Nakauriite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Nakauriite
Formula:
Cu8(SO4)4(CO3)(OH)6 · 48H2O
May contain minor Mg, Ni.
Colour:
Translucent blue
Specific Gravity:
2.39
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
Named for the type locality.
Type Locality:
The originally reported sulphate content appears to be questionable according to several literature sources; the crystal structure is unknown. Palenzona & Martinelli (2007) suggest a formula (Mg,Cu)x(CO3)y(OH)z•nH2O (x, y, z unknown).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2948
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2948:9
IMA Classification of Nakauriite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Cu2+8(S6+O4)4(CO3)(OH)6·48H2O
Approval year:
1976
First published:
1976
Type description reference:
Suzuki, Jujin, Ito, Masahiro, Sugiura, Tsutomu (1976) A new copper sulfate-carbonate hydroxide hydrate mineral, (Mn,Ni,Cu)8(SO4)4(CO3)(OH)6·48H2O, from Nakauri, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. The Journal of the Japanese Association of Mineralogists, Petrologists and Economic Geologists, 71 (7) 183-192 doi:10.2465/ganko1941.71.183
Classification of Nakauriite
7.DG.30
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
G : With large and medium-sized cations; with NO3, CO3, B(OH)4, SiO4 or IO3
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
G : With large and medium-sized cations; with NO3, CO3, B(OH)4, SiO4 or IO3
32.4.1.1
32 : COMPOUND SULFATES
4 : Hydrated Compound Sulfates containing Hydroxyl or Halogen
32 : COMPOUND SULFATES
4 : Hydrated Compound Sulfates containing Hydroxyl or Halogen
12.2.6
12 : Carbonates with other anions
2 : Carbonates with sulphate
12 : Carbonates with other anions
2 : Carbonates with sulphate
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Nak | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Nakauriite
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Translucent blue
Density:
2.39(2) g/cm3 (Measured) 2.35 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Nakauriite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.585 - 1.597 nβ = 1.604 - 1.612 nγ = 1.612 - 1.618
2V:
Measured: 60° to 70°, Calculated: 65°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.021 - 0.027
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Moderate (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
small
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
X = colorless, Y = very light greenish blue,Z = pale sky-blue to very light blue.
Chemistry of Nakauriite
Mindat Formula:
Cu8(SO4)4(CO3)(OH)6 · 48H2O
May contain minor Mg, Ni.
May contain minor Mg, Ni.
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Nakauriite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Cell Parameters:
a = 14.585 Å, b = 11.47 Å, c = 16.22 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.272 : 1 : 1.414
Unit Cell V:
2,713.44 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Crystals are fibers, to 3 mm, in sprays and aggregates.
Comment:
Point Group: n.d; Space Group: n.d.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 7.31 Å | (100) |
| 3.652 Å | (20) |
| 2.367 Å | (16) |
| 1.9148 Å | (16) |
| 4.840 Å | (14) |
| 3.936 Å | (14) |
| 2.397 Å | (14) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere | >4.45 |
| 13 : Hadean serpentinization | |
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47b : [Sulfates and sulfites] | |
| 47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates] |
Type Occurrence of Nakauriite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Bundled aggregates of very small slender to fibrous crystals, whose sizes are less than about 0.2 mm in length, 0.006 mm in width.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National Science Museum, Tokyo, Japan, M-24586; National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 136584.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Fissure-fillings in serpentinite
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Suzuki, Jujin, Ito, Masahiro, Sugiura, Tsutomu (1976) A new copper sulfate-carbonate hydroxide hydrate mineral, (Mn,Ni,Cu)8(SO4)4(CO3)(OH)6·48H2O, from Nakauri, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. The Journal of the Japanese Association of Mineralogists, Petrologists and Economic Geologists, 71 (7) 183-192 doi:10.2465/ganko1941.71.183
Synonyms of Nakauriite
Other Language Names for Nakauriite
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 10 photos of Nakauriite associated with Serpentine Subgroup | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 |
