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Philipsbornite

A valid IMA mineral species

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Philipsbornite

Clara Mine, Oberwolfach, Ortenaukreis, Freiburg Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Philipsbornite, etc.

Guatomo Mine, Tham Thalu, Bannang Sata District, Yala Province, Thailand

Philipsbornite

Cap Garonne Mine, Le Pradet, Toulon, Var, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France

Philipsbornite

Clara Mine, Oberwolfach, Ortenaukreis, Freiburg Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Philipsbornite, etc.

Guatomo Mine, Tham Thalu, Bannang Sata District, Yala Province, Thailand

Philipsbornite

Cap Garonne Mine, Le Pradet, Toulon, Var, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France

Philipsbornite

Clara Mine, Oberwolfach, Ortenaukreis, Freiburg Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Philipsbornite, etc.

Guatomo Mine, Tham Thalu, Bannang Sata District, Yala Province, Thailand

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About PhilipsborniteHide

Helmut von Philipsborn

Formula:

PbAl₃(AsO₄)(AsO₃OH)(OH)₆

Colour:

Colourless, white, yellow, green or grey, pale blue

Lustre:

Vitreous

Hardness:

4½

Specific Gravity:

5.39 (Calculated)

Crystal System:

Trigonal

Member of:

Dussertite Group > Alunite Supergroup

Name:

Named in 1982 by Kurt Walenta, Martina Zwiener and Pete J. Dunn in honor of Helmuth Richard Hermann Adolf Friedrich von Philipsborn [August 3, 1892, Berlin, Germany - October 19, 1983, Regensburg, Germany], professor of mineralogy, University of Bonn, Germany

Type Locality:

ⓘ Red Lead Mine, Dundas mineral field, Zeehan mining district, West Coast municipality, Tasmania, Australia

The lead analogue of arsenocrandallite and arsenogoyazite, and the arsenate analogue of plumbogummite.

Forms solid solutions with the arsenate-sulphate member hidalgoite.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

3190

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:3190:1

IMA Classification of PhilipsborniteHide

IMA status:

Approved

IMA Formula:

Pb²⁺Al₃(As⁵⁺O₄)(As⁵⁺O₃OH)(OH)₆

Approval year:

1981

Type description reference:

Walenta, K., Zwiener, M. and Dunn, P. J. (1982): Philipsbornit, ein neues Mineral der Crandallitreihe von Dundas auf Tasmanien. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte (1982): 1-5. (in German).

Classification of PhilipsborniteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

8.BL.10

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H₂O
L : With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.):RO₄ = 3:1

Dana 8th ed.:

42.7.4.2

42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
7 : (AB)₂(XO₄)Z_q·xH₂O

Hey's CIM Ref.:

20.5.5

20 : Arsenates (also arsenates with phosphate, but without other anions)
5 : Arsenates of Ti and Pb

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Pbn	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Pronunciation of PhilipsborniteHide

Pronunciation:

Play	Recorded by	Country
	Jolyon Ralph	United Kingdom

Physical Properties of PhilipsborniteHide

Lustre:

Vitreous

Transparency:

Transparent, Translucent

Colour:

Colourless, white, yellow, green or grey, pale blue

Comment:

Colour depends on impurity elements (commonly Fe, Cu).

Hardness:

4½ on Mohs scale

Fracture:

Conchoidal

Density:

5.39(6) g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of PhilipsborniteHide

Type:

Uniaxial (+/-)

RI values:

n_α = 1.79 n_β = 1.790(3)

Surface Relief:

Unknown

Comments:

Biaxial in pseudocubic sectors, anomalously isotropic

Chemistry of PhilipsborniteHide

Mindat Formula:

PbAl₃(AsO₄)(AsO₃OH)(OH)₆

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
O	33.480 %
Pb	30.970 %
As	22.397 %
Al	12.099 %
H	1.055 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Al, As, H, O, Pb - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of PhilipsborniteHide

Crystal System:

Trigonal

Class (H-M):

3m(32/m) - Hexagonal Scalenohedral

Space Group:

R3m

Setting:

R3m

Cell Parameters:

a = 7.13(4) Å, c = 17.11(6) Å

Ratio:

a:c = 1 : 2.4

Unit Cell V:

