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Native Titanium

A valid IMA mineral species

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Native Titanium

Second scoria cone, Northern Breakthrough, Great Fissure eruption, Tolbachik Volcanic field, Milkovsky District, Kamchatka Krai, Russia

Native Titanium

First scoria cone, Northern Breakthrough, Great Fissure eruption, Tolbachik Volcanic field, Milkovsky District, Kamchatka Krai, Russia

Native Titanium

First scoria cone, Northern Breakthrough, Great Fissure eruption, Tolbachik Volcanic field, Milkovsky District, Kamchatka Krai, Russia

Native Titanium

Second scoria cone, Northern Breakthrough, Great Fissure eruption, Tolbachik Volcanic field, Milkovsky District, Kamchatka Krai, Russia

Native Titanium

First scoria cone, Northern Breakthrough, Great Fissure eruption, Tolbachik Volcanic field, Milkovsky District, Kamchatka Krai, Russia

Native Titanium

First scoria cone, Northern Breakthrough, Great Fissure eruption, Tolbachik Volcanic field, Milkovsky District, Kamchatka Krai, Russia

Native Titanium

Second scoria cone, Northern Breakthrough, Great Fissure eruption, Tolbachik Volcanic field, Milkovsky District, Kamchatka Krai, Russia

Native Titanium

First scoria cone, Northern Breakthrough, Great Fissure eruption, Tolbachik Volcanic field, Milkovsky District, Kamchatka Krai, Russia

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About Native TitaniumHide

Formula:

Colour:

Silver-grey

Lustre:

Metallic

Hardness:

Specific Gravity:

4.503 (Calculated)

Crystal System:

Hexagonal

Name:

Titanium, the metallic element, was named in 1795 by Prussian Chemist Klaproth after the Titans of Greek mythology, having investigated titanium oxide from rutile.

As is the habit with most native elements, the mineral name is shared with the element.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Orebody 31 (Chromite deposit 31), Luobusha Mine ("Luobusa" Mine), Luobusha ophiolite ("Luobusa ophiolite"), Qusum Co. (Qusong Co.), Shannan Prefecture (Lhokha Prefecture; Lhoka Prefecture), Tibet, China

Dimorph of:

'UM2000-21-E:Ti'

Two forms of native titanium have been found - one, found in granite, crystallizes in the hexagonal system, the other as minute inclusions in garnet from an ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic complex crystallizes in the tetragonal system (see Tetragonal Titanium).
Hexagonal α-Titanium was described from fumaroles of the Northern Break of Great Fissure Tolbachik Eruption of 1975 in 1992.

Considered doubtful for a longer time, finally approved in 2010 (IMA 2010-044).

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

7339

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:7339:0

IMA Classification of Native TitaniumHide

IMA status:

Approved

Approval year:

2010

First published:

2013

Type description reference:

Fang, Qingsong, Bai, Wenji, Yang, Jingsu, Rong, He, Shi, Nicheng, Li, Guowu, Xiong, Ming, Ma, Zhesheng (2013) Titanium, Ti, A New Mineral Species from Luobusha, Tibet, China. Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition, 87 (5) 1275-1280 doi:10.1111/1755-6724.12128

Classification of Native TitaniumHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

1.AB.05

1 : ELEMENTS (Metals and intermetallic alloys; metalloids and nonmetals; carbides, silicides, nitrides, phosphides)
A : Metals and Intermetallic Alloys
B : Zinc-brass family

Dana 7th ed.:

1.1.36.1

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Ti	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of Native TitaniumHide

Lustre:

Metallic

Transparency:

Opaque

Colour:

Silver-grey

Streak:

Grayish black

Hardness:

4 on Mohs scale

Comment:

Estimated

Tenacity:

Malleable

Cleavage:

None Observed
No apparent cleavage.

Fracture:

Hackly

Density:

4.503 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Comment:

The elemental density is 4.54

Optical Data of Native TitaniumHide

Reflectivity:

Wavelength	R₁ (%)
400nm	33.8%
420nm	36.4%
440nm	38.1%
460nm	40.6%
470nm	40.3%
500nm	41.4%
520nm	41.8%
540nm	45.1%
546nm	45.2%
560nm	48.5%
580nm	48.6%
589nm	48.1%
600nm	48.1%
620nm	52.1%
640nm	50.7%
650nm	50.4%
660nm	50.0%
680nm	51.2%
700nm	51.1%

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 52.1%.

