Pitwak Mine, Sar-e-Sang River, Sar-e-Sang, Kuran wa Munjan District, Badakhshan, Afghanistani
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Pitwak Mine | Mine |
| Sar-e-Sang River | River |
| Sar-e-Sang | Skarn |
| Kuran wa Munjan District | District |
| Badakhshan | Province |
| Afghanistan | Country |
Pitwak Mine, Sar-e-Sang River, Sar-e-Sang, Kokcha Valley, Badakhshan, Afghanistan
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
36° 12' 41'' North , 70° 48' 8'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Type:
Köppen climate type:
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
Pitwik Mine, Pitawak Mine
This place cannot be located with certainty. It is either one of the portals in the near vertical string of adits in the first header picture or most probably it is all of them, as we have two different pictures of the mine entrance. It is on the north shore of the Sar-e-Sang River at the confluence with the Koksha.
Pitwik (Pitwak) is where the better gem-quality yellow or well-crystallized scapolites come from there (Dudley Blauwet, priv. comm. 2013) - see https://www.mindat.org/photo-1254567.html. They are from a gypsum diapir which requires a near vertical host structure as shown in the photos.
The orthoclase pseudomorphs after marialite are sometimes blue. So far the blue has avoided identification as a mineral. Please see: http://www.mindat.org/mesg-105-318134.html
The Pitawak mine is located on the eastern side of the entire Sar-e-Sang deposit and on the northern bank of the Sar-e-Sang river. Petawi or Pitawak (پیتوک) refers to the sun’s light directly shining on the mountain in the Dari language. Some previous studies referred to this area as Pitwak. This time, we confirmed the correct name of the mine with local people, who believed that Pitawak should be used as its exact name. Pitawak mine mainly produces lapis lazuli.
Pitwik (Pitwak) is where the better gem-quality yellow or well-crystallized scapolites come from there (Dudley Blauwet, priv. comm. 2013) - see https://www.mindat.org/photo-1254567.html. They are from a gypsum diapir which requires a near vertical host structure as shown in the photos.
The orthoclase pseudomorphs after marialite are sometimes blue. So far the blue has avoided identification as a mineral. Please see: http://www.mindat.org/mesg-105-318134.html
The Pitawak mine is located on the eastern side of the entire Sar-e-Sang deposit and on the northern bank of the Sar-e-Sang river. Petawi or Pitawak (پیتوک) refers to the sun’s light directly shining on the mountain in the Dari language. Some previous studies referred to this area as Pitwak. This time, we confirmed the correct name of the mine with local people, who believed that Pitawak should be used as its exact name. Pitawak mine mainly produces lapis lazuli.
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsCommodity List
This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.Mineral List
12 valid minerals. 1 erroneous literature entry.
Rock Types Recorded
Select Rock List Type
Alphabetical List Tree DiagramDetailed Mineral List:
| ⓘ Albite Formula: Na(AlSi3O8) Habit: Crystalline to crude xls Colour: white Description: PXRD confirmed References: |
| ⓘ Diopside Formula: CaMgSi2O6 Habit: crude prisms Colour: greenish white Fluorescence: none Description: PXRD confirmed References: |
| ⓘ Dolomite Formula: CaMg(CO3)2 References: Zhang, Dai; Chen, Liu-Run-Xuan; Shen, Hong-Tao; Liu, Yun-Gui; Qu, Zhi; Yang, Xiao-Qi; Yin, Hao-Nan; Hu, Yu-Kai; Hayat, Abul Basit; Zhang, Shi-Tao; et al. (2026) Gemological, Mineralogical and Spectral Characteristics of Forsterite from Pitawak Mine, Sar-e-Sang, Badakhshan, Afghanistan. Crystals, 16 (1). doi:10.3390/cryst16010048 |
| ⓘ Forsterite Formula: Mg2(SiO4) References: Zhang, Dai; Chen, Liu-Run-Xuan; Shen, Hong-Tao; Liu, Yun-Gui; Qu, Zhi; Yang, Xiao-Qi; Yin, Hao-Nan; Hu, Yu-Kai; Hayat, Abul Basit; Zhang, Shi-Tao; et al. (2026) Gemological, Mineralogical and Spectral Characteristics of Forsterite from Pitawak Mine, Sar-e-Sang, Badakhshan, Afghanistan. Crystals, 16 (1). doi:10.3390/cryst16010048 |
| ⓘ Gypsum Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O References: |
| ⓘ Haüyne ? Formula: Na3Ca(Si3Al3)O12(SO4) Colour: blue Fluorescence: none Description: Marialite pseudomorphs to blue: Lazurite?, sodalite? Hauyne? afghanite? or trace Fe impurities. see:
http://www.mindat.org/mesg-105-318134.html References: |
| ⓘ Lazurite Formula: Na7Ca(Al6Si6O24)(SO4)(S3) · H2O Colour: blue Fluorescence: none Description: Lazurite replaces Marialite in Gypsum.
