Sylvite
About Sylvite
Unique Identifiers
Similar Names
IMA Classification of Sylvite
Classification of Sylvite
3 : HALIDES
A : Simple halides, without H2O
A : M:X = 1:1, 2:3, 3:5, etc.
9 : NORMAL HALIDES
1 : AX
8 : Halides - Fluorides, Chlorides, Bromides and Iodides; also Fluoborates and Fluosilicates
1 : Halides of the alkali metals and ammonium
Mineral Symbols
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Syl | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Syl | Whitney & Evans (2010) | Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371 |
| Syv | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
| Syl | Warr (2020) | Warr, L.N. (2020) Recommended abbreviations for the names of clay minerals and associated phases. Clay Minerals, 55, 261–264 doi:10.1180/clm.2020.30 |
Physical Properties of Sylvite
On {001}
Optical Data of Sylvite
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Chemistry of Sylvite
Crystallography of Sylvite
Crystal Structure
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0003201 | Sylvite | Walker D, Verma P K, Cranswick L M D, Jones R L, Clark S M, Buhre S (2004) Halite-sylvite thermoelasticity American Mineralogist 89 204-210 | ![]() | 2004 | 0 | 298 | |
| 0012650 | Sylvite | Will G (1981) Energiedispersion und Synchrotronstrahlung: Eine neue Methode und eine neue Strahlenquelle fuer die Roentgenbeugung _cod_database_code 1000050 Fortschritte der Mineralogie 59 31-94 | 1981 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0011994 | Sylvite | Ahtee M (1969) Lattice constants of some binary alkali halide solid solutions. Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae Series A6: Physica 313 1-11 | 1969 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0011329 | Sylvite | Wyckoff R W G (1963) Second edition. Interscience Publishers, New York, New York rocksalt structure Crystal Structures 1 85-237 | 1963 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0003203 | Sylvite | Walker D, Verma P K, Cranswick L M D, Jones R L, Clark S M, Buhre S (2004) Halite-sylvite thermoelasticity American Mineralogist 89 204-210 | ![]() | 2004 | 0 | 373 | |
| 0003208 | Sylvite | Walker D, Verma P K, Cranswick L M D, Jones R L, Clark S M, Buhre S (2004) Halite-sylvite thermoelasticity American Mineralogist 89 204-210 | ![]() | 2004 | 0 | 473 | |
| 0003213 | Sylvite | Walker D, Verma P K, Cranswick L M D, Jones R L, Clark S M, Buhre S (2004) Halite-sylvite thermoelasticity American Mineralogist 89 204-210 | ![]() | 2004 | 0 | 573 | |
| 0003217 | Sylvite | Walker D, Verma P K, Cranswick L M D, Jones R L, Clark S M, Buhre S (2004) Halite-sylvite thermoelasticity American Mineralogist 89 204-210 | ![]() | 2004 | 0 | 673 | |
| 0003222 | Sylvite | Walker D, Verma P K, Cranswick L M D, Jones R L, Clark S M, Buhre S (2004) Halite-sylvite thermoelasticity American Mineralogist 89 204-210 | ![]() | 2004 | 0 | 773 | |
| 0003226 | Sylvite | Walker D, Verma P K, Cranswick L M D, Jones R L, Clark S M, Buhre S (2004) Halite-sylvite thermoelasticity American Mineralogist 89 204-210 | ![]() | 2004 | 0 | 873 | |
| 0003202 | Sylvite | Walker D, Verma P K, Cranswick L M D, Jones R L, Clark S M, Buhre S (2004) Halite-sylvite thermoelasticity American Mineralogist 89 204-210 | ![]() | 2004 | 0.04 | 309 | |
| 0003204 | Sylvite | Walker D, Verma P K, Cranswick L M D, Jones R L, Clark S M, Buhre S (2004) Halite-sylvite thermoelasticity American Mineralogist 89 204-210 | ![]() | 2004 | 0.19 | 373 | |