Chemistry of Native TitaniumHide

Mindat Formula:

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
Ti	100.000 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Ti - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of Native TitaniumHide

Crystal System:

Hexagonal

Class (H-M):

6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) - Dihexagonal Dipyramidal

Space Group:

P6₃/mmc

Setting:

P6₃/mmc

Cell Parameters:

a = 2.950(2) Å, c = 4.686(1) Å

Ratio:

a:c = 1 : 1.588

Unit Cell V:

35.32 Å³

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0013128	Native Titanium	Levinger B W (1953) Lattice parameters of beta titanium at room temperature Journal of Metals 5 195-195	1953	synthetic	0	298
0020263	Native Titanium	Fang Q, Bai W, Yang J, Rong H, Shi N, Li G, Xiong M, Ma Z (2013) Titanium, Ti, a new mineral species from Luobusha, Tibet, China Acta Geologica Sinica 87 1275-1280	2013	Harzburgite formation, Luobusha ophiolite, Indus-Yarlong suture zone, China	0	293
0018800	Native Titanium	Glavatskikh S F, Gorshkov A I (1992) Natural analog of alpha-titanium in the exhalation products of the Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption (Kamchatka) Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 327 123-127	1992	Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption (Kamchatka)	0	293
0015116	Native Titanium	Hull A W (1921) Crystal structure of titanium, zirconium, cerium, thorium and osmium Physical Review 18 88-89	1921	synthetic, known as the alpha phase	0	293
0012644	Native Titanium	Chebotareva E S, Nuzhdina S G (1973) Observation of omega-titanium in a composite hard facing alloy based on fine-grain diamonds Fizika Metallov i Metallovedenie 36 200-202	1973	synthetic	4	293
0011195	Native Titanium	Wyckoff R W G (1963) Second edition. Interscience Publishers, New York, New York Hexagonal closest packed, hcp, structure Crystal Structures 1 7-83	1963		0	293
0011232	Native Titanium	Wyckoff R W G (1963) Second edition. Interscience Publishers, New York, New York Body centered cubic, bcc, structure Crystal Structures 1 7-83	1963		0	1173

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Titanium'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Levinger B W'
_journal_name_full 'Journal of Metals'
_journal_volume 5 
_journal_year 1953
_journal_page_first 195
_journal_page_last 195
_publ_section_title
;
 Lattice parameters of beta titanium at room temperature
 Sample: at T = 298 K, known as the beta phase
;
_database_code_amcsd 0013128
_chemical_compound_source 'Synthetic'
_chemical_formula_sum 'Ti'
_cell_length_a 3.282
_cell_length_b 3.282
_cell_length_c 3.282
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 35.352
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      4.498
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'I m 3 m'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '1/2+x,1/2+y,1/2+z'
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  '-z,x,-y'
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  '-x,y,-z'
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  '-z,y,x'
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  'y,x,z'
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  '-x,-z,-y'
  '1/2-x,1/2-z,1/2-y'
  'z,y,x'
  '1/2+z,1/2+y,1/2+x'
  '-y,-x,-z'
  '1/2-y,1/2-x,1/2-z'
  'z,x,-y'
  '1/2+z,1/2+x,1/2-y'
  '-y,-z,x'
  '1/2-y,1/2-z,1/2+x'
  'x,y,-z'
  '1/2+x,1/2+y,1/2-z'
  '-z,-x,y'
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  'y,z,-x'
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  '-x,-y,z'
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  '-z,x,y'
  '1/2-z,1/2+x,1/2+y'
  'y,-z,-x'
  '1/2+y,1/2-z,1/2-x'
  '-x,y,z'
  '1/2-x,1/2+y,1/2+z'
  'z,-x,-y'
  '1/2+z,1/2-x,1/2-y'
  '-y,z,x'
  '1/2-y,1/2+z,1/2+x'
  'x,-y,-z'
  '1/2+x,1/2-y,1/2-z'
  '-x,z,-y'
  '1/2-x,1/2+z,1/2-y'
  'z,-y,x'
  '1/2+z,1/2-y,1/2+x'
  '-y,x,-z'
  '1/2-y,1/2+x,1/2-z'
  'x,-z,y'
  '1/2+x,1/2-z,1/2+y'
  '-z,y,-x'
  '1/2-z,1/2+y,1/2-x'
  'y,-x,z'
  '1/2+y,1/2-x,1/2+z'
  '-x,-z,y'
  '1/2-x,1/2-z,1/2+y'
  'z,y,-x'
  '1/2+z,1/2+y,1/2-x'
  '-y,-x,z'
  '1/2-y,1/2-x,1/2+z'
  'x,z,-y'
  '1/2+x,1/2+z,1/2-y'
  '-z,-y,x'
  '1/2-z,1/2-y,1/2+x'
  'y,x,-z'
  '1/2+y,1/2+x,1/2-z'
  '-z,-x,-y'
  '1/2-z,1/2-x,1/2-y'
  'y,z,x'
  '1/2+y,1/2+z,1/2+x'
  '-x,-y,-z'
  '1/2-x,1/2-y,1/2-z'
  'z,x,y'
  '1/2+z,1/2+x,1/2+y'
  '-y,-z,-x'
  '1/2-y,1/2-z,1/2-x'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
Ti   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
2.569 Å	(32)
2.254 Å	(100)
1.730 Å	(16)
1.478 Å	(21)
0.989 Å	(5)
0.9464 Å	(8)
0.9172 Å	(4)
0.8214 Å	(4)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust	>4.50
7 : Ultramafic igneous rocks
11 : Volcanic fumarole minerals; reduced phases (see also #45)
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks	>3.0
36 : Carbonatites, kimberlites, and related igneous rocks

