Crednerite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Crednerite
Karl F. H. Credner
Formula:
Cu+Mn3+O2
Colour:
Bright gray to iron black
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
4
Specific Gravity:
4.98 - 5.34
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in honor of Karl Friedrich Heinrich Credner (13 March 1809, Waltershausen, Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (now Germany) – 28 September 1876, Halle, Saxony-Anhalt), German mining geologist and mineralogist who discovered the mineral.
This page provides mineralogical data about Crednerite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1150
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1150:7
IMA Classification of Crednerite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Cu1+Mn3+O2
First published:
1847
Classification of Crednerite
4.AB.05
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
A : Metal: Oxygen = 2:1 and 1:1
B : M:O = 1:1 (and up to 1:1.25); with small to medium-sized cations only
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
A : Metal: Oxygen = 2:1 and 1:1
B : M:O = 1:1 (and up to 1:1.25); with small to medium-sized cations only
7.1.2.1
7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
1 : ABX2
7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
1 : ABX2
7.3.5
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
3 : Oxides of Cu
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
3 : Oxides of Cu
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Cnr | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Crednerite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Bright gray to iron black
Streak:
Brownish-black
Hardness:
4 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=231 - 297 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
In the plane of the plate; along the striae and inclined about 76° to the plate - less perfect.
perfect {001}; also {100}, perfect, {111}, prominent, {111} and {212}, poor.
In the plane of the plate; along the striae and inclined about 76° to the plate - less perfect.
perfect {001}; also {100}, perfect, {111}, prominent, {111} and {212}, poor.
Density:
4.98 - 5.34 g/cm3 (Measured) 5.46 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Crednerite
Anisotropism:
strong
Bireflectance:
Strong; pale yellow to brownish gray
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 (%) | R2 (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 400nm | 28.3% | 28.6% |
| 420nm | 27.4% | 30.1% |
| 440nm | 26.5% | 31.6% |
| 460nm | 25.8% | 32.9% |
| 480nm | 25.1% | 33.7% |
| 500nm | 24.5% | 34.0% |
| 520nm | 24.1% | 34.3% |
| 540nm | 23.8% | 34.2% |
| 560nm | 23.5% | 34.1% |
| 580nm | 23.3% | 33.7% |
| 600nm | 23.1% | 33.1% |
| 620nm | 22.9% | 32.6% |
| 640nm | 22.7% | 32.0% |
| 660nm | 22.5% | 31.2% |
| 680nm | 22.4% | 30.5% |
| 700nm | 22.2% | 29.9% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 34.3%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
cream white
Chemistry of Crednerite
Mindat Formula:
Cu+Mn3+O2
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Crednerite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/m
Setting:
C12/m1
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.58 Å, b = 2.87 Å, c = 5.87 Å
β = 104°
β = 104°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.944 : 1 : 2.045
Unit Cell V:
91.21 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Occurs in thin six-sided plates; radiating, hemispherical or spherulitic aggregates. Earthy coatings.
Twinning:
Three-fold set of striae intersecting on the plate at about 60° may represent twin lamellae. Polysynthetic twinning noted in polished sections at times.
Comment:
on synthetic material
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0011064 | Crednerite | Topfer J, Trari M, Gravereau P, Chaminade J P, Doumerc J P (1995) Crystal growth and reinvestigation of the crystal structure of crednerite, CuMnO2 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 210 184-187 |  | 1995 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
| 0015535 | Crednerite | Kondrashev I D (1959) The crystal structure and composition of crednerite, CuMnO2 Soviet Physics Crystallography 3 703-706 | 1959 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2.85 Å | (6) |
| 2.71 Å | (10) |
| 2.43 Å | (10) |
| 2.24 Å | (5b) |
| 1.764 Å | (3) |
| 1.613 Å | (4) |
| 1.560 Å | (4) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Geological Setting:
low-temperature secondary mineral
Type Occurrence of Crednerite
Synonyms of Crednerite
Other Language Names for Crednerite
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 13 photos of Crednerite associated with Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 12 photos of Crednerite associated with Mendipite | Pb3Cl2O2 |
| 12 photos of Crednerite associated with Chloroxiphite | Pb3CuO2Cl2(OH)2 |
| 11 photos of Crednerite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 10 photos of Crednerite associated with Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| 7 photos of Crednerite associated with Mereheadite | Pb47Cl25(OH)13O24(CO3)(BO3)2 |
| 4 photos of Crednerite associated with Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| 3 photos of Crednerite associated with Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| 2 photos of Crednerite associated with Hydrocerussite | Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| 1 photo of Crednerite associated with Diaboleite | Pb2CuCl2(OH)4 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.AB. | 'Carbon Monoxide Ice' | CO |
| 4.AB.10 | Tenorite | CuO |
| 4.AB.15 | Mcconnellite | CuCrO2 |
| 4.AB.15 | Delafossite | Cu+Fe3+O2 |
| 4.AB.20 | Bromellite | BeO |
| 4.AB.20 | Zincite | ZnO |
| 4.AB.25 | Bunsenite | NiO |
| 4.AB.25 | Periclase | MgO |
| 4.AB.25 | Lime | CaO |
| 4.AB.25 | Manganosite | MnO |
| 4.AB.25 | Monteponite | CdO |
| 4.AB.25 | Wüstite | FeO |
| 4.AB.30 | Palladinite | PdO |
| 4.AB.35 | 'Hongquiite' | TiO |
Fluorescence of Crednerite
None
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Crednerite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1150.html
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References for Crednerite
Reference List:
Rammelsberg, C. (1848) Ueber das Mangankupfererz von Friedrichsrode, Zusatz zu der vorhergehenden Abhandlung. Poggendorffs Annalen der Physik und Chemie, 150. 559-562 doi:10.1002/andp.18481500808
Spencer, L. J. (1923) New lead-copper minerals from the Mendip Hills (Somerset) Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 20 (102) 67-92 doi:10.1180/minmag.1923.020.102.01 p.87
Orcel, Jean, Pavlovitch, Stoyan (1931) Les caractères microscopiques des oxydes de manganèse et des manganites naturels (Détermination de leurs pouvoirs réflecteurs) Bulletin de Minéralogie, 54 (5) 108-179 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1931.4130
McAndrew, John (1956) Crystallography and composition of crednerite. American Mineralogist, 41 (3-4) 276-287
Gaudefroy, Christophe, Dietrich, Joseph, Permingeat, François, Picot, Paul (1966) La crednérite, sa composition chimique et sa signification génétique. Bulletin de Minéralogie, 89 (1) 80-88 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1966.5932
Ramdohr, Paul (1969) The Ore Minerals and their Intergrowths. Pergamon Press, Oxford. 1174pp. doi:10.1016/c2013-0-10027-x
Holtstam, Dan (1991) Crednerite from Långban and Jakobsberg, Filipstad, Sweden. Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 113 (2) 159-161 doi:10.1080/11035899109453849
MATSUBARA, Satoshi, KATO, Akira, HASHIMOTO, Etsuo, SEKIUCHI, Kôsuke (1994) Crednerite from the Gozaisho Mine, Iwaki City, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. Mineralogical Journal, 17 (1) 21-27 doi:10.2465/minerj.17.21
Localities for Crednerite
Showing 48 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Bayerl et al. (12/21) |
Austria | |
| Krause et al. (2025) |
Germany | |
| Der Aufschluss 2000 (2) |
| Habel et al. (2009) |
| Heckmann et al. (2005) +1 other reference |
| Palache et al. (1951) +2 other references |
Italy | |
| 415. +1 other reference |
| Palenzona A. (1987) |
| EDX probed by AMI-SIUK. March/08/2013 |
| - (n.d.) |
| - (n.d.) |
| SEM/EDS |
| Bonifazi (2021) |
Japan | |
| www.issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp (2016) |
| MATSUBARA et al. (1994) +2 other references |
| Nagashima et al. (2021) |
Jordan | |
| Kim et al. (2021) |
Mexico | |
| Stevens (1911) +1 other reference |
Morocco | |
| Gaudefroy et al. (1966) |
| FAVREAU G. & DIETRICH J.E. (2006) |
Namibia | |
| American Mineralogist +1 other reference |
Romania | |
| minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu (2008) |
| Hîrtopanu (1997) +1 other reference |
Serbia | |
| Pačevski et al. (2016) +1 other reference |
Spain | |
| Joan Rosell |
Sweden | |
| Holtstam (1991) +2 other references |
| Holtstam (1991) |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
UK | |
| Day (1999) |
| Turner (2005) +2 other references |
| Day (1999) |
| Clark (1993) |
USA | |
| Graeme (1993) +1 other reference |
| Graeme (1993) +1 other reference | |
| R.O. Meyer collection |
| Dana 7:722 |
| Murdoch (1966) | |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Gillerman (1964) +1 other reference |
| - (2005) | |
| Gillerman (1964) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Lapham et al. (1965) |
| Smith (1991) |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Cannon (1975) |
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Gambatesa Mine, Reppia, Ne, Genoa, Liguria, Italy