| 0003209 | Sylvite | Walker D, Verma P K, Cranswick L M D, Jones R L, Clark S M, Buhre S (2004) Halite-sylvite thermoelasticity American Mineralogist 89 204-210 | ![]() | 2004 | 0.31 | 473 | |
| 0003205 | Sylvite | Walker D, Verma P K, Cranswick L M D, Jones R L, Clark S M, Buhre S (2004) Halite-sylvite thermoelasticity American Mineralogist 89 204-210 | ![]() | 2004 | 0.39 | 373 | |
| 0003210 | Sylvite | Walker D, Verma P K, Cranswick L M D, Jones R L, Clark S M, Buhre S (2004) Halite-sylvite thermoelasticity American Mineralogist 89 204-210 | ![]() | 2004 | 0.55 | 473 | |
| 0003218 | Sylvite | Walker D, Verma P K, Cranswick L M D, Jones R L, Clark S M, Buhre S (2004) Halite-sylvite thermoelasticity American Mineralogist 89 204-210 | ![]() | 2004 | 0.61 | 673 | |
| 0003214 | Sylvite | Walker D, Verma P K, Cranswick L M D, Jones R L, Clark S M, Buhre S (2004) Halite-sylvite thermoelasticity American Mineralogist 89 204-210 | ![]() | 2004 | 0.67 | 573 | |
| 0003206 | Sylvite | Walker D, Verma P K, Cranswick L M D, Jones R L, Clark S M, Buhre S (2004) Halite-sylvite thermoelasticity American Mineralogist 89 204-210 | ![]() | 2004 | 0.86 | 373 | |
| 0003219 | Sylvite | Walker D, Verma P K, Cranswick L M D, Jones R L, Clark S M, Buhre S (2004) Halite-sylvite thermoelasticity American Mineralogist 89 204-210 | ![]() | 2004 | 0.86 | 673 | |
| 0003223 | Sylvite | Walker D, Verma P K, Cranswick L M D, Jones R L, Clark S M, Buhre S (2004) Halite-sylvite thermoelasticity American Mineralogist 89 204-210 | ![]() | 2004 | 0.89 | 773 | |
| 0003227 | Sylvite | Walker D, Verma P K, Cranswick L M D, Jones R L, Clark S M, Buhre S (2004) Halite-sylvite thermoelasticity American Mineralogist 89 204-210 | ![]() | 2004 | 0.99 | 873 | |
| 0003211 | Sylvite | Walker D, Verma P K, Cranswick L M D, Jones R L, Clark S M, Buhre S (2004) Halite-sylvite thermoelasticity American Mineralogist 89 204-210 | ![]() | 2004 | 1.02 | 473 | |
| 0003215 | Sylvite | Walker D, Verma P K, Cranswick L M D, Jones R L, Clark S M, Buhre S (2004) Halite-sylvite thermoelasticity American Mineralogist 89 204-210 | ![]() | 2004 | 1.17 | 573 | |
| 0003220 | Sylvite | Walker D, Verma P K, Cranswick L M D, Jones R L, Clark S M, Buhre S (2004) Halite-sylvite thermoelasticity American Mineralogist 89 204-210 | ![]() | 2004 | 1.34 | 673 | |
| 0003207 | Sylvite | Walker D, Verma P K, Cranswick L M D, Jones R L, Clark S M, Buhre S (2004) Halite-sylvite thermoelasticity American Mineralogist 89 204-210 | ![]() | 2004 | 1.5 | 373 | |
| 0003224 | Sylvite | Walker D, Verma P K, Cranswick L M D, Jones R L, Clark S M, Buhre S (2004) Halite-sylvite thermoelasticity American Mineralogist 89 204-210 | ![]() | 2004 | 1.5 | 773 | |
| 0003212 | Sylvite | Walker D, Verma P K, Cranswick L M D, Jones R L, Clark S M, Buhre S (2004) Halite-sylvite thermoelasticity American Mineralogist 89 204-210 | ![]() | 2004 | 1.57 | 473 | |
| 0003216 | Sylvite | Walker D, Verma P K, Cranswick L M D, Jones R L, Clark S M, Buhre S (2004) Halite-sylvite thermoelasticity American Mineralogist 89 204-210 | ![]() | 2004 | 1.62 | 573 | |
| 0003221 | Sylvite | Walker D, Verma P K, Cranswick L M D, Jones R L, Clark S M, Buhre S (2004) Halite-sylvite thermoelasticity American Mineralogist 89 204-210 | ![]() | 2004 | 1.65 | 673 | |
| 0003225 | Sylvite | Walker D, Verma P K, Cranswick L M D, Jones R L, Clark S M, Buhre S (2004) Halite-sylvite thermoelasticity American Mineralogist 89 204-210 | ![]() | 2004 | 1.71 | 773 | |