753.29 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0020243	Philipsbornite	Cooper M A, Hawthorne F C (2012) Refinement of the crystal structure of zoned philipsbornite-hidalgoite from the Tsumeb mine, Namibia, and hydrogen bonding in the D2+G3+3(T5+O4)(TO3OH)(OH)6 alunite structures Mineralogical Magazine 76 839-849		2012	Tsumeb mine, Namibia	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Philipsbornite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Cooper M A'
'Hawthorne F C'
_journal_name_full 'Mineralogical Magazine'
_journal_volume 76 
_journal_year 2012
_journal_page_first 839
_journal_page_last 849
_publ_section_title
;
 Refinement of the crystal structure of zoned philipsbornite-hidalgoite from the
 Tsumeb mine, Namibia, and hydrogen bonding in the D2+G3+3(T5+O4)(TO3OH)(OH)6
 alunite structures
;
_database_code_amcsd 0020243
_chemical_compound_source 'Tsumeb mine, Namibia'
_chemical_formula_sum 'Pb (Al2.55 Fe.45) (As1.64 S.36) O14 H7'
_cell_length_a 7.1142
_cell_length_b 7.1142
_cell_length_c 17.0973
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 120
_cell_volume 749.394
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      4.431
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'R -3 m'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '2/3+x,1/3+y,1/3+z'
  '1/3+x,2/3+y,2/3+z'
  'x,x-y,z'
  '2/3+x,1/3+x-y,1/3+z'
  '1/3+x,2/3+x-y,2/3+z'
  'y,x,-z'
  '2/3+y,1/3+x,1/3-z'
  '1/3+y,2/3+x,2/3-z'
  '-x+y,y,z'
  '2/3-x+y,1/3+y,1/3+z'
  '1/3-x+y,2/3+y,2/3+z'
  '-x,-x+y,-z'
  '2/3-x,1/3-x+y,1/3-z'
  '1/3-x,2/3-x+y,2/3-z'
  '-y,-x,z'
  '2/3-y,1/3-x,1/3+z'
  '1/3-y,2/3-x,2/3+z'
  'x-y,-y,-z'
  '2/3+x-y,1/3-y,1/3-z'
  '1/3+x-y,2/3-y,2/3-z'
  'y,-x+y,-z'
  '2/3+y,1/3-x+y,1/3-z'
  '1/3+y,2/3-x+y,2/3-z'
  '-x+y,-x,z'
  '2/3-x+y,1/3-x,1/3+z'
  '1/3-x+y,2/3-x,2/3+z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
  '2/3-x,1/3-y,1/3-z'
  '1/3-x,2/3-y,2/3-z'
  '-y,x-y,z'
  '2/3-y,1/3+x-y,1/3+z'
  '1/3-y,2/3+x-y,2/3+z'
  'x-y,x,-z'
  '2/3+x-y,1/3+x,1/3-z'
  '1/3+x-y,2/3+x,2/3-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
Pb   0.02700   0.00000   0.00000   0.16667   0.02500
Al   0.50000   0.00000   0.50000   0.85000   0.00880
Fe   0.50000   0.00000   0.50000   0.15000   0.00880
As   0.00000   0.00000   0.30936   0.82000   0.00980
S   0.00000   0.00000   0.30936   0.18000   0.00980
O-H1   0.00000   0.00000   0.59430   0.50000   0.01850
O1   0.00000   0.00000   0.59430   0.50000   0.01850
O2   0.20730   0.79270  -0.05806   1.00000   0.01310
O3   0.12428   0.87572   0.14032   1.00000   0.01020
H3   0.19700   0.80300   0.11700   1.00000   0.03100
loop_
_atom_site_aniso_label
_atom_site_aniso_U_11
_atom_site_aniso_U_22
_atom_site_aniso_U_33
_atom_site_aniso_U_12
_atom_site_aniso_U_13
_atom_site_aniso_U_23
Pb 0.02800 0.02900 0.01730 0.01400 -0.00070 -0.00150
Al 0.00910 0.00650 0.00990 0.00330 0.00010 0.00030
Fe 0.00910 0.00650 0.00990 0.00330 0.00010 0.00030
As 0.00870 0.00870 0.01190 0.00433 0.00000 0.00000
S 0.00870 0.00870 0.01190 0.00433 0.00000 0.00000
O-H1 0.01770 0.01770 0.02000 0.00890 0.00000 0.00000
O1 0.01770 0.01770 0.02000 0.00890 0.00000 0.00000
O2 0.01550 0.01550 0.01080 0.00970 -0.00040 0.00040
O3 0.00830 0.00830 0.01360 0.00380 0.00110 -0.00110

