Shulamitite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Shulamitite
Shulamit Gross
Formula:
Ca3TiFe3+AlO8
Colour:
Reddish brown
Lustre:
Adamantine, Sub-Metallic
Hardness:
6 - 7
Specific Gravity:
3.84 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
Named in honor of Shulamit Gross (1 October 1923, Grodno, Poland (now Belarus) - 19 September 2012), geologist, mineralogist, and emeritus member of the Geological Survey of Israel. She did a lot of early work on the the Hatrurim Formation, showing that many of the minerals formed by pyrometamorphism. In 1977 she published "The Mineralogy of the Hatrurim Formation, Israel" a monograph describing 123 mineral species discovered in the Hatrurim Formation. She discovered and described bentorite, ye’elimite, and hatrurite. The mineral grossite is also named for her. The name shulamitite, being a reddish brown mineral, is also related to biblical Shulamit, red-haired sweetheart of King Solomon.
Intermediate, entropy-stabilised phase between brownmillerite and perovskite. The Al analogue of sharyginite.
Known as a synthetic phase.
Compare also Unnamed (Ca-Ti-Fe-Al Oxide II).
Known as a synthetic phase.
Compare also Unnamed (Ca-Ti-Fe-Al Oxide II).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
41290
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:41290:0
IMA Classification of Shulamitite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Ca3Ti4+Fe3+AlO8
Approval year:
2011
First published:
2013
Type description reference:
Sharygin, Victor V., Lazic, Biljana, Armbruster, Thomas M., Murashko, Mikhail N., Wirth, Richard, Galuskina, Irina O., Galuskin, Evgeny V., Vapnik, Yevgeny, Britvin, Sergey N., Logvinova, Alla M. (2013) Shulamitite Ca3TiFe3+AlO8 - a new perovskite-related mineral from Hatrurim Basin, Israel. European Journal of Mineralogy, 25 (1) 97-111 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2013/0025-2259
Classification of Shulamitite
4.AC.10
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
A : Metal: Oxygen = 2:1 and 1:1
C : M:O = 1:1 (and up to 1:1.25); with large cations (+- smaller ones)
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
A : Metal: Oxygen = 2:1 and 1:1
C : M:O = 1:1 (and up to 1:1.25); with large cations (+- smaller ones)
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Sla | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Shulamitite
Adamantine, Sub-Metallic
Colour:
Reddish brown
Streak:
Light brown
Hardness:
6 - 7 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=683 - 977 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Good on {010} and imperfect on {001} and {100}
Good on {010} and imperfect on {001} and {100}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
3.84 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
Density in the range 3.84-3.865 was calculated
Optical Data of Shulamitite
Anisotropism:
Weak
Bireflectance:
Weak
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 (%) | R2 (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 400nm | 14.6% | 13.4% |
| 420nm | 13.6% | 12.5% |
| 440nm | 13.3% | 12.2% |
| 460nm | 12.9% | 11.9% |
| 480nm | 12.5% | 11.6% |
| 500nm | 12.6% | 11.6% |
| 520nm | 12.3% | 11.4% |
| 540nm | 12.2% | 11.4% |
| 560nm | 13.1% | 12.2% |
| 580nm | 12.5% | 11.7% |
| 600nm | 12.2% | 11.6% |
| 620nm | 12.2% | 11.5% |
| 640nm | 12.3% | 11.5% |
| 660nm | 12.3% | 11.4% |
| 680nm | 11.9% | 11.3% |
| 700nm | 11.7% | 11.2% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 14.6%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
Grey to light grey
Internal Reflections:
Yellow-brown
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
In thin section from reddish brown to yellow-brown, under reflected light from grey to light grey.
Chemistry of Shulamitite
Mindat Formula:
Ca3TiFe3+AlO8
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Shulamitite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm(2/m2/m2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
Pmma
Setting:
Pmma
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.4200(6) Å, b = 11.064(1) Å, c = 5.5383(7) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.49 : 1 : 0.501
Unit Cell V:
332.12 ų
Z:
2
Morphology:
Xenomorphic or subhedral grains and their intergrowths. Individual prismatic platelets and star-like aggregates. Prismatic crystals have following forms: {100}, {010}, and {001}, rhombic prisms are minor.