| 0003229 | Sylvite | Walker D, Verma P K, Cranswick L M D, Jones R L, Clark S M, Buhre S (2004) Halite-sylvite thermoelasticity American Mineralogist 89 204-210 | ![]() | 2004 | 1.73 | 873 | |
| 0003228 | Sylvite | Walker D, Verma P K, Cranswick L M D, Jones R L, Clark S M, Buhre S (2004) Halite-sylvite thermoelasticity American Mineralogist 89 204-210 | ![]() | 2004 | 1.73 | 873 |
Epitaxial Relationships of Sylvite
| 'Halite' | NaCl |
| 'Hematite' | Fe2O3 |
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.146 Å | (100) |
| 2.224 Å | (59) |
| 1.816 Å | (23) |
| 1.407 Å | (20) |
| 1.284 Å | (13) |
| 1.573 Å | (8) |
| 1.0490 Å | (6) |
| 0.8410 Å | (6) |
Geological Environment
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation and alteration | 4.566-4.550 |
| 5 : Primary asteroid phases | 4.566–4.560 |
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 21 : Chemically precipitated carbonate, phosphate, iron formations | |
| 25 : Evaporites (prebiotic) | |
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 45b : [Other oxidized fumarolic minerals] |
Type Occurrence of Sylvite
Synonyms of Sylvite
Other Language Names for Sylvite
Varieties of Sylvite
| Bromine-bearing Sylvite | A Br-bearing variety (2-6 wt.% Br), synthetic: experimentally deposited from volcanic (Iodake crater, Satsuma-Ioujima) gas in silica tubes (850oC at the inlet). |
| Rubidium-bearing Sylvite | A variety containing 0.5 wt.% Rb, synthetic: deposited from fumarolic gas of Iodake crater, Satsuma-Ioujima volcano, in silica tubes (850oC at the inlet). |
Relationship of Sylvite to other Species
| Carobbiite | KF | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fm3m |
| Griceite | LiF | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fm3m |
| Halite | NaCl | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fm3m |
| Villiaumite | NaF | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m |
Common Associates
| 159 photos of Sylvite associated with Halite | NaCl |
| 34 photos of Sylvite associated with 'Shale' | |
| 12 photos of Sylvite associated with Carnallite | KMgCl3 · 6H2O |
| 6 photos of Sylvite associated with Langbeinite | K2Mg2(SO4)3 |
| 5 photos of Sylvite associated with Bastnäsite-(Ce) | Ce(CO3)F |
| 4 photos of Sylvite associated with 'Native Ytterbium' | Yb |
| 4 photos of Sylvite associated with 'Native Molybdenum' | Mo |
| 2 photos of Sylvite associated with Görgeyite | K2Ca5(SO4)6 · H2O |
| 2 photos of Sylvite associated with Saltonseaite | K3NaMnCl6 |
| 2 photos of Sylvite associated with 'Glass' |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 3.AA. | Brontesite | (NH4)3PbCl5 |
| 3.AA.05 | Marshite | CuI |
| 3.AA.05 | Nantokite | CuCl |
| 3.AA.05 | 'UM1999-11:I:CuS' | Cu(I,S) |
| 3.AA.05 | Miersite | (Ag,Cu)I |
| 3.AA.10 | Tocornalite | (Ag,Hg)I (?) |
| 3.AA.10 | Iodargyrite | AgI |
| 3.AA.15 | Bromargyrite | AgBr |
| 3.AA.15 | Chlorargyrite | AgCl |
| 3.AA.20 | Halite | NaCl |
| 3.AA.20 | Villiaumite | NaF |
| 3.AA.20 | Carobbiite | KF |
| 3.AA.20 | Griceite | LiF |
| 3.AA.25 | 'UM1998-03-Cl:Tl' | TlCl |
| 3.AA.25 | Nataliyamalikite | TlI |
| 3.AA.25 | Lafossaite | Tl(Cl,Br) |
| 3.AA.25 | Salammoniac | NH4Cl |
| 3.AA.30 | Calomel | [Hg2]2+Cl2 |
| 3.AA.30 | Moschelite | [Hg2]2+I2 |
| 3.AA.30 | Kuzminite | HgBr |
| 3.AA.35 | Neighborite | NaMgF3 |
| 3.AA.35 | Parascandolaite | KMgF3 |
| 3.AA.40 | Javorieite | KFeCl3 |
| 3.AA.40 | Chlorocalcite | KCaCl3 |
| 3.AA.45 | Kolarite | PbTeCl2 |
| 3.AA.50 | Radhakrishnaite | PbTe3(Cl,S)2 |