Type Occurrence of Native TitaniumHide

Type Locality:

General Appearance of Type Material:

As irregular crystals from 0.1 to 0.6 mm in diameter and form an intergrowth with coesite and kyanite.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China, catalogue number 74-3.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

In podiform chromitites.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Coesite

Kyanite

Reference:

Synonyms of Native TitaniumHide

IMA2010-044

Titan

Titanium

Other Language Names for Native TitaniumHide

Dutch:Titanium

German:Titan

Russian:Титан

Varieties of Native TitaniumHide

Tetragonal Titanium

A high-pressure tetragonal 'variety' (modification?) of Titanium.

Originally reported from Yingshan, Yingshan Co., Huanggang Prefecture, Hubei Province, China.

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

3 photos of Native Titanium associated with Yarlongite

Cr₄Fe₄NiC₄

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

1.AB.	'Native Magnesium'	Mg	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
1.AB.05	Native Zinc	Zn	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
1.AB.05	'Native Rhenium'	Re	Hex.
1.AB.05	Native Cadmium	Cd	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
1.AB.10a	'Zinccopperite'	Cu₇Zn₄ (?)
1.AB.10a	Zhanghengite	CuZn	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Im3m
1.AB.10	'UM1980-01-E:CuZn'	Cu₃Zn
1.AB.10	'UM1980-02-E:CuZn'	Cu_4.45Zn
1.AB.10	'UM2003-03-E:AgAuCuZn'	(Cu,Au,Ag)₄Zn
1.AB.10b	'Tongxinite'	Cu₂Zn	Iso.
1.AB.10a	'α-Brass'	Cu₃Zn	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m)
1.AB.10b	Danbaite	CuZn₂	Iso.

Fluorescence of Native TitaniumHide

In UV light:

Non-fluorescent.

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for Native TitaniumHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-7339.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Mineral Dealers:

Buy from D. Joyce minerals

References for Native TitaniumHide

Reference List:

Trunilina, V.A., Roev, S.P., Makhotko, V.F., Zayakina, N.V. (1988) [Native titanium in granitoids of Bezymyannyi massif (Eastern Yakutia)]. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 303 (4) 948-951

Jambor, John L., Vanko, David A. (1991) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 76 (7-8) 1434-1440

Glavatskih, S.F., Gorshkov, A.I. (1992) Natural analogue of α-Titanium in exhalations products of Big Fissure Tolbachik Eruption (Kamchatka). Doklady Rossijskoj akademii nauk. Nauki o Zemle, 327 (1). 126-130

Chen, Jing, Li, Jiliang, Wu, Jun (2000) Native titanium inclusions in the coesite eclogites from Dabieshan, China. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 177 (3) 237-240 doi:10.1016/s0012-821x(00)00057-1

Jambor, J.L. and Roberts, A.C. (2001) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 86: 197-200.

