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Durham, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USAi
Regional Level Types
DurhamTown
Middlesex CountyCounty
ConnecticutState
USACountry

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Durham is a town incorporated in 1708, named for Durham, England. Geologically, it straddles the Eastern Border Fault of the Triassic-Jurassic Hartford Basin (filled with continental conglomerates, sandstones, mudstones, organic-rich lacustrian shale and basalt) on the west and the Eastern Uplands of Connecticut (underlain locally by schist, gneiss and pegmatites) on the east. The variety of minerals found in town reflect the vastly different mineral-forming geo-environments on either side of the fault. Some of the sandstone of the Jurassic Portland Formation (known locally as brownstone) was quarried in the 19th century on either side of what is now state Route 17 near its intersection with state Route 68 and Maiden Lane. The eastern end of the former was once known as Quarry Street. Only vegetated escarpments remain. A major quarry in the Jurassic Holyoke Basalt (trap rock) is situated south of Reed's Gap in the cuesta ridge formed by the basalt on the western town border with neighboring Wallingford. Many unquarried pegmatites underlie topographic knobs, such as Moutn Pisgah, within the area known as Mica Hills between state Routes 77 and 79. There are a couple of pegmatite mineral prospects in that area.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

34 valid minerals.

* - Minerals that have never been found, but their existence is inferred in some way (e.g. from pseudomorphs)

Detailed Mineral List:

Albite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
Almandine
Formula: Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3
Habit: trapezohedral
Colour: maroon
Description: A few crystals near quartz segregations.
Analcime
Formula: Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Habit: trapezohedral
Colour: colorless
Description: As micro crystals in mineralized fractures with quartz.
Anhydrite
Formula: CaSO4
Habit: tabular
Description: Like at most trap rock localities, anhydrite crystallized early in the paragenesis in fractures and vesicles, but then dissolved away. Tabular molds in later-forming mineral assemblages (quartz, calcite, datolite) reveal its former presence.
'Apophyllite Group'
Formula: AB4[Si8O20]X · 8H2O
Aragonite
Formula: CaCO3
Augite
Formula: (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Habit: short prismatec
Colour: black
Description: With anorthite one of the two major rock-forming constituents of the basalt and normally very fine-grained and not of collector interest. However, euhedral phenocrysts to about 1 cm rarely occur.
Autunite
Formula: Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O
Babingtonite
Formula: Ca2Fe2+Fe3+Si5O14(OH)
Habit: complex prisms
Colour: black
Description: Micro crystals, but very specular and well formed.
Beryl
Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18)
Description: Beryl crystals are found in clusters in the poorly developed quartz core(s)
'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
Habit: scalenohedral, rhombohedral
Colour: white to clear
Fluorescence: magenta under all wavelengths but best under MW
Description: highly modified scalenohedrons (Brunet 1980)
'Chabazite'
'Chabazite var. Phacolite'
Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
Habit: small crystals and massive
Description: small bright crystals and massive
'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series'
'Columbite-Tantalite'
Description: This material is likely columbite-Fe since this species is common in the Collins Hill formation and because these pegmatites contain substantial Fe.
Datolite
Formula: CaB(SiO4)(OH)
Epidote
Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Fluorapatite
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3F
Fluorapophyllite-(K)
Formula: KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O
Habit: elongated prisms modified by pyramids and pinacoids or tabular dominated by pinacoids
Colour: colorless, pale pink to white or pale yellow (tabular aggregates)
Description: In fractures typically with calcite and datolite, crystals usually small <1 cm, as individual prismatic or botryoidal aggregates of tabular crystals that resemble typical prehnite aggregates except for their pale yellow color.
Fluorite
Formula: CaF2
Habit: octahedral
Colour: light ot medium green, purple
Fluorescence: blue under all wavelengths
Description: "Green octahedrons w/quartz and calcite crystals. Octahedrons up to ½” but larger broken crystals found. Also purple massive and micro crystals." Brunet (1980). Pawloski (2006) - crystals to 1.6 cm.
'Garnet Group'
Formula: X3Z2(SiO4)3
Description: Pegmatites contain substantial iron; therefore, this garnet may be almandine.
'Gmelinite Subgroup' ?
Description: This mineral is unknown from Connecticut trap rock. Likely confusion with chabazite variety phacolite.
Goethite
Formula: Fe3+O(OH)
Habit: botryoidal, fibrous
Colour: dark brown
Description: As tiny crystals and aggregates sprinkled on other minerals in mineralized fractures.
Gypsum
Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O
Gypsum var. Selenite
Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O
Hematite
Formula: Fe2O3
Habit: botryoidal
Colour: maroon
Description: As tiny flakes or hemispheres, commonly crystallized preferentially along the edges of scalenohedral calcite crystals and on and within their terminal areas.
Kyanite
Formula: Al2(SiO4)O
Laumontite
Formula: CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
Colour: flesh to pink
Description: "flesh-colored to pink laumontite were found. These crystals, occurring in vugs and on a few surfaces, are splintery and of matchstick size. Some vein material was also present. The largest specimen, 10 by 6 inches in size, contains excellent vug material associated with prehnite as well as veins of laumontite." Brunet (1980)
'Limonite'
Habit: massive
Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
Habit: Octahedral-dodecahedral
Description: Found in small pegmatite pods around the major pegmatite bodies.
Meta-autunite
Formula: Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O
Microcline
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
Habit: subhedral near quartz segregations.
Colour: white
Description: Part of the pegmatite matrix.
Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Opal
Formula: SiO2 · nH2O
Fluorescence: green
Opal var. Opal-AN
Formula: SiO2 · nH2O
Prehnite
Formula: Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
'Pumpellyite Subgroup' ?
Formula: Ca2XAl2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A
Colour: green
Description: Described by Yedlin (1962) as "fine green mounds of clinochlore", but most likely actually pumpellyite given its prevalence at other basalt quarries in the area.
Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
Habit: cubic
Description: Micro crystals.
Quartz
Formula: SiO2
Quartz var. Amethyst
Formula: SiO2
Quartz var. Blue Quartz
Formula: SiO2
Schorl
Formula: NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Description: Small crystals in the contact zone of the pegmatite and the country rock. Some schorls in the quartz core can be quite large (~10cm) and terminated
'Stilbite Subgroup'
Formula: M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
Habit: square edges lathlike
Stilpnomelane
Formula: K4Fe2+48[Si64Al8]O164(OH)52 · nH2O
Habit: botryoidal aggregates
Colour: bronze
Description: As tiny botryoidal aggregates on other minerals in fractures.
Titanite
Formula: CaTiO(SiO4)
'Tourmaline'
Formula: AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
Description: This material may be schorl based on the high Fe content of these pegmatites.
Uraninite
Formula: UO2
Uranophane
Formula: Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
Chalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
Pyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
Group 3 - Halides
Fluorite3.AB.25CaF2
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
Goethite4.00.Fe3+O(OH)
Magnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
Hematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
Quartz
var. Amethyst
4.DA.05SiO2
4.DA.05SiO2
var. Blue Quartz4.DA.05SiO2
Opal
var. Opal-AN
4.DA.10SiO2 · nH2O
4.DA.10SiO2 · nH2O
Uraninite4.DL.05UO2
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
Calcite5.AB.05CaCO3
Aragonite5.AB.15CaCO3
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
Anhydrite ?7.AD.30CaSO4
Gypsum7.CD.40CaSO4 · 2H2O
var. Selenite7.CD.40CaSO4 · 2H2O
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
Fluorapatite8.BN.05Ca5(PO4)3F
Autunite8.EB.05Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O
Meta-autunite8.EB.10Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O
Group 9 - Silicates
Almandine9.AD.25Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3
Kyanite9.AF.15Al2(SiO4)O
Titanite9.AG.15CaTiO(SiO4)
Datolite9.AJ.20CaB(SiO4)(OH)
Uranophane9.AK.15Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O
Epidote9.BG.05a(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Beryl9.CJ.05Be3Al2(Si6O18)
Schorl9.CK.05NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Augite9.DA.15(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Babingtonite9.DK.05Ca2Fe2+Fe3+Si5O14(OH)
Prehnite9.DP.20Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
Fluorapophyllite-(K)9.EA.15KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O
Muscovite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Stilpnomelane9.EG.40K4Fe2+48[Si64Al8]O164(OH)52 · nH2O
Microcline9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
Albite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
Analcime9.GB.05Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Laumontite9.GB.10CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
Unclassified
'Apophyllite Group'-AB4[Si8O20]X · 8H2O
'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
'Chabazite'-
'Gmelinite Subgroup' ?-
'Limonite'-
'Pumpellyite Subgroup' ?-Ca2XAl2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A
'Stilbite Subgroup'-M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
'Tourmaline'-AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series'-
'Garnet Group'-X3Z2(SiO4)3
'Columbite-Tantalite'-
'Chabazite
var. Phacolite'
-