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
3.042 Å	(100)
5.85 Å	(60)
3.592 Å	(50)
2.281 Å	(30)
1.944 Å	(30)
5.73 Å	(20)
3.538 Å	(20)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event	<2.4
47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates]
47d : [Arsenates, antimonates, selenates, bismuthinates]

Type Occurrence of PhilipsborniteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Red Lead Mine, Dundas mineral field, Zeehan mining district, West Coast municipality, Tasmania, Australia

General Appearance of Type Material:

usually as massive to earthy crusts.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 148463.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Crocoite

Gorceixite

Hidalgoite

Reference:

Synonyms of PhilipsborniteHide

IMA1981-029

Other Language Names for PhilipsborniteHide

Dutch:Philipsborniet

German:Philipsbornit

Relationship of Philipsbornite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Dussertite Group > Alunite Supergroup

Other Members of Dussertite Group:

Arsenocrandallite	CaAl₃(AsO₄)(AsO₃OH)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m)
Arsenoflorencite-(Ce)	CeAl₃(AsO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
Arsenoflorencite-(La)	LaAl₃(AsO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
'Arsenoflorencite-(Nd)'	NdAl₃(AsO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trig.
Arsenogorceixite	BaAl₃(AsO₄)(AsO₃OH)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
Arsenogoyazite	SrAl₃(AsO₄)(AsO₃OH)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
'Arsenowaylandite'	BiAl₃(AsO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trig.
Dussertite	BaFe³⁺₃(AsO₄)(AsO₃OH)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
Graulichite-(Ce)	CeFe³⁺₃(AsO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
Graulichite-(La)	LaFe³⁺₃(AsO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
Karlseifertite	Pb(Ga₂Ge)(AsO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
Segnitite	PbFe³⁺₃AsO₄(AsO₃OH)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m

Forms a series with:

Plumbogummite	Philipsbornite-Plumbogummite Series
Segnitite	Philipsbornite-Segnitite Series

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

33 photos of Philipsbornite associated with Mimetite	Pb₅(AsO₄)₃Cl
21 photos of Philipsbornite associated with Carminite	PbFe³⁺₂(AsO₄)₂(OH)₂
16 photos of Philipsbornite associated with Duftite	PbCu(AsO₄)(OH)
15 photos of Philipsbornite associated with Crocoite	PbCr⁶⁺O₄
12 photos of Philipsbornite associated with Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
10 photos of Philipsbornite associated with Bayldonite	PbCu₃(AsO₄)₂(OH)₂
6 photos of Philipsbornite associated with Connellite	Cu₁₉(SO₄)(OH)₃₂Cl₄ · 3H₂O
6 photos of Philipsbornite associated with Quartz	SiO₂
5 photos of Philipsbornite associated with Osarizawaite	Pb(Al₂Cu²⁺)(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
5 photos of Philipsbornite associated with Azurite	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

8.BL.	Kiryuite	NaMnAl(PO₄)F₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
8.BL.	Metaheimite	PbCu₂(AsO₄)(OH)₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
8.BL.	Graulichite-(La)	LaFe³⁺₃(AsO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.	Cloudite	BaFe³⁺₃(PO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.	Oberwolfachite	SrFe³⁺₃(AsO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.	Arsenobenauite	SrFe³⁺₃(AsO₄)(AsO₃OH)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.05	Gallobeudantite	PbGa₃(AsO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m : R3m
8.BL.05	Slottaite	SrFe³⁺₃(PO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.05	Corkite	PbFe³⁺₃(PO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.05	Hidalgoite	PbAl₃(AsO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m : R3m
8.BL.05	Hinsdalite	PbAl₃(PO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.05	'UM2011-07-POSO:AlBaH'	BaAl₃(PO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆
8.BL.05	Kemmlitzite	SrAl₃(AsO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.05	Beudantite	PbFe³⁺₃(AsO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.05	Weilerite	BaAl₃(AsO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆	Hex.
8.BL.05	Woodhouseite	CaAl₃(PO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.05	Svanbergite	SrAl₃(PO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.10	Segnitite	PbFe³⁺₃AsO₄(AsO₃OH)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.10	Arsenogoyazite	SrAl₃(AsO₄)(AsO₃OH)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.10	Arsenogorceixite	BaAl₃(AsO₄)(AsO₃OH)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.10	Dussertite	BaFe³⁺₃(AsO₄)(AsO₃OH)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.10	Galloplumbogummite	Pb(Ga,Al,Ge)₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trig. 3m : R3m
8.BL.10	Stibiosegnitite	Pb(Fe³⁺_2.5Sb⁵⁺_0.5)(AsO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.10 va	'Viséite'
8.BL.10	Arsenocrandallite	CaAl₃(AsO₄)(AsO₃OH)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m)
8.BL.10	Benauite	SrFe³⁺₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.10	Crandallite	CaAl₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.10	Springcreekite	BaV³⁺₃(PO₄)₂(OH,H₂O)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.10	Eylettersite	Th_0.75Al₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.10	Kintoreite	PbFe₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.10	Plumbogummite	PbAl₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.10	Gorceixite	BaAl₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆	Mon. m : Bm
8.BL.10	Goyazite	SrAl₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.13	Florencite-(Ce)	CeAl₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.13	Florencite-(La)	LaAl₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.13	Florencite-(Nd)	NdAl₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.13	Zaïrite	BiFe³⁺₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.13	Arsenoflorencite-(La)	LaAl₃(AsO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.13	'Arsenoflorencite-(Nd)'	NdAl₃(AsO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trig.
8.BL.13	'Unnamed (As-analogue of Zaïrite)'	(Bi,Pb)Fe³⁺₃(AsO₄)₂(OH)₆
8.BL.13	Arsenoflorencite-(Ce)	CeAl₃(AsO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.13	Graulichite-(Ce)	CeFe³⁺₃(AsO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.13	'Arsenowaylandite'	BiAl₃(AsO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trig.
8.BL.13	Waylandite	BiAl₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.13	Florencite-(Sm)	SmAl₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.15	Viitaniemiite	Na(Ca,Mn²⁺)Al(PO₄)(F,OH)₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
8.BL.25	Pattersonite	PbFe³⁺₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₅ · H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for PhilipsborniteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-3190.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