| 4 photos of Nakauriite associated with Hydromagnesite | Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 3 photos of Nakauriite associated with Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| 3 photos of Nakauriite associated with Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| 2 photos of Nakauriite associated with Callaghanite | Cu2Mg2(CO3)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| 1 photo of Nakauriite associated with Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| 1 photo of Nakauriite associated with Brucite | Mg(OH)2 |
| 1 photo of Nakauriite associated with Native Copper | Cu |
| 1 photo of Nakauriite associated with Huntite | CaMg3(CO3)4 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 7.DG. | Mathesiusite | K5(UO2)4(SO4)4(VO5) · 4H2O |
| 7.DG.05 | Darapskite | Na3(SO4)(NO3) · H2O |
| 7.DG.10 | Clinoungemachite | (Na, K, Fe, SO4) |
| 7.DG.10 | Humberstonite | Na7K3Mg2(SO4)6(NO3)2 · 6H2O |
| 7.DG.10 | Ungemachite | K3Na8Fe(SO4)6(NO3)2 · 6H2O |
| 7.DG.15 | Chiyokoite | Ca3Si(CO3)[B(OH)4]O (OH)5 · 12H2O |
| 7.DG.15 | Kottenheimite | Ca 3Si(SO4)2(OH)6 · 12H2O |
| 7.DG.15 | Hielscherite | Ca3Si(SO4)(SO3)(OH)6 · 11H2O |
| 7.DG.15 | Jouravskite | Ca3Mn4+(SO4)(CO3)(OH)6 · 12H2O |
| 7.DG.15 | Thaumasite | Ca3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O |
| 7.DG.15 | Bentorite | Ca6Cr2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O |
| 7.DG.15 | Carraraite | Ca3(SO4)[Ge(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O |
| 7.DG.15 | Ettringite | Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O |
| 7.DG.15 | Birunite | Ca18(SiO3)8.5(CO3)8.5SO4 · 15H2O(?) |
| 7.DG.15 | Siwaqaite | Ca6Al2(CrO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O |
| 7.DG.15 | Buryatite | Ca3(Si,Fe3+,Al)(SO4)B(OH)4(OH,O)6 · 12H2O |
| 7.DG.15 | Charlesite | Ca6(Al,Si)2(SO4)2[B(OH)4](OH,O)12 · 26H2O |
| 7.DG.15 | Tatarinovite | Ca3Al(SO4)[B(OH)4](OH)6 · 12H2O |
| 7.DG.15 | Imayoshiite | Ca3Al(CO3)[B(OH)4](OH)6 · 12H2O |
| 7.DG.15 | Sturmanite | Ca6Fe3+2(SO4)2.5[B(OH)4](OH)12 · 25H2O |
| 7.DG.20 | Rapidcreekite | Ca2(SO4)(CO3) · 4H2O |
| 7.DG.25 | Tatarskite | Ca6Mg2(SO4)2(CO3)2(OH)4Cl4 · 7H2O |
| 7.DG.35 | Chessexite | (Na,K)4Ca2(Mg,Zn)3Al8(SO4)10(SiO4)2 · 40H2O |
| 7.DG.40 | Fuenzalidaite | K6(Na,K)4Na6Mg10(SO4)12(IO3)12 · 12H2O |
| 7.DG.40 | Carlosruizite | K6(Na,K)4Na6Mg10(SeO4)12(IO3)12 · 12H2O |
| 7.DG.45 | 'Chelyabinskite' | (Ca,Mg)3(SO4,CO3)2[Si(OH)6] · 9H2O (?) |
| 7.DG.55 | Ramazzoite | [Mg8Cu12(PO4)(CO3)4(OH)24(H2O)20][(H0.33SO4)3(H2O)36] |
| 7.DG.60 | Witzkeite | Na4K4Ca(NO3)2(SO4)4 · 2H2O |
Other Information
Notes:
Effervescent in HCl, H2SO4, and HNO3
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Nakauriite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2948.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
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References for Nakauriite
Reference List:
Peacor D.R., Simmons W.B., Jr., Essene E.J., Heinrich E.W. (1982): New data on and discreditation of "texasite", "albrittonite", "cuproartinite","cuprohydromagnesite", and "yttromicrolite" with corrected data on nickelbischofite, rowlandite and yttrocrasite. American Mineralogist. 67, 156-169. http://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM67/AM67_156.pdf(show that both "cuproartinite" and "cuprohydromagnesite" have powder XRD patterns identical to those of nakauriite)
Suzuki, Jujin, Ito, Masahiro, Sugiura, Tsutomu (1976) A new copper sulfate-carbonate hydroxide hydrate mineral, (Mn,Ni,Cu)8(SO4)4(CO3)(OH)6·48H2O, from Nakauri, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. The Journal of the Japanese Association of Mineralogists, Petrologists and Economic Geologists, 71 (7) 183-192 doi:10.2465/ganko1941.71.183
Fleischer, Michael, Cabri, Louis J., Nickel, Ernest H., Pabst, Adolf (1977) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 62 (5-6) 593-600
Braithwaite, R. S. W., Pritchard, R. (1983) Nakauriite from Unst, Shetland. Mineralogical Magazine, 47 (342) 84-85 doi:10.1180/minmag.1983.047.342.17
Postl, von Walter; Moser, Bernd (1988) Mineralogische Notizen aus der Steiermark [Mineralogical notes from Styria]. Mitteilungen der Abteilung für Mineralogie am Landesmuseum Joanneum [Announcements from the Department of Mineralogy at the Joanneum State Museum], 56. 5-47[nakauriite from Lobminggraben]
Localities for Nakauriite
Showing 15 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Austria | |
| Postl et al. (1988) +1 other reference |
| Postl et al. (1988) +1 other reference |
Germany | |
| Habel (2006) +1 other reference |
| Christophe Boutry collection |
Greece | |
| Kolitsch et al. (2014) |
Italy | |
| Palenzona et al. (2007) |
| - (n.d.) +1 other reference |
Japan (TL) | |
| Suzuki et al. (1976) +1 other reference |
| Kosuge (1997) |
Russia | |
| V.A. Popov analytical data (2012) |
UK | |
| Braithwaite et al. (1983) |
USA | |
| Peacor D.R. et al. (1982) |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| |
| Personally Collected 4/12/2008 |
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Nakauri mine, Shinshiro city, Aichi Prefecture, Japan