Gorceixite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Gorceixite
Claude Henri Gorceix
Formula:
BaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
Colour:
White, colorless, green or brown, may be mottled; colourless in transmitted light..
Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Waxy
Hardness:
6
Specific Gravity:
3.036 - 3.185
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1906 by Eugen Hussak in honor of Claude Henri "Henrique" Gorceix (1842 Saint Denis-des-Murs, Haute Vienne, France - September 6, 1919, Paris, France), professor at Ecole des Mines in Paris, France. Invited to be the first Director of the School of Mines at Ouro Preto, Brazil (1874-1891). Buried at Ouro Preto.
Type Locality:
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1727
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1727:1
IMA Classification of Gorceixite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
First published:
1906
Classification of Gorceixite
8.BL.10
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
L : With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 3:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
L : With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 3:1
42.7.3.2
42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
7 : (AB)2(XO4)Zq·xH2O
42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
7 : (AB)2(XO4)Zq·xH2O
19.5.10
19 : Phosphates
5 : Phosphates of Sr and Ba
19 : Phosphates
5 : Phosphates of Sr and Ba
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Gcx | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Gorceixite
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Waxy
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
White, colorless, green or brown, may be mottled; colourless in transmitted light..
Streak:
White
Hardness:
6 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
None Observed
Fracture:
Conchoidal, Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
3.036 - 3.185 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.389 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Gorceixite
Type:
Uniaxial (+)
RI values:
nω = 1.610 - 1.618 nε = 1.620 - 1.625
Birefringence:
0.008
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.007 - 0.010
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized uniaxial interference figure - the conoscopic
(convergent-light, Bertrand-lens-in) view, for a grain cut with the optic axis
centred and vertical. The coloured rings are isochromatics, computed with the
same physics as the Michel-Lévy bar above; the dark cross is the isogyre.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
Chemistry of Gorceixite
Mindat Formula:
BaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Gorceixite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
m - Domatic
Space Group:
Bm
Setting:
Cm
Cell Parameters:
a = 12.18 Å, b = 7.03 Å, c = 7.03 Å
β = 125.3°
β = 125.3°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.733 : 1 : 1
Unit Cell V:
491.27 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Pseudo-cubic or pseudorhombohedral. Grains and pebbles (favas) that are, in part, microcrystalline.
Comment:
Pseudorhombohedral. Some samples are apparently rhombohedral, however (a = 7.0538(3), c = 17.2746(6) A, Z = 3, V = 744.4(2) A3; Dzikowski et al., 2006).
Crystal Structure
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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0006097 | Gorceixite | Dzikowski T J, Groat L A, Jambor J L (2006) The symmetry and crystal structure of gorceixite, BaAl3[PO3(O,OH)]2(OH)6, a member of the alunite supergroup The Canadian Mineralogist 44 951-958 |  | 2006 | Rapid Creek area, Yukon Territory, Canada | 0 | 293 |
| 0014770 | Gorceixite | Radoslovich E W (1982) Refinement of gorceixite structure in Cm Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1982 446-464 | 1982 | New South Wales | 0 | 293 | |
| 0014763 | Gorceixite | Radoslovich E W, Slade P G (1980) Pseudo-trigonal symmetry and the structure of gorceixite Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1980 157-170 | 1980 | Glen Alice area, New South Wales, Australia | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 5.769 Å | (93) |
| 3.529 Å | (56) |
| 3.010 Å | (100) |
| 2.292 Å | (39) |
| 2.232 Å | (23) |
| 1.9197 Å | (29) |
| 1.7626 Å | (20) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits | |
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 36 : Carbonatites, kimberlites, and related igneous rocks | |
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates] | |
| Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere | <0.6 |
| 48 : Soil leaching zone minerals | <0.6 |
Geological Setting:
Granite pegmatites,sedimentary phosphates beds, carbonatites, iron ore deposits, polymetallic veins, baryte-fluorite veins.
Type Occurrence of Gorceixite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Rounded nodules in sediment.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Muséum Nationale d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Stream pebbles "favas".