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
H AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
H Apophyllite GroupAB4[Si8O20]X · 8H2O
H AutuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O
H BabingtoniteCa2Fe2+Fe3+Si5O14(OH)
H BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
H DatoliteCaB(SiO4)(OH)
H Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
H Fluorapophyllite-(K)KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O
H GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
H GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
H Opal var. Opal-ANSiO2 · nH2O
H LaumontiteCaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
H Meta-autuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O
H MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
H OpalSiO2 · nH2O
H PrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
H Pumpellyite SubgroupCa2XAl2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A
H SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
H Stilbite SubgroupM6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
H StilpnomelaneK4Fe482+[Si64Al8]O164(OH)52 · nH2O
H UranophaneCa(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O
H Gypsum var. SeleniteCaSO4 · 2H2O
BeBeryllium
Be BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
BBoron
B DatoliteCaB(SiO4)(OH)
B SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
B TourmalineAD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
CCarbon
C AragoniteCaCO3
C CalciteCaCO3
OOxygen
O AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
O Quartz var. AmethystSiO2
O AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
O AnhydriteCaSO4
O Apophyllite GroupAB4[Si8O20]X · 8H2O
O AragoniteCaCO3
O Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
O AutuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O
O AlmandineFe32+Al2(SiO4)3
O BabingtoniteCa2Fe2+Fe3+Si5O14(OH)
O BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
O BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
O CalciteCaCO3
O DatoliteCaB(SiO4)(OH)
O Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
O FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
O Fluorapophyllite-(K)KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O
O GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
O GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
O HematiteFe2O3
O Opal var. Opal-ANSiO2 · nH2O
O KyaniteAl2(SiO4)O
O LaumontiteCaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
O MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
O Meta-autuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O
O MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
O MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
O OpalSiO2 · nH2O
O PrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
O Pumpellyite SubgroupCa2XAl2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A
O QuartzSiO2
O SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
O Stilbite SubgroupM6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
O StilpnomelaneK4Fe482+[Si64Al8]O164(OH)52 · nH2O
O TitaniteCaTiO(SiO4)
O TourmalineAD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
O UraniniteUO2
O UranophaneCa(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O
O Gypsum var. SeleniteCaSO4 · 2H2O
O Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
O Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
O Quartz var. Blue QuartzSiO2
FFluorine
F BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
F FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
F Fluorapophyllite-(K)KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O
F FluoriteCaF2
NaSodium
Na AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Na AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Na SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
MgMagnesium
Mg Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Mg BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
AlAluminium
Al AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Al AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Al AlmandineFe32+Al2(SiO4)3
Al BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Al BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Al Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Al KyaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Al LaumontiteCaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
Al MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Al MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Al PrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
Al Pumpellyite SubgroupCa2XAl2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A
Al SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Al Stilbite SubgroupM6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
Al StilpnomelaneK4Fe482+[Si64Al8]O164(OH)52 · nH2O
SiSilicon
Si AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Si Quartz var. AmethystSiO2
Si AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Si Apophyllite GroupAB4[Si8O20]X · 8H2O
Si Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Si AlmandineFe32+Al2(SiO4)3
Si BabingtoniteCa2Fe2+Fe3+Si5O14(OH)
Si BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Si BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Si DatoliteCaB(SiO4)(OH)
Si Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Si Fluorapophyllite-(K)KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O
Si Opal var. Opal-ANSiO2 · nH2O
Si KyaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Si LaumontiteCaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
Si MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Si MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Si OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Si PrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
Si Pumpellyite SubgroupCa2XAl2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A
Si QuartzSiO2
Si SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Si Stilbite SubgroupM6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
Si StilpnomelaneK4Fe482+[Si64Al8]O164(OH)52 · nH2O
Si TitaniteCaTiO(SiO4)
Si UranophaneCa(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O
Si Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
Si Quartz var. Blue QuartzSiO2
PPhosphorus
P AutuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O
P FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
P Meta-autuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O
SSulfur
S AnhydriteCaSO4
S ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
S GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
S PyriteFeS2
S Gypsum var. SeleniteCaSO4 · 2H2O
KPotassium
K BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
K Fluorapophyllite-(K)KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O
K MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
K MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
K StilpnomelaneK4Fe482+[Si64Al8]O164(OH)52 · nH2O
CaCalcium
Ca AnhydriteCaSO4
Ca AragoniteCaCO3
Ca Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Ca AutuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O
Ca BabingtoniteCa2Fe2+Fe3+Si5O14(OH)
Ca CalciteCaCO3
Ca DatoliteCaB(SiO4)(OH)
Ca Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Ca FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Ca Fluorapophyllite-(K)KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O
Ca FluoriteCaF2
Ca GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Ca LaumontiteCaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
Ca Meta-autuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O
Ca PrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
Ca Pumpellyite SubgroupCa2XAl2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A
Ca TitaniteCaTiO(SiO4)
Ca UranophaneCa(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O
Ca Gypsum var. SeleniteCaSO4 · 2H2O
TiTitanium
Ti BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Ti TitaniteCaTiO(SiO4)
MnManganese
Mn Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
FeIron
Fe Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Fe AlmandineFe32+Al2(SiO4)3
Fe BabingtoniteCa2Fe2+Fe3+Si5O14(OH)
Fe BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Fe ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Fe Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Fe GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Fe HematiteFe2O3
Fe MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Fe PyriteFeS2
Fe SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Fe StilpnomelaneK4Fe482+[Si64Al8]O164(OH)52 · nH2O
Fe Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
CuCopper
Cu ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
NbNiobium
Nb Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
UUranium
U AutuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O
U Meta-autuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O
U UraniniteUO2
U UranophaneCa(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O

Fossils

This region is too big or complex to display the fossil list, try looking at smaller subregions.

Other Databases

Wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durham,_Connecticut
Wikidata ID:Q753859
GeoNames ID:4833139

Localities in this Region

Other Regions, Features and Areas that Intersect

North AmericaContinent
North America PlateTectonic Plate

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