Twinning:
The simple (in 90°) and complex (in 90°, 45° and 60°) twinning is common.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2.71 Å | (50) |
| 2.68 Å | (100) |
| 1.940 Å | (80) |
| 1.842 Å | (50) |
| 1.582 Å | (50) |
| 1.559 Å | (50) |
| 1.337 Å | (50) |
| 1.170 Å | (60) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere | <0.6 |
| 51 : Pyrometamorphic minerals (see also #54 and #56) | <0.36 |
Type Occurrence of Shulamitite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Reddish brown subhedral grains or prismatic platelets up to 0.2 mm and intergrowths up to 0.5 mm.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Mineralogical Museum of St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg (number 1/19465) and the Central Siberian Geological Museum of V. S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Novosibirsk (number VII-87/1), both in Russia.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Major to accessory mineral in high-temperature metacarbonate larnite rocks.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Sharygin, Victor V., Lazic, Biljana, Armbruster, Thomas M., Murashko, Mikhail N., Wirth, Richard, Galuskina, Irina O., Galuskin, Evgeny V., Vapnik, Yevgeny, Britvin, Sergey N., Logvinova, Alla M. (2013) Shulamitite Ca3TiFe3+AlO8 - a new perovskite-related mineral from Hatrurim Basin, Israel. European Journal of Mineralogy, 25 (1) 97-111 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2013/0025-2259
Synonyms of Shulamitite
Other Language Names for Shulamitite
Dutch:Shulamitiet
German:Shulamitit
Relationship of Shulamitite to other Species
Other Members of Brownmillerite Subgroup:
| Brownmillerite | Ca2Fe3+AlO5 | Orth. mm2 |
| Nataliakulikite | Ca4Ti2(Fe3+,Fe2+)(Si,Fe3+,Al)O11 | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma |
| Sharyginite | Ca3TiFe2O8 | Orth. mm2 : Pmc21 |
| Srebrodolskite | Ca2Fe3+2O5 | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 6 photos of Shulamitite associated with Larnite | Ca2SiO4 |
| 5 photos of Shulamitite associated with Oldhamite | CaS |
| 5 photos of Shulamitite associated with Fluorkyuygenite | Ca12Al14O32[(H2O)4F2] |
| 2 photos of Shulamitite associated with Stracherite | BaCa6(SiO4)2[(PO4)(CO3)]F |
| 2 photos of Shulamitite associated with Spurrite | Ca5(SiO4)2(CO3) |
| 2 photos of Shulamitite associated with Brownmillerite | Ca2Fe3+AlO5 |
| 2 photos of Shulamitite associated with Elbrusite | Ca3(U6+0.5Zr1.5)[Fe3+O4]3 |
| 2 photos of Shulamitite associated with Ariegilatite | BaCa12(SiO4)4(PO4)2F2O |
| 1 photo of Shulamitite associated with Mayenite Supergroup |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.AC.05 | Swedenborgite | NaBe4Sb5+O7 |
| 4.AC.10 | Brownmillerite | Ca2Fe3+AlO5 |
| 4.AC.10 | Sharyginite | Ca3TiFe2O8 |
| 4.AC.10 | Srebrodolskite | Ca2Fe3+2O5 |
| 4.AC.15 | Montroydite | HgO |
| 4.AC.20 | Romarchite | SnO |
| 4.AC.20 | Litharge | PbO |
| 4.AC.25 | Massicot | PbO |
| 4.AC.30 | Nataliakulikite | Ca4Ti2(Fe3+,Fe2+)(Si,Fe3+,Al)O11 |
Other Information
Notes:
Shulamitite is weakly resistant to weathering or retrograde alteration, sometimes transforming into a hydrated phase CaTiFe3+AlO8.2-3H2O.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Shulamitite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-41290.html
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References for Shulamitite
Reference List:
Grenier, J.-C., Darriet, J., Pouchard, M., Hagenmuller, P. (1976) Mise en evidence d'une nouvelle famille de phases de type perovskite lacunaire ordonnee de formule A3M3O8 (AMO2,67) Materials Research Bulletin, 11 (10) 1219-1225 doi:10.1016/0025-5408(76)90024-6
Rodríguez-Carvajal, J., Vallet-Regí, M., González-Calbert, J.M. (1989) Perovskite threefold superlattices: A structure determination of the A3M3O8 phase. Materials Research Bulletin, 24 (4) 423-430 doi:10.1016/0025-5408(89)90023-8
Prasanna, T.R.S., Navrotsky, A. (1994) Energetics in the brownmillerite-perovskite pseudobinary Ca2Fe2O5-CaTiO3. Journal of Materials Research, 9 (12) 3121-3124 doi:10.1557/jmr.1994.3121
Sharygin, V.V., Sokol, E.V., Vapnik, Ye. (2008) Minerals of the pseudobinary perovskite-brownmillerite series from combustion metamorphic larnite rocks of the Hatrurim Formation (Israel) Russian Geology and Geophysics, 49 (10) 709-726 doi:10.1016/j.rgg.2008.03.001
Williams, P. A., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S. J. (2011) New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2011, CNMNC Newsletter No. 10. Mineralogical Magazine, 75 (5) 2549-2561 doi:10.1180/minmag.2011.075.5.2549
Sharygin, Victor V., Lazic, Biljana, Armbruster, Thomas M., Murashko, Mikhail N., Wirth, Richard, Galuskina, Irina O., Galuskin, Evgeny V., Vapnik, Yevgeny, Britvin, Sergey N., Logvinova, Alla M. (2013) Shulamitite Ca3TiFe3+AlO8 - a new perovskite-related mineral from Hatrurim Basin, Israel. European Journal of Mineralogy, 25 (1) 97-111 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2013/0025-2259
Localities for Shulamitite
Showing 14 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Austria | |
| Kolitsch et al. (2011) +1 other reference |
Germany | |
| Skrzyńska et al. (2023) |
| Juroszek et al. (Ti 5 Fe) | |
| EMPA data |
| Sharygin (2012) | |
Hungary | |
| Szakáll et al. (2018) |
Israel | |
| Juroszek et al. (2019) |
| Sharygin et al. (2008) +2 other references |
| Krüger et al. (2018) +2 other references | |
| Galuskin et al. (2016) | |
Middle East | |
| Vapnik et al. (2014) | |
Palestine | |
| Galuskina et al. (2019) |
| Galuskin et al. (2015) |
Ukraine | |
| V.V. Sharygin (2011) |
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Hatrurim Formation, Middle East