Mineral Dealers:

Buy from D. Joyce minerals

References for PhilipsborniteHide

Reference List:

American Mineralogist (1982): 67: 859.

Schwab, R.G., Götz, C., Herold, H., Pinto de Oliveira, N. (1991) Compounds of the crandallite type: Synthesis and properties of pure (Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb, La, Ce to Eu) - arsenocrandallites. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte: 1991: 97-112.

Sejkora, J., Čejka, J., Šrein, V., Novotná, M., Ederová, J. (1998) Minerals of the plumbogummite-philipsbornite series from Moldava deposit. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Monatshefte, 1998. 145-163

(2005) Philipsbornite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Cooper, M. A., Hawthorne, F. C. (2012) Refinement of the crystal structure of zoned philipsbornite–hidalgoite from the Tsumeb mine, Namibia, and hydrogen bonding in the D²⁺G³⁺₃(T⁵⁺O₄)(TO₃OH)(OH)₆ alunite structures. Mineralogical Magazine, 76 (4). 839-849 doi:10.1180/minmag.2012.076.4.02

Števko, Martin, Dolníček, Zdeněk (2021) New data on minerals of the hidalgoite-philipsbornite series from the Guatomo mine near Tham Thalu, Yala Province (Thailand) Bulletin Mineralogie Petrologie, 29 (2) 270-274 doi:10.46861/bmp.29.270

Localities for PhilipsborniteHide

Showing 87 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Australia
New South Wales Gough Co. Elsmore ⓘ ~~Elsmore Tin Mine (Elsmore Tin lodes)~~	Rankin et al. (2002)
Robinson Co. Cobar ⓘ Endeavor Mine (Elura Mine)	Leverett et al. (2005)
ⓘ Great Cobar Mine (Cobar copper mine)	Leverett et al. (2005)
ⓘ New Cobar Mine (Cobar gold mine; Jubilee) ?	Leverett et al. (2003)
ⓘ Spotted Leopard Mine	Leverett et al. (2005)
Yancowinna Co. Broken Hill district Broken Hill Broken Hill South Mine (BHS Mine; South Mine) ⓘ Kintore opencut	Birch et al. (1997)
Tasmania Dorset municipality Forester Forester goldfield ⓘ Linton mine	Bottrill et al. (2008)
West Coast municipality Zeehan mining district ⓘ Dundas mineral field	Haupt (1988)
ⓘ Adelaide Mine	Bottrill et al. (2008)
ⓘ Kosminsky Mine ?	ID on specimen by Ross Pogson
ⓘ Red Lead Mine (TL)	Walenta et al. (1982) +1 other reference
Victoria East Gippsland Shire Bendoc ⓘ Mount Bendoc	Museum Victoria collections
Western Australia Ashburton Shire ⓘ Ashburton Downs Station	Nickel et al. (1993)
ⓘ Bali Lo copper mine (Casleys prospect; Bali Low prospect)	Australian J. Mineralogy 13 (1)
ⓘ Mineral Claim 84 Cu deposit (Anticline prospect)	Nickel et al. (1993)
Wyloo Station ⓘ Mount Clement deposit	Ferguson (1999)
ⓘ East prospect	Ferguson (1999)

