Carlosruizite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Carlosruizite
Carlos Ruiz Fuller
Formula:
K6(Na,K)4Na6Mg10(SeO4)12(IO3)12 · 12H2O
Colour:
Colourless to pale yellow.
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
2½ - 3
Specific Gravity:
3.400 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Name:
Named in 1994 by Judith A. Konnert, Howard T. Evans, Jr., James J. McGee, and George E. Ericksen in honor of Carlos Ruiz Fuller [September 23, 1916 Valparaiso, Chile – March 28, 1997 Santiago, Chile], first Director of the Chilean Geological Survey.
Type Locality:
Isostructural with:
Carlosruizite-Fuenzalidaite Series. The Se analogue of fuenzalidaite. Unique combination of elements; the only selenate-iodate mineral known. The first Se-bearing material among the Chilean nitrate ores.
Leached from 'Caliche Amarillo'.
The structure is based on two complex slabs, normal to the c axis; each slab consists of a double layer formed by trigonal-pyramidal iodate groups, bounded at the top and bottom by layers of (Se,S,Cr)O4 groups. The layers are separated by K+, with Na+ and Mg2+ helding the layer complex together. The structure somewhat resembles that of alunite group members.
Leached from 'Caliche Amarillo'.
The structure is based on two complex slabs, normal to the c axis; each slab consists of a double layer formed by trigonal-pyramidal iodate groups, bounded at the top and bottom by layers of (Se,S,Cr)O4 groups. The layers are separated by K+, with Na+ and Mg2+ helding the layer complex together. The structure somewhat resembles that of alunite group members.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
902
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:902:5
IMA Classification of Carlosruizite
Approved
IMA Formula:
K3Na2Na3Mg5(I5+O3)6(Se6+O4)6·6H2O
Approval year:
1993
First published:
1994
Classification of Carlosruizite
7.DG.40
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
G : With large and medium-sized cations; with NO3, CO3, B(OH)4, SiO4 or IO3
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
G : With large and medium-sized cations; with NO3, CO3, B(OH)4, SiO4 or IO3
Dana 7th ed.:
23.1.2.2
23.1.2.2
23 : COMPOUND IODATES
1 : Miscellaneous
23 : COMPOUND IODATES
1 : Miscellaneous
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Crz | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Carlosruizite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Colourless to pale yellow.
Hardness:
2½ - 3 on Mohs scale
Density:
3.400 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Carlosruizite
Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 1.655(3) nε = 1.642(1)
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.013
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized uniaxial interference figure - the conoscopic
(convergent-light, Bertrand-lens-in) view, for a grain cut with the optic axis
centred and vertical. The coloured rings are isochromatics, computed with the
same physics as the Michel-Lévy bar above; the dark cross is the isogyre.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
Chemistry of Carlosruizite
Mindat Formula:
K6(Na,K)4Na6Mg10(SeO4)12(IO3)12 · 12H2O
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Carlosruizite
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3m(32/m) - Hexagonal Scalenohedral
Space Group:
P3c1
Setting:
P3c1
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.5901(8) Å, c = 27.56(2) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 2.874
Unit Cell V:
2,195.11 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
1
Morphology:
Thin hexagonal plates. {0001} form, beveled by {1012}.
Crystal Structure
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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Rotation
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Labels
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0001678 | Carlosruizite | Konnert J A, Evans H T, McGee J J, Ericksen G E (1994) Mineralogical studies of the nitrate deposits of Chile: VII. Two saline minerals with the composition K6(Na,K)4Na6Mg10(XO4)12(IO3)12.12H2O: Fuenzalidaite (X=S) and carlosruizite (X=Se) American Mineralogist 79 1003-1008 |  | 1994 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 13.75 Å | (30) |
| 7.10 Å | (20) |
| 3.561 Å | (100) |
| 3.082 Å | (32) |
| 3.058 Å | (39) |
| 2.715 Å | (39) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 25 : Evaporites (prebiotic) |
Type Occurrence of Carlosruizite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Thin hexagonal plates up to 0.2 mm.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
n.d.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
"Caliche amarillo" (yellow nitrate ore) leachate.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Carlosruizite
Other Language Names for Carlosruizite
Relationship of Carlosruizite to other Species