Marialite pseudomorphs to blue: Lazurite?, sodalite? Hauyne? afghanite? or trace Fe impurities. see:
http://www.mindat.org/mesg-105-318134.html References: |
| ✪ Marialite Formula: Na4Al3Si9O24Cl Habit: Tetragonal prisms, pyramids and pinacoid Colour: white Description: Marialite is the only confirmed (PXRD) scapolite and it Fluoresces bright yellow under long wave UV. All of these scapolites have altered partially or completely to orthoclase. |
| ✪ Formula: Ca4Al6Si6O24CO3 Colour: White Fluorescence: Strong yellow Description: Meionites and Meionites pseudomorphing to Lazurite. Probed by Bart Cannon, but incorrectly interpreted by Rob Woodside
These Marialites have altered, some completely, some partially to Orthoclase. Surviving Marialite has a bright yellow long wave fluorescence. References: |
| ✪ Orthoclase Formula: K(AlSi3O8) Habit: Excellent sharp scapolite xls altered to a cherty looking orthoclase Colour: off white with iron staining Description: Orthoclase (PXRD confirmed) pseudomorphs after excellent scapolite xls. The blue in these xls is either sodalite or lazurite References: |
| ⓘ Phlogopite Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 References: Zhang, Dai; Chen, Liu-Run-Xuan; Shen, Hong-Tao; Liu, Yun-Gui; Qu, Zhi; Yang, Xiao-Qi; Yin, Hao-Nan; Hu, Yu-Kai; Hayat, Abul Basit; Zhang, Shi-Tao; et al. (2026) Gemological, Mineralogical and Spectral Characteristics of Forsterite from Pitawak Mine, Sar-e-Sang, Badakhshan, Afghanistan. Crystals, 16 (1). doi:10.3390/cryst16010048 |
| ✪ 'Scapolite' Habit: Tetragonal Prisms , pyramidal faces, and pinacoid Colour: white grey, blue Fluorescence: bright yellow if any marialite left Description: Marialite is the only confirmed (PXRD) Scapolite from here. The surviving marialite is bright yellow under long wave UV. However, these scapolites are altering to Orthoclase which does not fluoresce. Some of these orthoclase pseudomorphs after scapolite are quite blue. Because this is from Sar-e-Sang, one immediately thinks this due to a blue feldspathoid. If this feldspathoid exists it is below the detection limits of PXRD and EDS. Apparently tiny Fe impurities can turn feldspar blue http://www.mindat.org/mesg-105-318134.html |
| ⓘ Sodalite Formula: Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl Description: Marialite pseudomorphs to orthoclase with blue: Lazurite?, sodalite? Hauyne? afghanite? or trace Fe impurities? see:
http://www.mindat.org/mesg-105-318134.html References: MIM Museum collectionIdentified by Kevin Conroy: Visual Identification |
| ⓘ Sodalite var. Hackmanite Formula: Na8Al6Si6O24Cl2 References: MIM Museum collectionIdentified by Kevin Conroy: Visual Identification |
| ⓘ Spinel Formula: MgAl2O4 References: Zhang, Dai; Chen, Liu-Run-Xuan; Shen, Hong-Tao; Liu, Yun-Gui; Qu, Zhi; Yang, Xiao-Qi; Yin, Hao-Nan; Hu, Yu-Kai; Hayat, Abul Basit; Zhang, Shi-Tao; et al. (2026) Gemological, Mineralogical and Spectral Characteristics of Forsterite from Pitawak Mine, Sar-e-Sang, Badakhshan, Afghanistan. Crystals, 16 (1). doi:10.3390/cryst16010048 |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Spinel | 4.BB.05 | MgAl2O4 |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| ⓘ | Dolomite | 5.AB.10 | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
| ⓘ | Gypsum | 7.CD.40 | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| ⓘ | Forsterite | 9.AC.05 | Mg2(SiO4) |
| ⓘ | Diopside | 9.DA.15 | CaMgSi2O6 |
| ⓘ | Phlogopite | 9.EC.20 | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Orthoclase | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | Albite | 9.FA.35 | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | Sodalite var. Hackmanite | 9.FB.10 | Na8Al6Si6O24Cl2 |
