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Redmondite

A valid IMA mineral species

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Redmondite

Redmond Mine, Waterville Lake, Haywood County, North Carolina, USA

Redmondite

Redmond Mine, Waterville Lake, Haywood County, North Carolina, USA

Redmondite

Redmond Mine, Waterville Lake, Haywood County, North Carolina, USA

Redmondite

Redmond Mine, Waterville Lake, Haywood County, North Carolina, USA

Redmondite

Redmond Mine, Waterville Lake, Haywood County, North Carolina, USA

Redmondite

Redmond Mine, Waterville Lake, Haywood County, North Carolina, USA

Redmondite

Redmond Mine, Waterville Lake, Haywood County, North Carolina, USA

Redmondite

Redmond Mine, Waterville Lake, Haywood County, North Carolina, USA

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About RedmonditeHide

Main Adit

Redmond Mine, Waterville Lake, Haywood County, North Carolina, USA

Formula:

[Pb₈O₂Zn(OH)₆](S₂O₃)₄

Colour:

colorless to shades of brown

Lustre:

Adamantine

Hardness:

Specific Gravity:

5.757 (Calculated)

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Name:

The name redmondite is based on the mine name.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Redmond Mine, Waterville Lake, Haywood County, North Carolina, USA

Chemically and structurally related to hydroredmondite and sulfatoredmondite. Chemically somewhat comparable to beaverite-(Zn) and raygrantite.

The structure consists of Pb₈O₂Zn(OH)₆ "bowtie" dimers hydrogen-bonded to thiosulfate.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

55689

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:55689:7

Similar NamesHide

Redondite	A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered - questionable	AlPO₄ · 2H₂O
Rémondite
Rémondite-(Ce)	A valid IMA mineral species	Na₃(Ce,Ca,Na)₃(CO₃)₅
Rémondite-(La)	A valid IMA mineral species	Na₃(La,Ca,Na)₃(CO₃)₅

Classification of RedmonditeHide

The redmondite-type cluster

The Pb₈O₂Zn(OH)₆ "bowtie" dimers found in redmondite, hydroredmondite, and sulfatoredmondite.

IMA Classification of RedmonditeHide

IMA status:

Approved

IMA Formula:

[Pb²⁺₈O₂Zn²⁺(OH)₆](S⁶⁺O₃S^2-)₄

Strunz-mindat (2026):

7.JA.

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
J : Thiosulfates
A : Thiosulfates of Pb

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Rdm	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of RedmonditeHide

Lustre:

Adamantine

Colour:

Colorless to shades of brown

Streak:

White

Hardness:

2 on Mohs scale

Tenacity:

Brittle

Cleavage:

None Observed

Fracture:

Conchoidal

Density:

5.757 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of RedmonditeHide

Type:

Biaxial

RI values:

n_α = 1.96 - 1.97 n_β = 1.97 - 1.98 n_γ = 1.97 - 1.98

Max. Birefringence:

δ = 0.010
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.

Thickness: 30 µm Order divisions

Rotation:

Surface Relief:

Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).

This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral colouration.

Focus:

In focus

Dispersion:

extreme

Chemistry of RedmonditeHide

Mindat Formula:

[Pb₈O₂Zn(OH)₆](S₂O₃)₄

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
Pb	71.897 %
O	13.879 %
S	11.126 %
Zn	2.836 %
H	0.262 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

H, O, Pb, S, Zn - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of RedmonditeHide

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Class (H-M):

2/m - Prismatic

Space Group:

P2₁/b

Setting:

P2₁/c

Cell Parameters:

a = 9.1672(4) Å, b = 10.6576(4) Å, c = 14.062(1) Å
β = 101.173(7)°

Ratio:

a:b:c = 0.86 : 1 : 1.319

Unit Cell V:

