Wüstite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Wüstite
Fritz Wust
Formula:
FeO
Colour:
Black
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
5 - 5½
Specific Gravity:
5.88
Crystal System:
Isometric
Member of:
Name:
Named after Fritz Wüst (8 July 1860, Berg (near Stuttgart), Kingdom of Württemberg, German Empire - 20 March 1938, Düsseldorf, North Rhine-Whesphalia, Germany), German metallurgist and Director for Iron Research of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute, Dusseldorf, Germany.
Name Encoding
ASCII-7:
Wustite
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
4316
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4316:4
Similar Names
| Justite (of Hofmann-Degen) | A variety of Åkermanite | (Ca,Fe,Zn,Mg)3Si2O7 |
IMA Classification of Wüstite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Fe2+O
Type description reference:
Schenck, Rudolf, Dingmann, Th., Bökmann, J., Ebert, W., Kesting, W., Lepetit, G., Müller, Joh., Pratje, W. (1927) Gleichgewichtsuntersuchungen über die Reduktions-, Oxydations- und Kohlungsvorgänge beim Eisen. III. 4. Systematische Untersuchungen über die Reduktions- und Oxydationsbeziehungen zwischen den Eisenoxyden, Eisen, Kohlenmonoxyd und Kohlendioxyd. Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie, 166. 113-154 doi:10.1002/zaac.19271660111
Classification of Wüstite
4.AB.25
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
A : Metal: Oxygen = 2:1 and 1:1
B : M:O = 1:1 (and up to 1:1.25); with small to medium-sized cations only
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
A : Metal: Oxygen = 2:1 and 1:1
B : M:O = 1:1 (and up to 1:1.25); with small to medium-sized cations only
4.2.1.6
4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
2 : AX
4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
2 : AX
7.20.1
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
20 : Oxides of Fe
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
20 : Oxides of Fe
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Wüs | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Wus | Kretz (1983) | Kretz, R. (1983) Symbols of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277–279. |
| Wus | Siivolam & Schmid (2007) | Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download |
| Wus | Whitney & Evans (2010) | Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371 |
| Wus | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Wüstite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Black
Hardness:
5 - 5½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Density:
5.88 g/cm3 (Measured) 5.97 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Wüstite
Colour in reflected light:
gray
Chemistry of Wüstite
Mindat Formula:
FeO
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Wüstite
Crystal System:
Isometric
Class (H-M):
m3m(4/m32/m) - Hexoctahedral
Space Group:
Fm3m
Cell Parameters:
a = 4.296 Å
Unit Cell V:
79.29 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Comment:
Modulated structure.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2.146 Å | (10) |
| 1.518 Å | (8) |
| 2.476 Å | (7) |
| 1.297 Å | (4) |
| 1.243 Å | (4) |
| 1.074 Å | (1) |
| 0.985 Å | (1) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust | >4.50 |
| 8 : Mafic igneous rocks | |
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) | |
| Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics | <3.5-2.5 |
| 38 : Ophiolites | |
| 42 : Sea-floor Mn nodules |
Type Occurrence of Wüstite
Reference:
Schenck, Rudolf, Dingmann, Th., Bökmann, J., Ebert, W., Kesting, W., Lepetit, G., Müller, Joh., Pratje, W. (1927) Gleichgewichtsuntersuchungen über die Reduktions-, Oxydations- und Kohlungsvorgänge beim Eisen. III. 4. Systematische Untersuchungen über die Reduktions- und Oxydationsbeziehungen zwischen den Eisenoxyden, Eisen, Kohlenmonoxyd und Kohlendioxyd. Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie, 166. 113-154 doi:10.1002/zaac.19271660111