| ⓘ | Haüyne ? | 9.FB.10 | Na3Ca(Si3Al3)O12(SO4) |
| ⓘ | Lazurite | 9.FB.10 | Na7Ca(Al6Si6O24)(SO4)(S3) · H2O |
| ⓘ | Sodalite | 9.FB.10 | Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl |
| ⓘ | Marialite | 9.FB.15 | Na4Al3Si9O24Cl |
| ⓘ | Meionite ? | 9.FB.15 | Ca4Al6Si6O24CO3 |
| Unclassified | |||
| ⓘ | 'Scapolite' | - | |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Lazurite | Na7Ca(Al6Si6O24)(SO4)(S3) · H2O |
| H | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| C | ⓘ Meionite | Ca4Al6Si6O24CO3 |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| O | ⓘ Forsterite | Mg2(SiO4) |
| O | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Sodalite var. Hackmanite | Na8Al6Si6O24Cl2 |
| O | ⓘ Haüyne | Na3Ca(Si3Al3)O12(SO4) |
| O | ⓘ Lazurite | Na7Ca(Al6Si6O24)(SO4)(S3) · H2O |
| O | ⓘ Marialite | Na4Al3Si9O24Cl |
| O | ⓘ Meionite | Ca4Al6Si6O24CO3 |
| O | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Sodalite | Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl |
| O | ⓘ Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Na | ⓘ Sodalite var. Hackmanite | Na8Al6Si6O24Cl2 |
| Na | ⓘ Haüyne | Na3Ca(Si3Al3)O12(SO4) |
| Na | ⓘ Lazurite | Na7Ca(Al6Si6O24)(SO4)(S3) · H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Marialite | Na4Al3Si9O24Cl |
| Na | ⓘ Sodalite | Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Mg | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Forsterite | Mg2(SiO4) |
| Mg | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Sodalite var. Hackmanite | Na8Al6Si6O24Cl2 |
| Al | ⓘ Haüyne | Na3Ca(Si3Al3)O12(SO4) |
| Al | ⓘ Lazurite | Na7Ca(Al6Si6O24)(SO4)(S3) · H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Marialite | Na4Al3Si9O24Cl |
| Al | ⓘ Meionite | Ca4Al6Si6O24CO3 |
| Al | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Sodalite | Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl |
| Al | ⓘ Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Forsterite | Mg2(SiO4) |
| Si | ⓘ Sodalite var. Hackmanite | Na8Al6Si6O24Cl2 |
| Si | ⓘ Haüyne | Na3Ca(Si3Al3)O12(SO4) |
| Si | ⓘ Lazurite | Na7Ca(Al6Si6O24)(SO4)(S3) · H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Marialite | Na4Al3Si9O24Cl |
| Si | ⓘ Meionite | Ca4Al6Si6O24CO3 |
| Si | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Sodalite | Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| S | ⓘ Haüyne | Na3Ca(Si3Al3)O12(SO4) |
| S | ⓘ Lazurite | Na7Ca(Al6Si6O24)(SO4)(S3) · H2O |
| Cl | Chlorine | |
| Cl | ⓘ Sodalite var. Hackmanite | Na8Al6Si6O24Cl2 |
| Cl | ⓘ Marialite | Na4Al3Si9O24Cl |
| Cl | ⓘ Sodalite | Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl |
| K | Potassium | |
| K | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| K | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Haüyne | Na3Ca(Si3Al3)O12(SO4) |
| Ca | ⓘ Lazurite | Na7Ca(Al6Si6O24)(SO4)(S3) · H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Meionite | Ca4Al6Si6O24CO3 |
Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality
Afghanistan
- Badakhshan
- Kokcha ValleyValley
AsiaContinent
- Hindukush Himalayan RegionGroup of Mountain Ranges
Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate
- Qiangtang
- South PamirVolcanic Arc
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References
[1]Zhang, Dai; Chen, Liu-Run-Xuan; Shen, Hong-Tao; Liu, Yun-Gui; Qu, Zhi; Yang, Xiao-Qi; Yin, Hao-Nan; Hu, Yu-Kai; Hayat, Abul Basit; Zhang, Shi-Tao; et al. (2026) Gemological, Mineralogical and Spectral Characteristics of Forsterite from Pitawak Mine, Sar-e-Sang, Badakhshan, Afghanistan. Crystals, 16 (1). doi:10.3390/cryst16010048








Pitwak Mine, Sar-e-Sang River, Sar-e-Sang, Kuran wa Munjan District, Badakhshan, Afghanistan