 |
| 4.DB.25 | Nioboixiolite-(Fe3+) | (Nb0.5Fe3+0.5)O2 |
| 4.DB.30 va | Wolframite Group | |
| 4.DB.30 | Rossovskyite | (Fe3+,Ta)(Nb,Ti)O4 |
| 4.DB.30 | Huanzalaite | MgWO4 |
| 4.DB.30 | Heftetjernite | ScTaO4 |
| 4.DB.30 | Hübnerite | MnWO4 |
| 4.DB.30 | Ferberite | FeWO4 |
| 4.DB.30 | 'Krasnoselskite' | CoWO4 |
| 4.DB.35 | Qitianlingite | (Fe,Mn)2(Nb,Ta)2WO10 |
| 4.DB.35 | Tantalaeschynite-(Ce) | Ce(TiTa)O6 |
| 4.DB.35 | Tantalite-(Mg) | (Mg,Fe2+)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| 4.DB.35 | Columbite-(Mn) | Mn2+Nb2O6 |
| 4.DB.35 | Tantalite-(Mn) | Mn2+Ta2O6 |
| 4.DB.35 | Columbite-(Fe) | Fe2+Nb2O6 |
| 4.DB.35 | Columbite-(Mg) | (Mg,Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)2O6 |
| 4.DB.35 | Tantalite-(Fe) | Fe2+Ta2O6 |
| 4.DB.40 | Ferrotitanowodginite | Fe2+TiTa2O8 |
| 4.DB.40 | 'Wolframowodginite' | Mn(Mn,Sn,Fe,Ta)(W,Ta,Nb)2O8 |
| 4.DB.40 | Lithiotantite | LiTa3O8 |
| 4.DB.40 | Lithiowodginite | LiTa3O8 |
| 4.DB.40 | Titanowodginite | Mn2+TiTa2O8 |
| 4.DB.40 | Tantalowodginite | (Mn2+0.5◻0.5)TaTa2O8 |
| 4.DB.40 | Wodginite | Mn2+Sn4+Ta2O8 |
| 4.DB.40 | Ferrowodginite | Fe2+Sn4+Ta2O8 |
| 4.DB.45 | Tivanite | V3+TiO3(OH) |
| 4.DB.50 | Carmichaelite | (Ti,Cr,Fe)[O2-x(OH)x] |
| 4.DB.55 | Alumotantite | AlTaO4 |
| 4.DB.60 | Biehlite | ((Sb,As)O)2[MoO4] |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Sanmartinite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3523.html
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References for Sanmartinite
Reference List:
Dunn, Pete J. (1978) Sanmartinite: new data. Mineralogical Magazine, 42 (322) 281 doi:10.1180/minmag.1978.042.322.22
Redfern, Simon A. T., Bell, Anthony M. T., Henderson, C. Michael B., Schofield, Paule (1995) Rietveld study of the structural phase transition in the sanmartinite (ZnWO4)-cuproscheelite (CuWO4) solid solution. European Journal of Mineralogy, 7 (4) 1019-1028 doi:10.1127/ejm/7/4/1019
Kloprogge, J. Theo, Weier, Matt L., Duong, Loc V., Frost, Ray L. (2004) Microwave-assisted synthesis and characterisation of divalent metal tungstate nanocrystalline minerals: ferberite, hübnerite, sanmartinite, scheelite and stolzite. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 88. 438-443 doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2004.08.013
Localities for Sanmartinite
Showing 6 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Biglia et al. (2016) |
| Las Especies Minerales De La Republica ... +1 other reference |
| Notulae Naturae Academy of Natural Sciences (1948) +1 other reference |
Bolivia | |
| Ahlfeld et al. (1964) |
Canada | |
| Chatterjee (1977) |
Mexico | |
| Erik Vercammen collection |
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Mulatos, Sahuaripa Municipality, Sonora, Mexico