Austria
Carinthia Spittal an der Drau District Malta Kölnbreinspitze - Lausnock area Petereck ⓘ Wastlkar	Auer (2026)
Lower Austria Wiener Neustadt-Land District Wiesmath ⓘ Sperkerriegel	Kolitsch et al. (2010)

Belgium
Wallonia Luxembourg Vielsalm Grand-Halleux ⓘ Hourt quarry	Dehove et al. (2006)

Chile
Atacama Chañaral Province Mantos de Oro mining district ⓘ Chimberos mine	T. Kampf analysis
Copiapó Province Copiapó ⓘ Capitana Mine	SEM-EDS +1 other reference
Tierra Amarilla Pampa Larga mining district ⓘ Maria Catalina mine	Yang et al. (2011)

Czech Republic
Karlovy Vary Region ⓘ Jáchymov ore district	Sejkora et al. (2011)
Karlovy Vary District Jáchymov ⓘ Rovnost Mine	Sejkora et al. (2011)
Liberec Region ⓘ North Bohemian Uranium District	Scharm +7 other references
Ústí nad Labem Region Teplice District Moldava ⓘ Moldava deposit	Sejkora (1994) +1 other reference

Europe
Ore Mountains ⓘ Zinnwald-Cínovec mining region	Jansa et al. (1998) +1 other reference

France
Bourgogne-Franche-Comté Nièvre Château-Chinon Larochemillay ⓘ Les Rompas	Gourault et al. (2021)
Villapourçon ⓘ Le Prabis	Gourault et al. (2021)
Occitanie Gard Alès Laval-Pradel ⓘ Mas Dieu	Favreau et al. (1999)
Tarn Castres Fontrieu Fumade ⓘ Phosphate occurrence	Didier Baissières specimen - EDX ...
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Var Toulon Le Pradet ⓘ Cap Garonne Mine	Mills et al. (2007) +1 other reference
ⓘ North mine	CLAUDE jean-marie : trouvaille et ...

Germany
Baden-Württemberg Freiburg Region Ortenaukreis Gengenbach Gengenbach ⓘ Silberbrünnle Mine	Wittern (2001) +1 other reference
Oberwolfach ⓘ Clara Mine	Walenta (1992)
Seelbach Seelbach Weiler ⓘ Michael Mine	Walenta (1989) +1 other reference
Lower Saxony Goslar District Clausthal-Zellerfeld Oberschulenberg ⓘ Glücksrad Mine	Gröbner (2007)
Rhineland-Palatinate Altenkirchen Altenkirchen-Flammersfeld Bürdenbach ⓘ Louise Mine	Johannes Markus Henrich +2 other references
Daaden-Herdorf Herdorf ⓘ Wolf Mine	Henrich et al. (2024)
Rhein-Lahn-Kreis ⓘ Bad Ems-Nassau	Wittern (2001)
Westerwaldkreis Wirges Dernbach ⓘ Schöne Aussicht Mine	SEM-EDS by Joy Desor
Saxony Mittelsachsen Sayda ⓘ Altväter samt Eschig Mine	Witzke (2012)

Greece
Attica East Attica Lavreotiki Agios Konstantinos (Kamariza) Kamariza mines (Kamareza mines) ⓘ Isabelle Mine	Chukanov et al. (2007)
Mercati mines ⓘ Christiana Mine
ⓘ Christiana Mine No. 132	Gröbner (2001)

Hungary
Fejér County Gárdony District Sukoró ⓘ Likas kő	Szakáll

Italy
Lombardy Lecco Province Introbio ⓘ Zucco di Cam mineralization	Vergani et al. (2020)
Valsassina Introbio ⓘ Valbona Mine (Zuc di Valbona Mine)	Vergani et al. (2020)
Varese Province Cuasso al Monte Cuasso al Piano ⓘ Bonomi Quarry	Gentile et al. (2023)
Sardinia South Sardinia Province Gonnosfanadiga Fenugu Sibiri Mine ⓘ Pira Inferida	Caboni et al. (2018)

Japan
Gifu Prefecture Nakatsugawa City Hirukawa ⓘ Tohgane mine (Togane mine)	Petrov (n.d.)
Gunma Prefecture Tone District Katashina ⓘ Kurumazawa	Yamada (2005)
Tochigi Prefecture Nikko City ⓘ Okorogawa mine	Yamada (2004)
Shioya District Shioya ⓘ Nikko mine	Akira Kato (2009)

Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet Region Ouarzazate Province Ouarzazate Cercle Skoura Caïdat ⓘ Tagmout deposit	Georges FAVREAU collection & EDX ...