1,347.82 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
M11972	Redmondite	Kampf, A. R., Smith, J. B., Hughes, J. M., Ma, C., & Emproto, C. (2023) Redmondite Kampf, Anthony R., Smith, Jason B., Hughes, John M., Ma, Chi, Emproto, Christopher New Minerals from the Redmond Mine, North Carolina, USA: I. Redmondite, Hydroredmondite, and Sulfatoredmondite, Three Minerals Containing the Novel [Pb8O2Zn(OH)6]8+		2023	Redmond Mine, North Carolina, USA	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

 
data_redmondite
 
_audit_creation_method            'SHELXL-2016/6'
_shelx_SHELXL_version_number      '2016/6'
_chemical_name_mineral            'redmondite' 
_chemical_compound_source         'Redmond mine, North Carolina'
_chemical_formula_sum
 'H6 O20 Pb8 S8 Zn' 
_chemical_formula_weight          2305.42

loop_
 _atom_type_symbol
 _atom_type_description
 _atom_type_scat_dispersion_real
 _atom_type_scat_dispersion_imag
 _atom_type_scat_source
 'H'  'H'   0.0000   0.0000
 'International Tables Vol C Tables 4.2.6.8 and 6.1.1.4'
 'O'  'O'   0.0106   0.0060
 'International Tables Vol C Tables 4.2.6.8 and 6.1.1.4'
 'Pb'  'Pb'  -3.3944  10.1111
 'International Tables Vol C Tables 4.2.6.8 and 6.1.1.4'
 'S'  'S'   0.1246   0.1234
 'International Tables Vol C Tables 4.2.6.8 and 6.1.1.4'
 'Zn'  'Zn'   0.2839   1.4301
 'International Tables Vol C Tables 4.2.6.8 and 6.1.1.4'
 
_space_group_crystal_system       monoclinic
_space_group_IT_number            14
_space_group_name_H-M_alt         'P 21/c'
_space_group_name_Hall            '-P 2ybc'
 
_shelx_space_group_comment
;
The symmetry employed for this shelxl refinement is uniquely defined
by the following loop, which should always be used as a source of
symmetry information in preference to the above space-group names.
They are only intended as comments.
;
 
loop_
 _space_group_symop_operation_xyz
 'x, y, z'
 '-x, y+1/2, -z+1/2'
 '-x, -y, -z'
 'x, -y-1/2, z-1/2'
 
_cell_length_a                    9.1672(4)
_cell_length_b                    10.6576(4)
_cell_length_c                    14.0620(10)
_cell_angle_alpha                 90
_cell_angle_beta                  101.173(7)
_cell_angle_gamma                 90
_cell_volume                      1347.83(12)
_cell_formula_units_Z             2
_cell_measurement_temperature     293(2)
_cell_measurement_reflns_used     7907
_cell_measurement_theta_min       3.1
_cell_measurement_theta_max       25.0
 
_exptl_crystal_description        'equant'
_exptl_crystal_colour             'colorless'
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn     5.681          
_exptl_crystal_F_000              1960
_exptl_crystal_size_max           0.110
_exptl_crystal_size_mid           0.100
_exptl_crystal_size_min           0.090
_exptl_absorpt_coefficient_mu     51.337
_shelx_estimated_absorpt_T_min    0.071
_shelx_estimated_absorpt_T_max    0.091
_exptl_absorpt_correction_type    'Multi-scan'
_exptl_absorpt_correction_T_max   1.000
_exptl_absorpt_correction_T_min   0.415
_exptl_absorpt_process_details    'Higashi2001'
_diffrn_ambient_temperature       293(2)
_diffrn_radiation_wavelength      0.71075
_diffrn_radiation_type            MoK\a
_diffrn_source                    'Sealed Tube'
_diffrn_radiation_monochromator   'Graphite Monochromator'
_diffrn_measurement_device_type   'Rigaku R-axis RAPID II'
_diffrn_measurement_method        'profile data from \w-scans'
_diffrn_reflns_number             9871
_diffrn_reflns_av_unetI/netI      0.0657
_diffrn_reflns_av_R_equivalents   0.0963
_diffrn_reflns_limit_h_min        -10
_diffrn_reflns_limit_h_max        10
_diffrn_reflns_limit_k_min        -12
_diffrn_reflns_limit_k_max        11
_diffrn_reflns_limit_l_min        -14
_diffrn_reflns_limit_l_max        16
_diffrn_reflns_theta_min          3.109
_diffrn_reflns_theta_max          25.026
_diffrn_reflns_theta_full         25.026
_diffrn_measured_fraction_theta_max   0.996
_diffrn_measured_fraction_theta_full  0.996
_diffrn_reflns_Laue_measured_fraction_max    0.996
_diffrn_reflns_Laue_measured_fraction_full   0.996
_diffrn_reflns_point_group_measured_fraction_max   0.996
_diffrn_reflns_point_group_measured_fraction_full  0.996
_reflns_number_total              2372
_reflns_number_gt                 2061
_reflns_threshold_expression      'I > 2\s(I)'
_reflns_Friedel_coverage          0.000
_reflns_Friedel_fraction_max      .
_reflns_Friedel_fraction_full     .
 
_reflns_special_details
;
 Reflections were merged by SHELXL according to the crystal
 class for the calculation of statistics and refinement.
 
 _reflns_Friedel_fraction is defined as the number of unique
 Friedel pairs measured divided by the number that would be
 possible theoretically, ignoring centric projections and
 systematic absences.
;
 
_computing_structure_solution     'SHELXT 2014/5 (Sheldrick, 2014)'
_computing_structure_refinement   'SHELXL-2016/6 (Sheldrick, 2016)'
_refine_ls_structure_factor_coef  Fsqd
_refine_ls_matrix_type            full
_refine_ls_weighting_scheme       calc
_refine_ls_weighting_details
'w=1/[\s^2^(Fo^2^)+(0.0303P)^2^+7.4268P] where P=(Fo^2^+2Fc^2^)/3'
_atom_sites_solution_hydrogens    .
_refine_ls_hydrogen_treatment     undef
_refine_ls_extinction_method      'SHELXL-2016/6 (Sheldrick 2016)'
_refine_ls_extinction_coef        0.00061(6)
_refine_ls_extinction_expression
 'Fc^*^=kFc[1+0.001xFc^2^\l^3^/sin(2\q)]^-1/4^'
_refine_ls_number_reflns          2372
_refine_ls_number_parameters      170
_refine_ls_number_restraints      0
_refine_ls_R_factor_all           0.0420
_refine_ls_R_factor_gt            0.0346
_refine_ls_wR_factor_ref          0.0850
_refine_ls_wR_factor_gt           0.0809
_refine_ls_goodness_of_fit_ref    1.079
_refine_ls_restrained_S_all       1.079
_refine_ls_shift/su_max           0.001
_refine_ls_shift/su_mean          0.000
 
loop_
 _atom_site_label
 _atom_site_type_symbol
 _atom_site_fract_x
 _atom_site_fract_y
 _atom_site_fract_z
 _atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
 _atom_site_adp_type
 _atom_site_occupancy
 _atom_site_site_symmetry_order  
 _atom_site_calc_flag
 _atom_site_refinement_flags_posn
 _atom_site_refinement_flags_adp
 _atom_site_refinement_flags_occupancy
 _atom_site_disorder_assembly
 _atom_site_disorder_group
Pb1 Pb 0.24391(6) 0.65742(5) 0.33075(4) 0.01579(18) Uani 1 1 d . . . . .
Pb2 Pb 0.84077(6) 0.65986(5) 0.58783(4) 0.01615(18) Uani 1 1 d . . . . .
Pb3 Pb 0.44282(6) 0.39015(5) 0.26232(4) 0.01803(18) Uani 1 1 d . . . . .
Pb4 Pb 0.02065(6) 0.43840(5) 0.14031(4) 0.01675(18) Uani 1 1 d . . . . .
Zn Zn 0.500000 0.500000 0.500000 0.0156(5) Uani 1 2 d S . P . .
S1 S 0.8542(4) 0.6170(3) 0.3051(2) 0.0132(7) Uani 1 1 d . . . . .
S2 S 0.2737(4) 0.8869(3) 0.5700(2) 0.0148(7) Uani 1 1 d . . . . .
O1 O 0.7078(11) 0.6741(9) 0.2885(10) 0.037(3) Uani 1 1 d . . . . .
O2 O 0.9264(12) 0.6429(9) 0.2229(8) 0.026(3) Uani 1 1 d . . . . .
O3 O 0.9493(13) 0.6699(11) 0.3943(8) 0.040(3) Uani 1 1 d . . . . .
S1A S 0.8353(4) 0.4313(4) 0.3181(3) 0.0248(9) Uani 1 1 d . . . . .
O4 O 0.3125(13) 0.8178(10) 0.4898(9) 0.038(3) Uani 1 1 d . . . . .
O5 O 0.1269(11) 0.8561(10) 0.5879(8) 0.027(3) Uani 1 1 d . . . . .
O6 O 0.3861(12) 0.8684(9) 0.6615(8) 0.026(3) Uani 1 1 d . . . . .
S2A S 0.2623(5) 0.0730(4) 0.5379(3) 0.0245(9) Uani 1 1 d . . . . .
O7 O 0.2026(9) 0.4515(8) 0.2764(6) 0.0093(19) Uani 1 1 d . . . . .
OH8 O 0.4840(10) 0.5746(8) 0.3643(6) 0.014(2) Uani 1 1 d . . . . .
OH9 O 0.5784(10) 0.6664(9) 0.5790(7) 0.017(2) Uani 1 1 d . . . . .
OH10 O 0.2641(9) 0.5364(8) 0.4700(7) 0.013(2) Uani 1 1 d . . . . .
 
loop_
 _atom_site_aniso_label
 _atom_site_aniso_U_11
 _atom_site_aniso_U_22
 _atom_site_aniso_U_33
 _atom_site_aniso_U_23
 _atom_site_aniso_U_13
 _atom_site_aniso_U_12
Pb1 0.0140(3) 0.0133(3) 0.0175(3) 0.0024(2) -0.0034(2) 0.0015(2)
Pb2 0.0175(3) 0.0163(3) 0.0136(3) 0.0018(2) 0.0003(2) -0.0026(2)
Pb3 0.0138(3) 0.0233(3) 0.0168(3) -0.0053(2) 0.0025(2) 0.0007(2)
Pb4 0.0155(3) 0.0191(3) 0.0133(3) 0.0003(2) -0.0031(2) -0.0043(2)
Zn 0.0158(12) 0.0194(13) 0.0089(12) 0.0022(10) -0.0043(9) 0.0010(9)
S1 0.0107(18) 0.0135(18) 0.0155(19) 0.0000(14) 0.0025(14) -0.0006(13)
S2 0.0170(19) 0.0140(18) 0.0111(18) -0.0023(14) -0.0030(14) 0.0037(14)
O1 0.013(6) 0.015(6) 0.086(10) 0.007(6) 0.018(6) 0.010(4)
O2 0.033(7) 0.023(6) 0.025(6) -0.003(5) 0.011(5) 0.002(5)
O3 0.041(8) 0.047(8) 0.027(7) -0.012(6) -0.006(5) -0.011(6)
S1A 0.026(2) 0.0163(19) 0.033(2) 0.0002(17) 0.0086(18) 0.0042(16)
O4 0.042(8) 0.036(7) 0.033(7) -0.014(6) 0.004(6) 0.010(6)
O5 0.022(6) 0.027(6) 0.033(7) 0.002(5) 0.005(5) 0.005(5)
O6 0.030(6) 0.018(5) 0.024(6) -0.008(5) -0.010(5) 0.010(5)
S2A 0.032(2) 0.019(2) 0.022(2) 0.0031(17) 0.0049(17) 0.0017(16)
O7 0.007(5) 0.010(5) 0.010(5) -0.001(4) 0.001(4) 0.001(4)
OH8 0.015(5) 0.014(5) 0.009(5) 0.004(4) -0.004(4) 0.005(4)
OH9 0.015(5) 0.022(6) 0.012(5) 0.002(4) -0.003(4) 0.006(4)
OH10 0.010(5) 0.007(5) 0.022(5) 0.004(4) 0.001(4) -0.005(4)
 
_geom_special_details
;
 All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes)
 are estimated using the full covariance matrix.  The cell esds are taken
 into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles
 and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only
 used when they are defined by crystal symmetry.  An approximate (isotropic)
 treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes.
;

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
6.56 Å	(64)
5.01 Å	(32)
3.442 Å	(100)
3.173 Å	(32)
2.912 Å	(35)
2.847 Å	(42)
2.479 Å	(38)
2.280 Å	(27)

Locality:

Redmond Mine, Waterville Lake, Haywood County, North Carolina, USA

Type Occurrence of RedmonditeHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Redmond Mine, Waterville Lake, Haywood County, North Carolina, USA

General Appearance of Type Material:

transparent equant rhombs to about 1 mm

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Mineralogical collections of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA, catalogue numbers 76160, 76161 and 76162.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

oxidation of lead mine

Other Language Names for RedmonditeHide

Dutch:Redmondiet

German:Redmondit

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

3 photos of Redmondite associated with Steverustite

Pb²⁺₅(OH)₅[Cu⁺(S⁶⁺O₃S^2-)₃](H₂O)₂

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

7.JA.	Hayelasdiite	[Pb₄O_1.5(OH)_2.5]₂[Cu⁺₅(S₂O₃)₄(S₂O₂OH)₂(H₂O)] · 4H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
7.JA.	Boojumite	Pb₈O₄(OH)₂(S₂O₃)₃	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
7.JA.	Finescreekite	[Pb₄(OH)₄](S₂O₃)₂	Orth. 222 : P2₁2₁2₁
7.JA.	Boevskite	Pb₄(TeO₃)₂(SO₄)(S₂O₃)	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
7.JA.	Hydroredmondite	[Pb₈O₂Zn(OH)₆](S₂O₃)₄ · 2H₂O	Mon. 2/m
7.JA.	Dinilawiite	[Pb₄OAl(OH)₆]₂(S₂O₃)₂ · (S₂O₃)(H₂O)₅	Mon. 2/m
7.JA.	Sulfatoredmondite	[Pb₈O₂Zn(OH)₆](SO₄)₄ · 6H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
7.JA.	Cubothioplumbite	[Pb₄(OH)₄]Pb(S₂O₃)₃	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
7.JA.	Hexathioplumbite	[Pb²⁺₄(OH)₄]Pb²⁺(S⁶⁺O₃S^2-)₃	Hex. 6 : P6₃
7.JA.05	Sidpietersite	Pb²⁺₄(S₂O₃)O₂(OH)₂	Tric. 1 : P1
7.JA.10	Steverustite	Pb²⁺₅(OH)₅[Cu⁺(S⁶⁺O₃S^2-)₃](H₂O)₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
7.JA.15	Fassinaite	Pb₂(S₂O₃)(CO₃)	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
7.JA.20	Northstarite	Pb₆(Te⁴⁺O₃)₅(S⁶⁺O₃S^2-)	Hex. 6 : P6₃

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for RedmonditeHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-55689.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

Look for Redmondite on Webmineral

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Look for Redmondite on Mineralien Atlas

Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

Mineral Dealers:

Buy from D. Joyce minerals

References for RedmonditeHide

Reference List:

Miyawaki, Ritsuro, Hatert, Frédéric, Pasero, Marco, Mills, Stuart J. (2021) CNMNC Newsletter 64. IMA Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC) Mineralogical Magazine, 86 (1) 178-182 doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.93

(2022) Redmondite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Kampf, Anthony R., Smith, Jason B., Hughes, John M., Ma, Chi, Emproto, Christopher (2023) New Minerals from the Redmond Mine, North Carolina, USA: I. Redmondite, Hydroredmondite, and Sulfatoredmondite, Three Minerals Containing the Novel [Pb8O2Zn(OH)6]8+ Structural Unit. The Canadian Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology, 61 (1). 189-202 doi:10.3749/2200059

Localities for RedmonditeHide

Showing 1 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Hide all sections | Show all sections

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.

USA (TL)

North Carolina

Haywood County

Waterville Lake

ⓘ Redmond Mine (TL)

Miyawaki et al. (2021)

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Redmondite

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