| 3.AA.55 | Challacolloite | KPb2Cl5 |
| 3.AA.60 | Hephaistosite | TlPb2Cl5 |
| 3.AA.90 | Pseudocotunnite | K2PbCl4 |
Radioactivity
| Element | % Content | Activity (Bq/kg) | Radiation Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Uranium (U) | 0.0000% | 0 | α, β, γ |
| Thorium (Th) | 0.0000% | 0 | α, β, γ |
| Potassium (K) | 52.4448% | 16,258 | β, γ |
For comparison:
- Banana: ~15 Bq per fruit
- Granite: 1,000–3,000 Bq/kg
- EU exemption limit: 10,000 Bq/kg
Note: Risk is shown relative to daily recommended maximum exposure to non-background radiation of 1000 µSv/year. Note that natural background radiation averages around 2400 µSv/year so in reality these risks are probably extremely overstated! With infrequent handling and safe storage natural radioactive minerals do not usually pose much risk.
Note: The mass selector refers to the mass of radioactive mineral present, not the full specimen, also be aware that the matrix may also be radioactive, possibly more radioactive than this mineral!
Activity: –
| Distance | Dose rate | Risk |
|---|---|---|
| 1 cm | ||
| 10 cm | ||
| 1 m |
The external dose rate (D) from a radioactive mineral is estimated by summing the gamma radiation contributions from its Uranium, Thorium, and Potassium content, disregarding daughter-product which may have a significant effect in some cases (eg 'pitchblende'). This involves multiplying the activity (A, in Bq) of each element by its specific gamma ray constant (Γ), which accounts for its unique gamma emissions. The total unshielded dose at 1 cm is then scaled by the square of the distance (r, in cm) and multiplied by a shielding factor (μshield). This calculation provides a 'worst-case' or 'maximum risk' estimate because it assumes the sample is a point source and entirely neglects any self-shielding where radiation is absorbed within the mineral itself, meaning actual doses will typically be lower. The resulting dose rate (D) is expressed in microsieverts per hour (μSv/h).
D = ((AU × ΓU) + (ATh × ΓTh) + (AK × ΓK)) / r2 × μshield
Other Information
Sylvite in petrology
Internet Links for Sylvite
Please feel free to link to this page.
References for Sylvite
Localities for Sylvite
Showing 374 localities.
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Africa | |
| Holwerda et al. (1968) |
Antarctica | |
| Gore et al. (2000) |
| Watanuki/ Torii/ Nishiyama/ Morikawa |
| Kammerer (2011) |
| Viramonte et al. (1974) |
Argentina | |
| Benedetto et al. (1998) |
Australia | |
| Podgson RE |
| Birch (1999) |
| T.Kwak & P.Abeysinghe: "Rare earth and ... +1 other reference |
| Bottrill +1 other reference |
| Berkley et al. (1978) |
Austria | |
| A.Csaplovics (2014) |
| A.Csaplovics (2014) | |
| A.Csaplovics (2014) | |
| A.Csaplovics (2014) | |
| A.Csaplovics (2014) |
| Müller (2016) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) | |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Spötl (1989) |
| Exel (1993) |
Belarus | |
| Belaruskali |
| Корулин (1976) | |
| Russian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 6 +2 other references |
Belgium | |
| Demaiffe et al. (1991) |
Bolivia | |
| Kempff et al. (La Paz, 2009) |
| Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998) |
| Bentz et al. (2017) |
| Bentz (2017) | |
| Bentz (2017) | |
Botswana | |
| McCarthy et al. (1986) |
Brazil | |
| Kaminsky et al. (2013) +2 other references |
| Kaminsky et al. (2015) | |
| COSTANZO et al. (2006) |
| da Silva et al. (2000) | |