Synonyms of Gorceixite
Other Language Names for Gorceixite
Relationship of Gorceixite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Plumbogummite Group:
| Arsenobenauite | SrFe3+3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)6 | Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m |
| Benauite | SrFe3+3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 | Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m |
| Crandallite | CaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 | Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m |
| Eylettersite | Th0.75Al3(PO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m |
| Florencite-(Ce) | CeAl3(PO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m |
| Florencite-(La) | LaAl3(PO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m |
| Florencite-(Nd) | NdAl3(PO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m |
| Florencite-(Sm) | SmAl3(PO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m |
| Galloplumbogummite | Pb(Ga,Al,Ge)3(PO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. 3m : R3m |
| Goyazite | SrAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 | Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m |
| Kintoreite | PbFe3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 | Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m |
| 'Kintoreite-2c' | PbFe3+3(PO4)2(OH,H2O)6 | |
| Plumbogummite | PbAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 | Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m |
| Springcreekite | BaV3+3(PO4)2(OH,H2O)6 | Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m |
| 'UM2006-23-PO:AlBiCaFeH' | (Ca,Bi)(Fe,Al)3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 | |
| 'Unnamed (As-analogue of Zaïrite)' | (Bi,Pb)Fe3+3(AsO4)2(OH)6 | |
| Waylandite | BiAl3(PO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m |
| Zaïrite | BiFe3+3(PO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 31 photos of Gorceixite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 16 photos of Gorceixite associated with Arseniosiderite | Ca2Fe3+3(AsO4)3O2 · 3H2O |
| 12 photos of Gorceixite associated with Goethite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| 11 photos of Gorceixite associated with Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| 9 photos of Gorceixite associated with Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| 8 photos of Gorceixite associated with Lazulite | MgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8 photos of Gorceixite associated with Cinnabar | HgS |
| 7 photos of Gorceixite associated with Baryte | BaSO4 |
| 7 photos of Gorceixite associated with Turquoise | CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O |
| 6 photos of Gorceixite associated with Siderite | FeCO3 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.BL. | Kiryuite | NaMnAl(PO4)F3 |
| 8.BL. | Metaheimite | PbCu2(AsO4)(OH)3 |
| 8.BL. | Graulichite-(La) | LaFe3+3(AsO4)2(OH)6 |
| 8.BL. | Cloudite | BaFe3+3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL. | Oberwolfachite | SrFe3+3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL. | Arsenobenauite | SrFe3+3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.05 | Gallobeudantite | PbGa3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.05 | Slottaite | SrFe3+3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.05 | Corkite | PbFe3+3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.05 | Hidalgoite | PbAl3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.05 | Hinsdalite | PbAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.05 | 'UM2011-07-POSO:AlBaH' | BaAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.05 | Kemmlitzite | SrAl3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.05 | Beudantite | PbFe3+3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.05 | Weilerite | BaAl3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.05 | Woodhouseite | CaAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.05 | Svanbergite | SrAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.10 | Segnitite | PbFe3+3AsO4(AsO3OH)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.10 | Arsenogoyazite | SrAl3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.10 | Arsenogorceixite | BaAl3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.10 | Dussertite | BaFe3+3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.10 | Galloplumbogummite | Pb(Ga,Al,Ge)3(PO4)2(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.10 | Stibiosegnitite | Pb(Fe3+2.5Sb5+0.5)(AsO4)2(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.10 va | 'Viséite' | |