Namibia
Oshikoto Region Tsumeb ⓘ Tsumeb Mine (Ongopolo Mine)	[MinRec 13:143

Norway
Nordland Sørfold ⓘ Tennvatn pegmatite	Husdal (2011)
Vestfold Larvik Commune Tvedalen Tuften ⓘ A/S Granit Quarry	Larsen (2013)

Poland
Lower Silesian Voivodeship Kamienna Góra County Gmina Kamienna Góra Rędziny ⓘ Dolomitic marble quarry	Gołębiowska B. & Pieczka A. 2002: A polymetallic assemblage with Pb-Bi (Sb)
Kłodzko County Gmina Stronie Śląskie ⓘ Kletno	Macioch et al. (2018)

Portugal
Beja Almodôvar Almodôvar e Graça dos Padrões ⓘ Cerro do Algaré Mine	Alves (n.d.)
Viana do Castelo Ponte de Lima Estorãos ⓘ Lagoa Mine (Cerquido Mine)	Alves (n.d.)

Republic of the Congo
Bouenza Department Mfouati District Mfouati ⓘ Yanga Koubenza quarry	Praszkier (2026)

Russia
Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Iultinsky District ⓘ Kuiviveem–Pyrkakai ore district	Alekseev et al. (2015)
Zabaykalsky Krai Nerchinsky District Adun-Cholon Range ⓘ Sherlova Gora	Kasatkin et al. (2014)

Slovakia
Košice Region Gelnica District Prakovce ⓘ Zimná Voda uranium occurrence	Ondrejka et al. (2024)

South Africa
Limpopo Sekhukhune District Municipality Ephraim Mogale Local Municipality Marble Hall ⓘ Stavoren-Mute Fides	Robert O. Meyer collection +2 other references
North West Bojanala Platinum District Municipality Madibeng Local Municipality Brits ⓘ Slipfontein	Atanasova et al. (2016)

Spain
Andalusia Almería Cuevas del Almanzora Sierra Almagrera ⓘ Golosina mine	Georges FAVREAU collection and EDX ...
Tíjola ⓘ Las Cocotas Mine	García Guirado (2016)
Córdoba Cardeña Azuel ⓘ María Juana mine (Marijuana mine)	Calvo Rebollar et al. (2022)
Castile and Leon Zamora Losacio ⓘ Cogullas hill	Calvo Sevillano et al. (2012)
Extremadura Badajoz Oliva de Mérida ⓘ Osa Quarry	Sainz de Baranda Graf et al. (2023)
Valle de la Serena ⓘ San Nicolás Mine	Sainz de Baranda Graf (2013)

Switzerland
Glarus Glarus Nord Mürtschenalp Chalttal area ⓘ Grosses Chalttal	Roth et al. (2025)
ⓘ Hochmättli	Roth et al. (2022)
Valais Sierre Anniviers Saint-Luc ⓘ Gosan Mine	Ansermet et al. (2021)

Thailand
Phang Nga Province Thai Mueang Lam Phi Chang Non ⓘ Quartz vein	Shen (n.d.) +1 other reference
Yala Province Bannang Sata District Tham Thalu ⓘ Guatomo Mine ('Hat Yai' mimetite locality)	RRUFF sample R070065 +3 other references

UK
England Cornwall Gwennap ⓘ Wheal Unity	Green et al. (2005 )
St Hilary ⓘ Penberthy Croft Mine	Steve Rust collection

USA
Arizona Coconino County Grandview Mining District Horseshoe Mesa ⓘ Grandview Mine	Michael Cline Collection
Montana Granite County Philipsburg Mining District (Flint Creek Mining District) ⓘ Black Pine Mine	Gobla (2012) +1 other reference
Nevada Lincoln County Silver King Mining District ⓘ Silver King mine	In the collection of Alex Earl
Washington Stevens County Springdale Mining District ⓘ Cleveland Mine	Analysis by Joy Desor

Zimbabwe
Midlands Gokwe North District ⓘ Sanyati Mine	Vetter et al. (1999) +1 other reference

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Philipsbornite

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