| www.cetem.gov.br (n.d.) +1 other reference |
Canada | |
| B.B. Bannatyne (1983) |
| B.B. Bannatyne (1983) | |
| Roulston et al. (1981) +1 other reference |
| Anderle et al. (1979) |
| Dominion Diamond Mines |
| Kamenetsky et al. (2013) | |
| Abersteiner et al. (2018) | |
| Rickaby (1923) +1 other reference |
| Boehner (1986) |
| Sabina (2003) |
| Chen et al. (2013) |
| Grice (1989) |
| 152. +3 other references | |
| Collection of NHM |
| Funk et al. (2021) |
Cape Verde | |
| Universidade de Evora +1 other reference |
Chile | |
| Barrick Gold Corporation |
| Cameron et al. (2007) |
| TESIS PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE MAGÍSTER ... | |
| Collao et al. (2002) |
China | |
| H.-R. Fan et al.: International Geology Review 46 (7) |
| Li et al. (2026) |
| Yu et al. (2026) |
| Chen et al. (2023) |
| Huifang Liu (2002) |
| Sun Da-peng et al. (2002) +1 other reference |
| Xiyu Zheng (1994) +1 other reference |
| Dongsheng Hu (1990) |
| Botao Li et al. (2010) +1 other reference | |
| Min Mo et al. (1986) +1 other reference | |
| Shaoxiu (1991) +1 other reference |
| Xiyu Zheng (1994) |
| Xiying Zhang et al. (2007) | |
| Shaoxiu (1991) | |
| Yuhua Chen et al. (1998) | |
| Gorshkov et al. (2006) |
| Xiong et al. (2022) |
| Zhang Bing et al. (2018) |
| Miao et al. (2024) | |
| Miao et al. (2024) | |
| Zhao et al. (2015) |
| Qian Wu et al. (2013) |
| Shaoxiu (1991) |
| Yong-Sheng Zhang et al. (2005) |
| Ma et al. (2026) |
| Bingxiao (1992) |
| Tang (2005) | |
| Tang (2005) |
| Tang (2005) |
| Kaiyin Bai and Zhaoxin Han (2007) |
| Xue et al. (2007) |
| Weihao Yue et al. (2011) +3 other references |
Costa Rica | |
| Stoiber et al. (1974) |
Czech Republic | |
| Matýsek et al. (2026) |
DR Congo | |
| Bailey (1980) |
Egypt | |
| Hamdy et al. (2011) |
El Salvador | |
| Stoiber et al. (1974) |
Ethiopia | |
| Hovland et al. (2018) |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference | |
Eurasian Plate | |
| Ding et al. (2026) | |
| Wang et al. (2017) | |
Finland | |
| gac.esd.mun.ca (n.d.) |
France | |
| Belot (1978) |
| |
| De Ascenção Guedes (2006) |
| Vlastélic et al. (2013) |
Germany | |
| Braitsch et al. (1964) |
| Krah et al. (1988) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Niemann (1960) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sehnde |
| https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sehnde | |
| https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sehnde |
| Weiß (1990) +1 other reference |
| mrdata.usgs.gov (n.d.) |
| George Graf collection |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| in: Stracher +1 other reference |
| Blaß et al. (1995) |
| |
| |
| Frenzel (1964) |
| Frenzel (1964) | |
| www.mineralienatlas.de (n.d.) |
| Leon Hupperichs collection |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Witzke (2012) |
| Naumann |
| Brockt et al. (2001) |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| ... | |
| Leopardi et al. (2024) |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Effmert +1 other reference |
| Effmert et al. (2007) | |
| BOEKE (1909) | |
| Leon Hupperichs collection | |
| www.harzergruben.de (n.d.) |
| W.I. Borrisenkow (1968) |
Greece | |
| Sideridis et al. (2022) |
| Sideridis et al. (2022) | |
| Helvaci et al. (1993) |
Hungary | |
| Society of Economic Geologists Student Chapter University of Miskolc (2018) |
Iceland | |
| Mitolo et al. (2008) |
India | |
| Sinha et al. (2003) |
Indonesia | |
| Symonds (1993) |
Iran | |