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 7.DG. | Mathesiusite | K5(UO2)4(SO4)4(VO5) · 4H2O |
| 7.DG.05 | Darapskite | Na3(SO4)(NO3) · H2O |
| 7.DG.10 | Clinoungemachite | (Na, K, Fe, SO4) |
| 7.DG.10 | Humberstonite | Na7K3Mg2(SO4)6(NO3)2 · 6H2O |
| 7.DG.10 | Ungemachite | K3Na8Fe(SO4)6(NO3)2 · 6H2O |
| 7.DG.15 | Chiyokoite | Ca3Si(CO3)[B(OH)4]O (OH)5 · 12H2O |
| 7.DG.15 | Kottenheimite | Ca 3Si(SO4)2(OH)6 · 12H2O |
| 7.DG.15 | Hielscherite | Ca3Si(SO4)(SO3)(OH)6 · 11H2O |
| 7.DG.15 | Jouravskite | Ca3Mn4+(SO4)(CO3)(OH)6 · 12H2O |
| 7.DG.15 | Thaumasite | Ca3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O |
| 7.DG.15 | Bentorite | Ca6Cr2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O |
| 7.DG.15 | Carraraite | Ca3(SO4)[Ge(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O |
| 7.DG.15 | Ettringite | Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O |
| 7.DG.15 | Birunite | Ca18(SiO3)8.5(CO3)8.5SO4 · 15H2O(?) |
| 7.DG.15 | Siwaqaite | Ca6Al2(CrO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O |
| 7.DG.15 | Buryatite | Ca3(Si,Fe3+,Al)(SO4)B(OH)4(OH,O)6 · 12H2O |
| 7.DG.15 | Charlesite | Ca6(Al,Si)2(SO4)2[B(OH)4](OH,O)12 · 26H2O |
| 7.DG.15 | Tatarinovite | Ca3Al(SO4)[B(OH)4](OH)6 · 12H2O |
| 7.DG.15 | Imayoshiite | Ca3Al(CO3)[B(OH)4](OH)6 · 12H2O |
| 7.DG.15 | Sturmanite | Ca6Fe3+2(SO4)2.5[B(OH)4](OH)12 · 25H2O |
| 7.DG.20 | Rapidcreekite | Ca2(SO4)(CO3) · 4H2O |
| 7.DG.25 | Tatarskite | Ca6Mg2(SO4)2(CO3)2(OH)4Cl4 · 7H2O |
| 7.DG.30 | Nakauriite | Cu8(SO4)4(CO3)(OH)6 · 48H2O |
| 7.DG.35 | Chessexite | (Na,K)4Ca2(Mg,Zn)3Al8(SO4)10(SiO4)2 · 40H2O |
| 7.DG.40 | Fuenzalidaite | K6(Na,K)4Na6Mg10(SO4)12(IO3)12 · 12H2O |
| 7.DG.45 | 'Chelyabinskite' | (Ca,Mg)3(SO4,CO3)2[Si(OH)6] · 9H2O (?) |
| 7.DG.55 | Ramazzoite | [Mg8Cu12(PO4)(CO3)4(OH)24(H2O)20][(H0.33SO4)3(H2O)36] |
| 7.DG.60 | Witzkeite | Na4K4Ca(NO3)2(SO4)4 · 2H2O |
Radioactivity
Radioactivity:
| Element | % Content | Activity (Bq/kg) | Radiation Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Uranium (U) | 0.0000% | 0 | α, β, γ |
| Thorium (Th) | 0.0000% | 0 | α, β, γ |
| Potassium (K) | 4.9512% | 1,535 | β, γ |
For comparison:
- Banana: ~15 Bq per fruit
- Granite: 1,000–3,000 Bq/kg
- EU exemption limit: 10,000 Bq/kg
Note: Risk is shown relative to daily recommended maximum exposure to non-background radiation of 1000 µSv/year. Note that natural background radiation averages around 2400 µSv/year so in reality these risks are probably extremely overstated! With infrequent handling and safe storage natural radioactive minerals do not usually pose much risk.
Interactive Simulator:
Note: The mass selector refers to the mass of radioactive mineral present, not the full specimen, also be aware that the matrix may also be radioactive, possibly more radioactive than this mineral!
Activity: –
| Distance | Dose rate | Risk |
|---|---|---|
| 1 cm | ||
| 10 cm | ||
| 1 m |
The external dose rate (D) from a radioactive mineral is estimated by summing the gamma radiation contributions from its Uranium, Thorium, and Potassium content, disregarding daughter-product which may have a significant effect in some cases (eg 'pitchblende'). This involves multiplying the activity (A, in Bq) of each element by its specific gamma ray constant (Γ), which accounts for its unique gamma emissions. The total unshielded dose at 1 cm is then scaled by the square of the distance (r, in cm) and multiplied by a shielding factor (μshield). This calculation provides a 'worst-case' or 'maximum risk' estimate because it assumes the sample is a point source and entirely neglects any self-shielding where radiation is absorbed within the mineral itself, meaning actual doses will typically be lower. The resulting dose rate (D) is expressed in microsieverts per hour (μSv/h).
D = ((AU × ΓU) + (ATh × ΓTh) + (AK × ΓK)) / r2 × μshield
Other Information
Notes:
Slowly soluble in H2O
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Carlosruizite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-902.html
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References for Carlosruizite
Reference List:
Konnert, Judith A., Evans, Howard T., Jr.,, Mcgee, James J., Ericksen, George E. (1994) Mineralogical studies of the nitrate deposits of Chile: VII. Two new saline minerals with the composition K6(Na,K)4Na6Mg10(XO4)12(IO3)12 · 12H2O: Fuenzalidaite (X = S) and carlosruizite (X = Se) American Mineralogist, 79 (9-10) 1003-1008
Localities for Carlosruizite
Showing 2 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Chile (TL) | |
| Konnert et al. (1994) +1 other reference |
| Färber (n.d.) |
Quick NavTopAbout CarlosruiziteUnique IdentifiersIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography Crystal StructureX-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesRelationshipsCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatRadioactivityOther InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Pozo Almonte, Tamarugal Province, Tarapacá, Chile