Synonyms of Wüstite
Other Language Names for Wüstite
Varieties of Wüstite
| Magnesiowüstite | Fe-bearing variety of periclase. Used synonymously with ferropericlase. |
Relationship of Wüstite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Periclase Group:
| Bunsenite | NiO | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fm3m |
| Manganosite | MnO | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fm3m |
| Periclase | MgO | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fm3m |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 7 photos of Wüstite associated with 'Kamacite' | (Fe,Ni) |
| 5 photos of Wüstite associated with Magnetite | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| 3 photos of Wüstite associated with Goethite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| 2 photos of Wüstite associated with Schreibersite | (Fe,Ni)3P |
| 2 photos of Wüstite associated with Native Iron | Fe |
| 2 photos of Wüstite associated with Serpierite | Ca(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| 2 photos of Wüstite associated with Taenite | (Ni,Fe) |
| 1 photo of Wüstite associated with Troilite | FeS |
| 1 photo of Wüstite associated with Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| 1 photo of Wüstite associated with Hercynite | Fe2+Al2O4 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.AB. | 'Carbon Monoxide Ice' | CO |
| 4.AB.05 | Crednerite | Cu+Mn3+O2 |
| 4.AB.10 | Tenorite | CuO |
| 4.AB.15 | Mcconnellite | CuCrO2 |
| 4.AB.15 | Delafossite | Cu+Fe3+O2 |
| 4.AB.20 | Bromellite | BeO |
| 4.AB.20 | Zincite | ZnO |
| 4.AB.25 | Bunsenite | NiO |
| 4.AB.25 | Periclase | MgO |
| 4.AB.25 | Lime | CaO |
| 4.AB.25 | Manganosite | MnO |
| 4.AB.25 | Monteponite | CdO |
| 4.AB.30 | Palladinite | PdO |
| 4.AB.35 | 'Hongquiite' | TiO |
Other Information
Notes:
highly magnetic
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Wüstite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-4316.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Wüstite
Reference List:
Schenck, Rudolf, Dingmann, Th., Bökmann, J., Ebert, W., Kesting, W., Lepetit, G., Müller, Joh., Pratje, W. (1927) Gleichgewichtsuntersuchungen über die Reduktions-, Oxydations- und Kohlungsvorgänge beim Eisen. III. 4. Systematische Untersuchungen über die Reduktions- und Oxydationsbeziehungen zwischen den Eisenoxyden, Eisen, Kohlenmonoxyd und Kohlendioxyd. Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie, 166. 113-154 doi:10.1002/zaac.19271660111
Chandy, K.C. (1965) An occurrence of wüstite. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 35 (272) 664-666 doi:10.1180/minmag.1965.035.272.13
Yamamoto, A. (1982) Modulated structure of wustite (Fe1−xO) (three-dimensional modulation). Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry, 38 (5). 1451-1456 doi:10.1107/s056774088200613x
Hazen, Robert M.; Jeanloz, Raymond (1984) Wüstite (Fe1‐xO): A review of its defect structure and physical properties. Reviews of Geophysics, 22 (1). 37-46 doi:10.1029/rg022i001p00037
de Faria, D. L. A., Venâncio Silva, S., de Oliveira, M. T. (1997) Raman microspectroscopy of some iron oxides and oxyhydroxides. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 28 (11). 873-878 doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4555(199711)28:11<873::aid-jrs177>3.0.co;2-b
Localities for Wüstite
Showing 136 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Afghanistan | |
| Merkel et al. (2013) |
Algeria | |
| Buchwald (1975) |
Antarctica | |
| [var: Magnesiowüstite] Kimura et al. (1992) |
Argentina | |
| rruff.info (2013) |
| Voldman et al. (2013) |
Atlantic Ocean | |
| Bortnikov et al. (2001) |
Australia | |
| Tomioka et al. (1999) |
| Parbhakar-Fox et al. (2019) |
Austria | |
| Kolitsch et al. (2013) |
| peter neschen collection |
| Neschen (n.d.) | |
| Bechter (2009) |
Azerbaijan | |
| Novgorodova M.I. (caspian Sea) |
| Buchwald (1975) |
Belarus | |
| Bakhtin et al. (2017) |
| Levitskiy et al. (2018, July) |
Brazil | |
