Xitieshanite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Xitieshanite
Formula:
Fe3+(SO4)Cl · 6H2O
Colour:
Bright green, yellowish tint
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
2½
Specific Gravity:
1.99
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named after its discovery locality, the Xitieshan Pb-Zn deposit, Qinghai Province, China.
This page provides mineralogical data about Xitieshanite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
4341
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4341:6
IMA Classification of Xitieshanite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Fe3+S6+O4Cl·6H2O
First published:
1982
Classification of Xitieshanite
7.DC.20
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
C : With only medium-sized cations; chains of edge-sharing octahedra
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
C : With only medium-sized cations; chains of edge-sharing octahedra
31.9.6.3
31 : HYDRATED SULFATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
9 : (AB)(XO4)Zq·xH2O
31 : HYDRATED SULFATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
9 : (AB)(XO4)Zq·xH2O
26.28
26 : Sulphates with Halide
26 : Sulphates with Halide
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Xit | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Xitieshanite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Bright green, yellowish tint
Streak:
Yellow
Hardness:
2½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=62.6 - Vickers
Cleavage:
Imperfect/Fair
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Conchoidal
Density:
1.99 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.02 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Xitieshanite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.536 nβ = 1.570 nγ = 1.628
2V:
Measured: 77° , Calculated: 78°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.092
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
r < v strong
Optical Extinction:
Extinction parallel or inclined, elongation positive or negative.
Pleochroism:
Strong
Comments:
X = colourless to pale yellow tint; Y = pale yellow; Z = light yellow with greenish tint.
Chemistry of Xitieshanite
Mindat Formula:
Fe3+(SO4)Cl · 6H2O
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Xitieshanite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/b
Setting:
P21/a
Cell Parameters:
a = 14.102 Å, b = 6.908 Å, c = 10.673 Å
β = 111.26°
β = 111.26°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 2.041 : 1 : 1.545
Unit Cell V:
968.97 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0019142 | Xitieshanite | Jingliang Z, Li J, Wei D (1988) The crystal structure of xitieshanite Kexue Tongbao 33 502-505 | 1988 | Xitieshan, Quinghai Province, China | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.96 Å | (100) |
| 4.81 Å | (100) |
| 3.90 Å | (90) |
| 6.67 Å | (60) |
| 6.09 Å | (50) |
| 5.69 Å | (50) |
| 5.44 Å | (50) |
Comments:
Xitieshan mine, China. Data from the type description.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 45a : [Sulfates, arsenates, selenates, antimonates] | |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47b : [Sulfates and sulfites] | |
| Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals | <10 Ka |
| 54 : Coal and other mine fire minerals (see also #51 and #56) |
Type Occurrence of Xitieshanite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Rhombic rectangular crystals or massive aggregates up to 2 x 2 cm.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Institute of Geochemistry, Guiyang; Museum of Geology, Beijing, China.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Oxidation zone of a lead-zinc deposit.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Other Language Names for Xitieshanite
Relationship of Xitieshanite to other Species
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 7.DC.05 | Meta-aluminite | Al2(SO4)(OH)4 · 5H2O |
| 7.DC.05 | Aluminite | Al2(SO4)(OH)4 · 7H2O |
| 7.DC.10 | Parabutlerite | Fe3+(SO4)(OH) · 2H2O |
| 7.DC.10 | Butlerite | Fe3+(SO4)(OH) · 2H2O |
| 7.DC.15 | Fibroferrite | Fe3+(SO4)(OH) · 5H2O |
| 7.DC.25 | Zincobotryogen | (Zn,Mg,Mn2+)Fe3+(SO4)2(OH) · 7H2O |
| 7.DC.25 | Botryogen | MgFe3+(SO4)2(OH) · 7H2O |
| 7.DC.30 | Chaidamuite | ZnFe3+(SO4)2(OH) · 4H2O |
| 7.DC.30 | Guildite | CuFe3+(SO4)2(OH) · 4H2O |
| 7.DC.40 | Pauladamsite | Cu4(SeO3)(SO4)(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| 7.DC.45 | Riotintoite | Al(SO4)(OH) · 3H2O |
| 7.DC.50 | Thorneite | Pb6(Te6+2O10)(CO3)Cl2(H2O) |
| 7.DC.55 | Vendidaite | Al2(SO4)(OH)3Cl · 6H2O |
Other Information
Thermal Behaviour:
DTA curve shows strong endothermic peaks at 85° and 170°C (dehydration), a weak endothermic peak at 460°C (loss of OH), and a strong endothermic peak at 735°C (loss of SO3).
Notes:
Soluble in cold water or dilute acids.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Xitieshanite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-4341.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Xitieshanite
Reference List:
Dunn, Pete J.; Cabri, Louis J.; Ferraiolo, James A.; Grice, Joel Do.; Jambor, John L.; Mueller, Wolfgang; Shigley, James E.; Puziewicz, Jacek; Vanko, David A. (1984) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 69 (11-12). 1190-1196
Jambor, John L., Burke, Ernst A. J. (1989) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 74 (11-12) 1399-1404 p.1404
Localities for Xitieshanite
Showing 6 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Bulgaria | |
| Младенова et al. (2007) |
Chile | |
| XRD by Joachim Lorenz |
China | |
| Liu et al. (2018) |
| Li et al. (1982) |
USA | |
| Melchiorre (2005) |
| Kilburn et al. (1996) |
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Unnamed Cu mine [1], Mejillones peninsula, Mejillones, Antofagasta Province, Antofagasta, Chile