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Brownmillerite

A valid IMA mineral species

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Photos of Brownmillerite (11)Discuss Brownmillerite

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Brownmillerite

Emmelberg, Üdersdorf, Daun, Vulkaneifel, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany

Brownmillerite

Caspar quarry, Ettringen, Vordereifel, Mayen-Koblenz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany

Brownmillerite

Basalt quarry, Klöch, Südoststeiermark District, Styria, Austria

Brownmillerite

Emmelberg, Üdersdorf, Daun, Vulkaneifel, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany

Brownmillerite

Caspar quarry, Ettringen, Vordereifel, Mayen-Koblenz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany

Brownmillerite

Basalt quarry, Klöch, Südoststeiermark District, Styria, Austria

Brownmillerite

Emmelberg, Üdersdorf, Daun, Vulkaneifel, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany

Brownmillerite

Caspar quarry, Ettringen, Vordereifel, Mayen-Koblenz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany

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About BrownmilleriteHide

Formula:

Ca₂Fe³⁺AlO₅

Colour:

Reddish-brown

Lustre:

Sub-Vitreous

Specific Gravity:

3.76

Crystal System:

Orthorhombic

Member of:

Brownmillerite Subgroup > Non-stoichiometric Perovskites Group > Perovskite Supergroup

Name:

The artificial compound was named in 1932 for Dr. Lorrin Thomas Brownmiller (1902-1990), Chief Chemist of the Alpha Portland Cement Company, Easton, Pennsylvania, USA. The name was then transferred to the naturally-occurring mineral.

Co-Type Localities:

ⓘ Mayener Feld, Mayen, Mayen-Koblenz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
ⓘ Ettringer Feld, Ettringen, Vordereifel, Mayen-Koblenz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany

Brownmillerite-Srebrodolskite Series. Compare gorerite.

Compare also the related species shulamitite.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

790

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:790:2

IMA Classification of BrownmilleriteHide

IMA status:

Approved

Approval year:

1963

Classification of BrownmilleriteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

4.AC.10

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
A : Metal: Oxygen = 2:1 and 1:1
C : M:O = 1:1 (and up to 1:1.25); with large cations (+- smaller ones)

Dana 8th ed.:

7.11.2.1

7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
11 : Miscellaneous

Hey's CIM Ref.:

7.20.15

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
20 : Oxides of Fe

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Bmlr	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Pronunciation of BrownmilleriteHide

Pronunciation:

Play	Recorded by	Country
	Jolyon Ralph	United Kingdom

Physical Properties of BrownmilleriteHide

Lustre:

Sub-Vitreous

Transparency:

Transparent, Translucent

Colour:

Reddish-brown

Streak:

White

Tenacity:

Brittle

Cleavage:

None Observed

Fracture:

Splintery

Density:

3.76 g/cm³ (Measured) 3.70 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of BrownmilleriteHide

Type:

Biaxial (-)

RI values:

n_α = 1.96 n_β = 2.01 n_γ = 2.04

2V:

Measured: 75° , Calculated: 72°

Birefringence:

0.08

Max. Birefringence:

δ = 0.080
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.

Thickness: 30 µm Order divisions

Rotation:

Surface Relief:

Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).

This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral colouration.

Focus:

In focus

Interference Figure:

This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure - the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are isogyres.

Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.

Thickness: 30 µm

Stage rotation: 0°

Dispersion:

strong

Chemistry of BrownmilleriteHide

Mindat Formula:

Ca₂Fe³⁺AlO₅

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
Ca	32.989 %
O	32.923 %
Fe	22.983 %
Al	11.104 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Al, Ca, Fe, O - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of BrownmilleriteHide

Crystal System:

Orthorhombic

Class (H-M):

mm2 - Pyramidal

Cell Parameters:

a = 5.57 Å, b = 14.52 Å, c = 5.34 Å

Ratio:

a:b:c = 0.384 : 1 : 0.368

Unit Cell V:

431.88 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Comment:

Space group Ibm2. Other cell parameters given: a = 5.584(5), b = 14.60(1), c = 5.374(5) A.

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0017771	Brownmillerite	Vanpeteghem C B, Angel R J, Zhao J, Ross N L, Redhammer G J, Seifert F (2008) The effect of oxygen vacancies and aluminium substitution on the high-pressure properties of brownmillerite-structured Ca2Fe2-xAlxO5 Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 35 493-504	2008	synthetic	0.0001	293
0003442	Brownmillerite	Redhammer G J, Tippelt G, Roth G, Amthauer G (2004) Structural variations in the brownmillerite series Ca2(Fe2-xAlx)O5: Single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 25 deg C and high temperature X-ray powder diffraction (25 C <= T <= 1000 C) American Mineralogist 89 405-420	2004	synthetic	0	293
0003441	Brownmillerite	Redhammer G J, Tippelt G, Roth G, Amthauer G (2004) Structural variations in the brownmillerite series Ca2(Fe2-xAlx)O5: Single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 25 deg C and high temperature X-ray powder diffraction (25 C <= T <= 1000 C) American Mineralogist 89 405-420	2004	synthetic	0	293
0003440	Brownmillerite	Redhammer G J, Tippelt G, Roth G, Amthauer G (2004) Structural variations in the brownmillerite series Ca2(Fe2-xAlx)O5: Single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 25 deg C and high temperature X-ray powder diffraction (25 C <= T <= 1000 C) American Mineralogist 89 405-420	2004	synthetic	0	293
0003439	Brownmillerite	Redhammer G J, Tippelt G, Roth G, Amthauer G (2004) Structural variations in the brownmillerite series Ca2(Fe2-xAlx)O5: Single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 25 deg C and high temperature X-ray powder diffraction (25 C <= T <= 1000 C) American Mineralogist 89 405-420	2004	synthetic	0	293
0003438	Brownmillerite	Redhammer G J, Tippelt G, Roth G, Amthauer G (2004) Structural variations in the brownmillerite series Ca2(Fe2-xAlx)O5: Single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 25 deg C and high temperature X-ray powder diffraction (25 C <= T <= 1000 C) American Mineralogist 89 405-420	2004	synthetic	0	293
0003437	Brownmillerite	Redhammer G J, Tippelt G, Roth G, Amthauer G (2004) Structural variations in the brownmillerite series Ca2(Fe2-xAlx)O5: Single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 25 deg C and high temperature X-ray powder diffraction (25 C <= T <= 1000 C) American Mineralogist 89 405-420	2004	synthetic	0	293
0003436	Brownmillerite	Redhammer G J, Tippelt G, Roth G, Amthauer G (2004) Structural variations in the brownmillerite series Ca2(Fe2-xAlx)O5: Single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 25 deg C and high temperature X-ray powder diffraction (25 C <= T <= 1000 C) American Mineralogist 89 405-420	2004	synthetic	0	293
0003435	Brownmillerite	Redhammer G J, Tippelt G, Roth G, Amthauer G (2004) Structural variations in the brownmillerite series Ca2(Fe2-xAlx)O5: Single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 25 deg C and high temperature X-ray powder diffraction (25 C <= T <= 1000 C) American Mineralogist 89 405-420	2004	synthetic	0	293
0003434	Brownmillerite	Redhammer G J, Tippelt G, Roth G, Amthauer G (2004) Structural variations in the brownmillerite series Ca2(Fe2-xAlx)O5: Single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 25 deg C and high temperature X-ray powder diffraction (25 C <= T <= 1000 C) American Mineralogist 89 405-420	2004	synthetic	0	293
0003433	Brownmillerite	Redhammer G J, Tippelt G, Roth G, Amthauer G (2004) Structural variations in the brownmillerite series Ca2(Fe2-xAlx)O5: Single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 25 deg C and high temperature X-ray powder diffraction (25 C <= T <= 1000 C) American Mineralogist 89 405-420	2004	synthetic	0	293
0009431	Brownmillerite	Colville A, Geller S (1972) Crystal structures of Ca2Fe1.43Al0.57O5 and Ca2Fe1.28Al0.72O5 _cod_database_code 1000040 Acta Crystallographica B28 3196-3200	1972	synthetic	0	293
0009418	Brownmillerite	Colville A A, Geller S (1971) The crystal structure of brownmillerite, Ca2FeAlO5 Acta Crystallographica B27 2311-2315	1971	synthetic	0	293
0017772	Brownmillerite	Vanpeteghem C B, Angel R J, Zhao J, Ross N L, Redhammer G J, Seifert F (2008) The effect of oxygen vacancies and aluminium substitution on the high-pressure properties of brownmillerite-structured Ca2Fe2-xAlxO5 Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 35 493-504	2008	synthetic	1.49	293
0017773	Brownmillerite	Vanpeteghem C B, Angel R J, Zhao J, Ross N L, Redhammer G J, Seifert F (2008) The effect of oxygen vacancies and aluminium substitution on the high-pressure properties of brownmillerite-structured Ca2Fe2-xAlxO5 Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 35 493-504	2008	synthetic	3.21	293
0017774	Brownmillerite	Vanpeteghem C B, Angel R J, Zhao J, Ross N L, Redhammer G J, Seifert F (2008) The effect of oxygen vacancies and aluminium substitution on the high-pressure properties of brownmillerite-structured Ca2Fe2-xAlxO5 Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 35 493-504	2008	synthetic	4.511	293
0017775	Brownmillerite	Vanpeteghem C B, Angel R J, Zhao J, Ross N L, Redhammer G J, Seifert F (2008) The effect of oxygen vacancies and aluminium substitution on the high-pressure properties of brownmillerite-structured Ca2Fe2-xAlxO5 Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 35 493-504	2008	synthetic	6.27	293
0017776	Brownmillerite	Vanpeteghem C B, Angel R J, Zhao J, Ross N L, Redhammer G J, Seifert F (2008) The effect of oxygen vacancies and aluminium substitution on the high-pressure properties of brownmillerite-structured Ca2Fe2-xAlxO5 Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 35 493-504	2008	synthetic	7.73	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Brownmillerite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Vanpeteghem C B'
'Angel R J'
'Zhao J'
'Ross N L'
'Redhammer G J'
'Seifert F'
_journal_name_full 'Physics and Chemistry of Minerals'
_journal_volume 35 
_journal_year 2008
_journal_page_first 493
_journal_page_last 504
_publ_section_title
;
 The effect of oxygen vacancies and aluminium substitution on the
 high-pressure properties of brownmillerite-structured Ca2Fe2-xAlxO5
 Note: x = 0.55
 Note: P = 0.0001 GPa
;
_database_code_amcsd 0017771
_chemical_compound_source 'Synthetic'
_chemical_formula_sum 'Ca2 (Fe1.45 Al.55) O5'
_cell_length_a 5.383
_cell_length_b 14.610
_cell_length_c 5.5920
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 439.786
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      3.866
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'I 2 m b'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '1/2+x,1/2+y,1/2+z'
  'x,1/2+y,-z'
  '1/2+x,+y,1/2-z'
  'x,1/2-y,z'
  '1/2+x,-y,1/2+z'
  'x,-y,-z'
  '1/2+x,1/2-y,1/2-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
Ca   0.49100   0.10833   0.02660   1.00000   0.00899
FeM   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000   0.87000   0.00684
AlM   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000   0.13000   0.00684
FeT   0.95500   0.25000   0.92950   0.58000   0.00722
AlT   0.95500   0.25000   0.92950   0.42000   0.00722
O1   0.24600   0.98610   0.25600   1.00000   0.00735
O2   0.02400   0.14240   0.06990   1.00000   0.00849
O3   0.61200   0.25000   0.86300   1.00000   0.00887

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
7.19 Å	(s)
3.65 Å	(m)
2.78 Å	(s)
2.65 Å	(vs)
2.05 Å	(ms)
1.93 Å	(s)
1.82 Å	(m)

Comments:

Hentschel (1964)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
High-? alteration and/or metamorphism
31 : Thermally altered carbonate, phosphate, and iron formations
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics	<3.5-2.5
40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies)
Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere	<0.6
50 : Coal and/or oil shale minerals	<0.36
51 : Pyrometamorphic minerals (see also #54 and #56)	<0.36
Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals	<10 Ka
54 : Coal and other mine fire minerals (see also #51 and #56)
56 : Slag and smelter minerals (see also #51 and #55)

Geological Setting:

In thermally metamorphosed limestones

Type Occurrence of BrownmilleriteHide

Co-Type Localities:

ⓘ Mayener Feld, Mayen, Mayen-Koblenz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
ⓘ Ettringer Feld, Ettringen, Vordereifel, Mayen-Koblenz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Mineral Museum, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (No. M5026/86)
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA (No. 120045)

Geological Setting of Type Material:

In thermally metamorphosed limestone blocks included in volcanic rocks

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Afwillite	Calcite	Chlormayenite	Diopside	Ettringite
Gehlenite	Grossular	Jasmundite	Jennite	Kalsilite
Larnite	Melilite Group	Portlandite	Pyrrhotite	Spinel
Wollastonite

Synonyms of BrownmilleriteHide

Celite

IMA1963-017

Other Language Names for BrownmilleriteHide

Dutch:Brownmilleriet

German:Brownmillerit
Celit

Russian:Браунмиллерит

Spanish:Brownmillerita
Celita

Relationship of Brownmillerite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Brownmillerite Subgroup > Non-stoichiometric Perovskites Group > Perovskite Supergroup

Other Members of Brownmillerite Subgroup:

Nataliakulikite	Ca₄Ti₂(Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺)(Si,Fe³⁺,Al)O₁₁	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
Sharyginite	Ca₃TiFe₂O₈	Orth. mm2 : Pmc2₁
Shulamitite	Ca₃TiFe³⁺AlO₈	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pmma
Srebrodolskite	Ca₂Fe³⁺₂O₅	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma

Forms a series with:

Srebrodolskite

Brownmillerite-Srebrodolskite Series

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

2 photos of Brownmillerite associated with Stracherite	BaCa₆(SiO₄)₂[(PO₄)(CO₃)]F
2 photos of Brownmillerite associated with Spurrite	Ca₅(SiO₄)₂(CO₃)
2 photos of Brownmillerite associated with Shulamitite	Ca₃TiFe³⁺AlO₈
2 photos of Brownmillerite associated with Ariegilatite	BaCa₁₂(SiO₄)₄(PO₄)₂F₂O
2 photos of Brownmillerite associated with Elbrusite	Ca₃(U⁶⁺_0.5Zr_1.5)[Fe³⁺O₄]₃
1 photo of Brownmillerite associated with Vapnikite	Ca₂CaUO₆
1 photo of Brownmillerite associated with Ye'elimite	Ca₄Al₆(SO₄)O₁₂
1 photo of Brownmillerite associated with Larnite	Ca₂SiO₄
1 photo of Brownmillerite associated with Reinhardbraunsite	Ca₅(SiO₄)₂(OH,F)₂

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

4.AC.05	Swedenborgite	NaBe₄Sb⁵⁺O₇	Hex. 6mm : P6₃mc
4.AC.10	Shulamitite	Ca₃TiFe³⁺AlO₈	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pmma
4.AC.10	Sharyginite	Ca₃TiFe₂O₈	Orth. mm2 : Pmc2₁
4.AC.10	Srebrodolskite	Ca₂Fe³⁺₂O₅	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
4.AC.15	Montroydite	HgO	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pmmn
4.AC.20	Romarchite	SnO	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/mmm
4.AC.20	Litharge	PbO	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nmm
4.AC.25	Massicot	PbO	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmmm
4.AC.30	Nataliakulikite	Ca₄Ti₂(Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺)(Si,Fe³⁺,Al)O₁₁	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma

Fluorescence of BrownmilleriteHide

In UV light:

Not fluorescent in UV

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for BrownmilleriteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-790.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

Mineral Dealers:

Buy from D. Joyce minerals

References for BrownmilleriteHide

Reference List:

Bertaut, E. F., Blum, P., Sagnières, A. (1959) Structure du ferrite bicalcique et de la brownmillerite. Acta Crystallographica, 12 (2) 149-159 doi:10.1107/s0365110x59000433

Smith, D. K. (1962) Crystallographic changes with the substitution of aluminum for iron in dicalcium ferrite. Acta Crystallographica, 15 (11) 1146-1152 doi:10.1107/s0365110x62003011

Hentschel, G. (1964): Mayenit, 12CaO.7Al2O3, und Brownmillerit, 2CaO.(Al,Fe)2O3, zwei neue Minerale in den Kalksteineinschlüssen der Lava des Ettringer Bellerberges: Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 1964: 22-29.

American Mineralogist (1965): 50: 2106.

Colville, A. A., Geller, S. (1971) The crystal structure of brownmillerite, Ca2FeAlO5. Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry, 27 (12) 2311-2315 doi:10.1107/s056774087100579x

Kharton, V.V., Marozau, I.P., Vyshatko, N.P., Shaula, A.L., Viskup, A.P., Naumovich, E.N., Marques, F.M.B. (2003) Oxygen ionic conduction in brownmillerite CaAl0.5Fe0.5O2.5+. Materials Research Bulletin, 38 (5). 773-782 doi:10.1016/s0025-5408(03)00069-2

Waerenborgh, J.C., Rojas, D.P., Vyshatko, N.P., Shaula, A.L., Kharton, V.V., Marozau, I.P., Naumovich, E.N. (2003) Fe4+ formation in brownmillerite CaAl0.5Fe0.5O2.5+δ. Materials Letters, 57. 4388-4393 doi:10.1016/s0167-577x(03)00330-6

Redhammer, Günther J., Tippelt, Gerold, Roth, Georg, Amthauer, Georg (2004) Structural variations in the brownmillerite series Ca₂(Fe_2−xAl_x)O₅: Single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 25 °C and high-temperature X-ray powder diffraction (25 °C ≤T≤ 1000 °C). American Mineralogist, 89 (2-3). 405-420 doi:10.2138/am-2004-2-322

(2005) Brownmillerite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Stöber, S., Pöllmann, H. (2006) The crystal structure of manganese modified brownmillerite solid solutions. Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography, 62 (a1). s211 doi:10.1107/s010876730609578x

Sharygin, V.V., Sokol, E.V., Vapnik, Ye. (2008) Minerals of the pseudobinary perovskite-brownmillerite series from combustion metamorphic larnite rocks of the Hatrurim Formation (Israel) Russian Geology and Geophysics, 49 (10) 709-726 doi:10.1016/j.rgg.2008.03.001

Localities for BrownmilleriteHide

Showing 37 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Hide all sections | Show all sections

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Austria
Styria Südoststeiermark District Klöch ⓘ Basalt quarry	Exel (1993) +1 other reference

China
Xinjiang Hami Prefecture (Kumul Prefecture; Qumul Prefecture) Yizhou District Huangshan-Jing'erquan ore belt ⓘ Xiangshan Cu-Ni-V-Ti deposit	Jingwen Mao et al. (2007)

Czech Republic
South Moravian Region Brno-Country District Oslavany ⓘ Rosice-Oslavany coalfield	Hršelová et al. (2013)

Germany
North Rhine-Westphalia Arnsberg Märkischer Kreis Iserlohn Letmathe Helmke quarry nature reserve ⓘ Genna zinc smelter slag locality	Bender et al. (1994) +1 other reference
Rhineland-Palatinate Mayen-Koblenz Mayen ⓘ Mayener Feld (TL)	Hentschel (1964)
ⓘ Seekante	in the collection of Christof Schäfer
ⓘ Xenolith CS-008 (Bellbergite type-locality)	in the collection of Christof Schäfer
ⓘ Xenolith CS-020	Skrzyńska et al. (2023)
ⓘ Xenolith CS-090 (Hopmannite type locality)	Juroszek et al. (Ti 5 Fe) +1 other reference
Vordereifel Ettringen ⓘ Caspar quarry	Hentschel (1978)
ⓘ E-2011 xenolith	Sharygin (2012)
ⓘ Karlleuite-bearing xenolith	Juroszek et al. (2024)
ⓘ Xenolith CS-050	in the collection of Christof Schäfer
ⓘ Ettringer Feld (TL)	Hentschel (1964)
Vulkaneifel Daun Üdersdorf ⓘ Emmelberg	Schüller et al. (1986)

Israel
Southern District Beersheba Subdistrict Arad ⓘ Arad Stone Quarry	Juroszek et al. (2019)
Tamar Regional Council ⓘ Hatrurim Basin	Sharygin et al. (2008)
ⓘ Amoraite type locality	Britvin et al. (2026)
ⓘ Aravaite type locality	Krüger et al. (2018) +2 other references
ⓘ Hatrurim Junction (road no. 31)	Murashko et al. (2025)
ⓘ Nahal Morag Canyon	Sharygin et al. (2019)
ⓘ Ye’elim Mount	Galuskin et al. (2026)

Jordan
Amman Governorate Transjordan Plateau Daba-Siwaqa complex ⓘ Daba	Pitty et al. (2010)
Hashem region Lisdan-Siwaga Fault ⓘ Jordan Areva Resources	Fleurance et al. (2013)
Siwaga ⓘ Tulul al Hammam	Khoury et al. (2015) +2 other references
ⓘ Unnamed marble quarries	Sokol +9 other references
ⓘ North Siwaqa complex	Juroszek et al. (2020)
Irbid Governorate Maqarin area ⓘ Yarmouk river	Pitty et al. (2010)

Middle East
ⓘ Hatrurim Formation	Gross (1977)

Palestine
West Bank Bethlehem Governorate ⓘ Nahal Darga	Galuskina et al. (2019)
Jericho Governorate ⓘ Nabi Musa	Sokol et al. (2011)
Quds Governorate ⓘ Jebel Harmun (Jabel Harum)	Galuskin et al. (2014)
ⓘ Ma'ale Adumim	Sokol et al. (2011)

Romania
Brașov County ⓘ Racoş (Racoşul de Jos)	Szakáll
ⓘ Basalt quarry	Szakáll et al. (2010)

Russia
Murmansk Oblast Kolsky District ⓘ Tepsi ultrabasic body

Ukraine
Donetsk Oblast ⓘ Donetsk	V.V. Sharygin (2011)

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Brownmillerite

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