| Kaminsky et al. (2015) +2 other references |
Burkina Faso | |
| Buchwald (1975) |
Canada | |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
China | |
| Kuiren Wang (1987) |
| Yu (1984) |
| [var: Magnesiowüstite] [AmMin 85:1564] +1 other reference |
| Jingsui Yang et al. (2006) |
| [var: Magnesiowüstite] Sharp et al. (1996) |
| Pujol-Solà et al. (2021) |
| Wenji Bai et al. (2001) |
| Xu et al. (2009) |
| Zhang et al. (2016) | |
| Yongheng Chen and Daode Wang (1989) |
Croatia | |
| Buchwald (1975) |
Czech Republic | |
| Pauliš P. Mineralogické lokality ... |
| Buchwald (1975) |
| Seifert +3 other references |
| Janíčková et al. (2012) |
Egypt | |
| Folco et al. (2022) |
Estonia | |
| Marini et al. (2004) |
France | |
| Vernay (1997) |
| Germain C. et al. (1990) |
| de la Paix Izerumugaba et al. (2026) |
| Ambert et al. (2014) |
| Dill (2008) |
| Lheur et al. (1998) |
Germany | |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1960) |
| Buchwald (1975) |
| "Lithothek" collection of the ... |
| Bender et al. (1994) +1 other reference |
| Neschen (n.d.) |
| Neschen (n.d.) |
| Wittern (2001) |
Greece | |
| Stephan Wolfsried specimen |
Greenland | |
| ULFF-MØLLER (1985) |
India | |
| Buchwald (1975) |
| Ma et al. (2021) |
| Buchwald (1975) |
| Bapna et al. (1991) |
| Buchwald (1975) |
Israel | |
| Galuskin +1 other reference |
| Futrzyński et al. (2023) | |
| Galuskin et al. (2022) | |
Italy | |
| Gordon (2004) +1 other reference |
| [var: Magnesiowüstite] E. K. Zinner (1991) |
| Carapezza et al. (1975) |
| Manasse et al. (2002) |
| Manasse et al. (2002) |
| Manasse et al. (2002) | |
| Costagliola et al. (2008) |
| Mascaro et al. (1995) |
| Franzini et al. (1992) +2 other references |
Libya | |
| [var: Magnesiowüstite] Masaaki Miyahara1 et al. (2011) |
Mexico | |
| Buchwald (1975) |
| Buchwald (1975) |
Mongolia | |
| [var: Magnesiowüstite] Peretyazhko et al. (2017) +1 other reference |
| Peretyazhko et al. (2017) +1 other reference |
Morocco | |
| [var: Magnesiowüstite] +1 other reference |
Myanmar | |
| Shi et al. (2011) |
| Shi et al. (2011) | |
Namibia | |
| Ettler et al. (2009) |
New Zealand | |
| Newman (2015) |
North Macedonia | |
| Đorđević et al. (2024) |
Oman | |
| D.D. Badjukov et al. et al. (2005) |
Pakistan | |
| Buchwald (1975) |
Poland | |
| Ref.: Kucha H. |
| Cempa et al. (2024) | |
| Stepniewski et al. (1998) |
| Cempa et al. (2024) |
Portugal | |
| Buchwald (1975) |
Romania | |
| Udubasa et al. (2011) |
| Hirtopanu (2006) +1 other reference |
| Hîrtopanu (2006) +2 other references |
Russia | |
| Rappenglück (2022) |
| [var: Magnesiowüstite] Cesnokov et al. (1998) |
| Sharygin et al. (2013) | |
| L. N. Novoselova (1986) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Feklichev et al. (1998) | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Buchwald (1975) |
| Vishnevsky et al. (2003) |
| [World of Stones 12:49] | |
| kimberlite. 21 st meeting of the ... +1 other reference |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data |
| 6th orogenic lherzolite conference 2014 ... +1 other reference |
Sierra Leone | |
| Haggerty et al. (1990) |
Somalia | |
| Ma et al. (2023) +1 other reference |
South Africa | |
| Buchwald (1975) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
South Korea | |
| Choi et al. (2024) |
Spain | |
| Portillo-Blanco +5 other references |
| Groznova M.V. (2001) |
Sudan | |
| Mariam Horstmann et al. (2012) |
Switzerland | |
| Wenk +4 other references |
Tajikistan | |
| Rappenglück (2022) |
| Novgorodova M.I. (1996) |
Turkey | |
| Buchwald (1975) +1 other reference |
UK | |
| Peter Trebilcock Collection. |
| Buchwald (1975) +1 other reference |
| Rust (2022) |
Ukraine | |
| Yatsenko et al. (2021) |
USA | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Buchwald (1975) |
| Buchwald (1975) |
| Kaplan (2016) |
| Smith and Barnes (2011) |
| Smith and Barnes (2011) |
Vietnam | |
| B. Fojt & I. Kusinir (2001) |
The Moon | |
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