Trinkle, D. R., Jones, M. D., Hennig, R. G., Rudin, S. P., Albers, R. C., Wilkins, J. W. (2006) Empirical tight-binding model for titanium phase transformations. Physical Review B, 73 (9). 094123 doi:10.1103/physrevb.73.094123

Hennig, R. G., Lenosky, T. J., Trinkle, D. R., Rudin, S. P., Wilkins, J. W. (2008) Classical potential describes martensitic phase transformations between the α, β, and ω titanium phases. Physical Review B, 78 (5). 054121 doi:10.1103/physrevb.78.054121

Williams, P. A., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S. J. (2011) New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2010, CNMNC Newsletter No 7. Mineralogical Magazine, 75 (1) 27-31 doi:10.1180/minmag.2011.075.1.27

Mokhov, A.V., Gornostaeava, T.A., Kartashov, P.M., Asadulin, E.E., Bogatidov, O.A. (2014) Nanocrystals of native molybdenum, iron, and titanium in the impact glasses of the lunar regolith. New Data on Minerals, 14-22

Localities for Native TitaniumHide

Showing 15 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Hide all sections | Show all sections

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Australia
New South Wales Bourke Co. Ardlethan Ardlethan mineral field Ardlethan Tin Mines ⓘ Carpathia Mine	...

China
Hubei Huanggang Yingshan Co. ⓘ Yingshan	[var: Tetragonal Titanium] [AmMin 65:198]
Tibet Shannan Prefecture (Lhokha Prefecture; Lhoka Prefecture) Qusum Co. (Qusong Co.) ⓘ Luobusha ophiolite ("Luobusa ophiolite")	Wenji Bai et al. (2004)
ⓘ Kangjinla Cr deposit	Xiangzhen Xu et al. (2013)
Luobusha Mine ("Luobusa" Mine) ⓘ Orebody 31 (Chromite deposit 31) (TL)	Williams et al. (2011) +2 other references

New Zealand
Otago Region ⓘ Clipper-1	Newman (2015)

Pacific Ocean
Sea of Japan ⓘ Belyaevsky Rise	Astakhova et al. (2014)
ⓘ Medvedev Seamount	Astakhova et al. (2014)

Russia
Arkhangelsk Oblast Franz Josef Land ⓘ Alexandra Land Island	Sklyarov et al. (2016)
Irkutsk Oblast Bodaybinsky District Bodaibo Lena Gold District Kropotkinsky ore cluster ⓘ Sukhoi Log deposit	Keren Tan (1998) +1 other reference
Kamchatka Krai Milkovsky District Tolbachik Volcanic field Great Fissure eruption (Main Fracture) Northern Breakthrough (North Breach) ⓘ First scoria cone	Glavatskih et al. (1992)
ⓘ Second scoria cone	Pavel Kartashov Analysis
Yelizovsky District ⓘ Avachinsky volcano (Avacha volcano; Avachinskaya Sopka) ?	S. ISHIMARU (2009)
Sakhalin Oblast Kuril Islands Kurilsky District Iturup Island ⓘ Kudriavy volcano	maurice.strahlen.org (2004)

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Native Titanium

About Native TitaniumHide

Unique IdentifiersHide

IMA Classification of Native TitaniumHide

Classification of Native TitaniumHide

Mineral SymbolsHide

Physical Properties of Native TitaniumHide

Optical Data of Native TitaniumHide

Chemistry of Native TitaniumHide

Crystallography of Native TitaniumHide

Crystal StructureHide

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Geological EnvironmentHide

Type Occurrence of Native TitaniumHide

Synonyms of Native TitaniumHide

Other Language Names for Native TitaniumHide

Varieties of Native TitaniumHide

Common AssociatesHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

Fluorescence of Native TitaniumHide

Other InformationHide

Internet Links for Native TitaniumHide

References for Native TitaniumHide

Localities for Native TitaniumHide

Locality ListHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide