Zhanghengite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Zhanghengite
Zhang Heng
Formula:
CuZn
Colour:
Golden-yellow
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
5
Specific Gravity:
8.32 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Isometric
Name:
Named after Zhang Heng (78-139 AD), a famous astronomer of ancient China. Among his achievements are the correction of the Chinese calendar to have it correspond to the seasons (123 AD), the invention of the seismometer (132 AD), the first armillary sphere and the odometer.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
4398
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4398:0
Similar Names
| Zhonghongite | A valid IMA mineral species | Cu29(As,Sb)12S33 |
IMA Classification of Zhanghengite
Approved
Approval year:
1985
First published:
1986
Classification of Zhanghengite
1.AB.10a
1 : ELEMENTS (Metals and intermetallic alloys; metalloids and nonmetals; carbides, silicides, nitrides, phosphides)
A : Metals and Intermetallic Alloys
B : Zinc-brass family
1 : ELEMENTS (Metals and intermetallic alloys; metalloids and nonmetals; carbides, silicides, nitrides, phosphides)
A : Metals and Intermetallic Alloys
B : Zinc-brass family
Dana 7th ed.:
1.1.6.2
1.1.6.2
1 : NATIVE ELEMENTS AND ALLOYS
1 : Metals, other than the Platinum Group
1 : NATIVE ELEMENTS AND ALLOYS
1 : Metals, other than the Platinum Group
1.11
1 : Elements and Alloys (including the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au)
1 : Elements and Alloys (including the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au)
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Zhg | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Zhanghengite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Golden-yellow
Streak:
Bronze
Hardness:
5 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN10=140 - 150 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Cleavage:
None Observed
Density:
8.32 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Zhanghengite
Type:
Isotropic
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 (%) |
|---|---|
| 405nm | 57.7% |
| 437nm | 50.8% |
| 480nm | 43.9% |
| 549nm | 81.1% |
| 591nm | 90.0% |
| 645nm | 93.7% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 93.7%.
Colour in reflected light:
Bright yellow
Internal Reflections:
None
Chemistry of Zhanghengite
Mindat Formula:
CuZn
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Zhanghengite
Crystal System:
Isometric
Class (H-M):
m3m(4/m32/m) - Hexoctahedral
Space Group:
Im3m
Cell Parameters:
a = 2.92(2) Å
Unit Cell V:
24.90 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
1
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2.089 Å | (100) |
| 1.201 Å | (80) |
| 1.044 Å | (60) |
| 1.470 Å | (50) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust | >4.50 |
| 7 : Ultramafic igneous rocks | |
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Type Occurrence of Zhanghengite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Granular, irregular grains to 0.35 mm; tabular; dendritic.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National Museum for Geology, Beijing, China, number M10486.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Chondrite meteorite.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Zhanghengite
Other Language Names for Zhanghengite
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 1.AB. | 'Native Magnesium' | Mg |
| 1.AB.05 | Native Zinc | Zn |
| 1.AB.05 | 'Native Rhenium' | Re |
| 1.AB.05 | Native Cadmium | Cd |
| 1.AB.05 | Native Titanium | Ti |
| 1.AB.10a | 'Zinccopperite' | Cu7Zn4 (?) |
| 1.AB.10 | 'UM1980-01-E:CuZn' | Cu3Zn |
| 1.AB.10 | 'UM1980-02-E:CuZn' | Cu4.45Zn |
| 1.AB.10 | 'UM2003-03-E:AgAuCuZn' | (Cu,Au,Ag)4Zn |
| 1.AB.10b | 'Tongxinite' | Cu2Zn |
| 1.AB.10a | 'α-Brass' | Cu3Zn |
| 1.AB.10b | Danbaite | CuZn2 |
Other Information
Special Storage/
Display Requirements:
Display Requirements:
tarnishes readily in air
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Zhanghengite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-4398.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Zhanghengite
Reference List:
Localities for Zhanghengite
Showing 8 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Brazil | |
| Campbell (2012) |
China (TL) | |
| Wang Kuiren (1986) |
India | |
| Mallick et al. (2005, March) |
Kazakhstan | |
| Kovalev et al. (2018) |
Russia | |
| Tolstykh et al. (2021) |
| Steffen Möckel analysis |
Vietnam | |
The Moon | |
| T. Gornostaeva analytical data 2016 |
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