| 8.BL.10 | Arsenocrandallite | CaAl3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.10 | Benauite | SrFe3+3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.10 | Philipsbornite | PbAl3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.10 | Crandallite | CaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.10 | Springcreekite | BaV3+3(PO4)2(OH,H2O)6 |
| 8.BL.10 | Eylettersite | Th0.75Al3(PO4)2(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.10 | Kintoreite | PbFe3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.10 | Plumbogummite | PbAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.10 | Goyazite | SrAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.13 | Florencite-(Ce) | CeAl3(PO4)2(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.13 | Florencite-(La) | LaAl3(PO4)2(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.13 | Florencite-(Nd) | NdAl3(PO4)2(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.13 | Zaïrite | BiFe3+3(PO4)2(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.13 | Arsenoflorencite-(La) | LaAl3(AsO4)2(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.13 | 'Arsenoflorencite-(Nd)' | NdAl3(AsO4)2(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.13 | 'Unnamed (As-analogue of Zaïrite)' | (Bi,Pb)Fe3+3(AsO4)2(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.13 | Arsenoflorencite-(Ce) | CeAl3(AsO4)2(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.13 | Graulichite-(Ce) | CeFe3+3(AsO4)2(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.13 | 'Arsenowaylandite' | BiAl3(AsO4)2(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.13 | Waylandite | BiAl3(PO4)2(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.13 | Florencite-(Sm) | SmAl3(PO4)2(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.15 | Viitaniemiite | Na(Ca,Mn2+)Al(PO4)(F,OH)3 |
| 8.BL.25 | Pattersonite | PbFe3+3(PO4)2(OH)5 · H2O |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Gorceixite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1727.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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Mineral Dealers:
References for Gorceixite
Reference List:
McKie, Duncan (1962) Goyazite and florencite from two African carbonatites. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 33 (259) 281-297 doi:10.1180/minmag.1962.033.259.03
Blanchard, Frank N. (1989) New X-Ray Powder Data for Gorceixite, BaAl3(PO4)2(OH)5·H2O, an Evaluation of d-Spacings and Intensities, Pseudosymmetry and Its Influence on the Figure of Merit. Powder Diffraction, 4 (4). 227-230 doi:10.1017/s0885715600013804
Jambor, John L. (1999) Nomenclature of the alunite supergroup. The Canadian Mineralogist, 37 (6). 1323-1341
Dzikowski, T. J., Groat, L. A., Jambor, J. L. (2006) The symmetry and crystal structure of gorceixite, BaAl3[PO3(O,OH)]2(OH)6, a member of the alunite supergroup. The Canadian Mineralogist, 44 (4) 951-958 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.44.4.951
Localities for Gorceixite
Showing 167 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Harrowfield et al. (1981) +1 other reference |
| - (1997, December) |
| Pilkington et al. (1979) |
| Elliott et al. (2026) | |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| Ralph Bottrill et al in prep. +1 other reference |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) | |
| Lancaster +1 other reference |
| |
| Sergeev et al. (2024) |
| Lottermoser (1987) |
| Pearson et al. (1996) +1 other reference |
Austria | |
| Walter et al. (2020) |
| Walter et al. (2020) |
| Walter et al. (2026) |
| Pichler (2009) |
| Auer (2026) |
| Reicht et al. (2016) |
| Reicht et al. (2016) |
| Taucher (1995) | |
| Bernhard et al. (1999) +1 other reference |
| Bernhard et al. (2007) |
Brazil | |
| Premoli et al. (1981) +1 other reference |
| Orris et al. (2002) |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Ribeiro et al. (2005) +2 other references |
| Palache et al. (1951) | |
| Orris et al. (2002) +3 other references |
| Neumann et al. (2015) | |
| Nascimento et al. (2019) | |
| Palache et al. (1951) | |
| Waber (1991) |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Palache et al. (1951) | |
| Lee and de Moraes (1919) +1 other reference | |
| Palache et al. (1951) | |
| Diamond News +1 other reference | |
| Radoslovich (1982) |
| Waber (1991) |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Jelinek et al. (2003) |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Palache et al. (1951) | |
| Walter et al. (1995) |
Canada | |
| Peatfield (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Pell (1994) |
| Jennifer Pell (1994) | |
| Robinson et al. (1992) |
| Robinson et al. (1992) |
| 150-152. +2 other references | |
| Robinson et al. (1992) |
| Robinson et al. (1992) | |
| Collected by Rod Tyson | |
| Robinson et al. (1992) |
| University of British Columbia (Pacific Museum of the Earth) +2 other references |
China | |
| Li +4 other references |
| Zhang et al. (2025) |
| Qingmin Jin et al. (1992) |
| Wang et al. (2024) |
Czech Republic | |
| Horáková |
| Breiter K. |
| Scharm +7 other references |
| Novák |
| Němec D.: Ein Pegmatit mit Li-Mineralisierung von Dolní Bory in Westmahren (ČSSR) |
DR Congo | |
| Jedwab et al. (1992) |
Finland | |
| Ilkka Mikkola collection |
France | |
| Nicolas et al. (1963) +1 other reference |
| G. Aubert : "Les coupoles granitiques de Montebras et d'Echassières (Massif Central Français) +1 other reference | |
| Y. Vessely collection |
| Pierre Le Roch & Jean-Marc Johannet ... +1 other reference |
| Aubert (1969) +1 other reference | |
| Devismes (1978) |
| P. Le Roche |
| R. Pierrot |
| R. Pierrot |
| Wittern et al. (1997) |
| Pirard et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
| www.mine-capgaronne.fr (2003) |
Germany | |
| Walenta (1998) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| 58. +1 other reference |
| Meier (2000) +1 other reference |
| Dill (2008) |
| Dill et al. (2010) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Dill et al. (1995) |
| Aufschluß 76/2 & 88/5 |
| ... |
| Gröbner et al. (2011) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Leonhardt et al. (1991) |
Ghana | |
| Addae et al. (2026) |
| Gold Coast Geological Survey (1933) +1 other reference |
Greece | |
| Rieck et al. (1999) |
| Rieck et al. (2020) | |
| Rieck et al. (2020) |
| Voudouris et al. (2011) |
Guyana | |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
Hungary | |
| Szakáll & Gatter: Hun. Min. Spec. |
India | |
| Sivaprakash (1980) |
| Sivaprakash (1981) | |
| Pradhan et al. (2019) |
Italy | |
| Balestra C. (2014) +1 other reference |
| Bracco et al. (2016) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
Japan | |
| Nishio-Hamane et al. (2023) |
| Matsubara et al. (1998) |
Kazakhstan | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Ankinovich et al. (1997) |
Kenya | |
| Coetzee et al. (1959) +1 other reference |
Madagascar | |
| Berger et al. (2014) |
Morocco | |
| Malainine et al. (2025) |
Poland | |
| Kowalski et al. (1982) |
| Pieczka et al. (2013) +2 other references |
| KRUSZEWSKI et al. (2018) |
| Migaszewski et al. (2007) | |
Portugal | |
| Figueiras +3 other references | |
| Christian Rewitzer collection |
Russia | |
| Izbrodin et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
| Dubinina et al. (2011) |
| USGS Professional Paper 1765 |
| Liferovich et al. (1998) |
| Liferovich et al. (1998) |
| chemistry and genesis et al. (in Russian) +1 other reference |
| S.M. Kravchenko and B.G. Pokrovsky +1 other reference |
Slovakia | |
| Petrik et al. (2011) |
| Uher et al. |
| Uher et al. (2009) |
| Uher et al. (2009) |
| Martin Števko-unpublished |
| Uher et al. (2009) | |
South Africa | |
| Berger et al. (2009) |
| Harmer et al. (2016) | |
Sri Lanka | |
| Chandrakumara et al. (2021) |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1978) |
| Kolitsch et al. (1996) | |
Uganda | |
| Reedman (1984) |
UK | |
| Nat Hist Museum London & Steve Rust ... |
| Livingstone et al. (1983) |
Ukraine | |
| Kowalski et al. (1983) |
USA | |
| Dean (1995) |
| Hollabaugh et al. (1989) |
| Dean (1995) | |
| Dean (1995) |
| Cook et al. (1982) | |
| Cook et al. (1982) | |
| Cook et al. (1982) | |
| Cook et al. (1982) | |
| Smith (1988) |
| Kidwell (1981) | |
| Rocks & Min.: 63: 108. | |
| |
| King et al. (1994) |
| King et al. (1994) +1 other reference |
| AmMin 69:984 |
| Am Min 69:9-10 pp 1984-986 | |
| Silver Coin Mine. Compact Disc. Paul ... |
| Bernard et al. (2004) |
| Rocks & Min. (2007) |
Venezuela | |
| PARTS (1981) +1 other reference |
| Alfredo Petrov specimens |
Zimbabwe | |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
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Beauvoir quarry, Échassières, Vichy, Allier, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France