| Talbot et al. (2009) |
Israel | |
| Cowgill (1989) |
Italy | |
| D’Angeli et al. (2022) |
| Laviano R. (2007) |
| Catalano et al. (2014) |
| Fedele L. et al. (2006) |
| Parascandola (1959) |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
| Parascandola (1959) +1 other reference |
| Pelloux (1927) +3 other references | |
| Pellino et al. (2025) | |
| Adamo et al. (1979) |
| Adamo et al. (1979) | |
| Jervis (1881) +1 other reference | |
| Jervis (1881) +1 other reference | |
| Jervis (1881) |
| Jervis (1873) +1 other reference |
| Roda (1970) +3 other references |
| Jervis (1881) |
| Roda (1970) +4 other references |
| - (n.d.) +2 other references |
| www.cse.speleo.it |
| - (n.d.) +5 other references |
| Italo Campostrini list - 2008 |
| Manuella (2011) +1 other reference |
Japan | |
| Seki et al. (1987) |
| Nitta et al. (2006) |
| Nitta et al. (2006) | |
| Africano et al. (2002) +1 other reference | |
| Dr. Kinichi Sakurai collection |
Kazakhstan | |
| ERCOSPAN (2011) |
| Pekov et al. (1993) +2 other references |
| ERCOSPAN (2011) +1 other reference |
Kenya | |
| Bowell et al. (1996) |
Laos | |
| Xiying Zhang et al. (2010) +1 other reference |
Mexico | |
| Megaw (1990) |
| Forti (2006) |
| Mariano et al. (2014, June) |
| Charoy et al. (1984) |
Morocco | |
| A. J. Irving et al. (2010) |
Namibia | |
| Eckardt et al. (2010) |
| Buehn et al. (1999) +1 other reference |
| Bühn et al. (2002) | |
Netherlands | |
| T.G. Nijland |
| nlog.nitg.tno.nl (n.d.) |
| Pichat (2022) | |
New Zealand | |
| members.segweb.org (n.d.) +3 other references |
Nicaragua | |
| Stoiber et al. (1974) |
Niger | |
| Saidou et al. (2015) |
| Saidou et al. (2015) | |
| Saidou et al. (2015) |
| Saidou et al. (2015) | |
Norway | |
| Konnerup-Madsen (1979) +1 other reference |
| Rondeau et al. (2008) |
| Segalstad et al. (2002) |
| Hansteen et al. (1994) |
| Jahren et al. (1998) |
| Markl et al. (1998) |
| Larsen (2018) |
Pakistan | |
| Ullah (1963) |
Peru | |
| Alvarez A et al. (1988) |
| Carlson et al. (1980) |
Poland | |
| Jirásek +7 other references |
| Eligiusz Szełęg collection |
| Wachowiak et al. (2012) |
| J. Cabala et al. (2008) |
| Fabiańska et al. (2013) |
| Kucha (2021) |
| Kucha (2021) |
| Volume 26 +1 other reference |
| Ł. Kruszewski PXRD data (to be published soon) |
Republic of the Congo | |
| de Ruiter (1979) |
| Henry Rauche (2009) |
Romania | |
| A.H. Damman et al. |
Russia | |
| Golovin et al. (2023) |
| Andreeva et al. (2006) |
| Pekov (1998) |
| Pekov et al. (2001) +3 other references |
| Mazurov et al. (2007) |
| Vergasova L P et al. (1988) +1 other reference |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data +1 other reference | |
| Pekov et al. (2015) +3 other references | |
| Pekov et al. (2015) | |
| Vergasova et al. (2000) | |
| Sharygin et al. (2018) +1 other reference |
| Active Volcanoes of Kamchatka |
| Henderson et al. (1999) |
| Пекин (2010) +1 other reference | |
| Hawthorne et al. (1988) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Chaikovskiy et al. (2019) |
| V.V. Seredin data |
| Logvinova et al. (2019) |
| M. Kamenetsky et al. +2 other references |
| Golovin (2025) | |
| Potapov et al. (2022) |
| Africano et al. (2003) +3 other references |
| Sharygin (2016) +1 other reference |
| webmineral.ru (n.d.) |
| Korytov et al. (2005, May) |
Seychelles | |
| Gorshkov et al. (2000) | |
Slovakia | |
| Grecula (1995) |
South Africa | |
| Kamenetsky et al. (2014) |
| Martini et al. (1978) +1 other reference |
| Giuliani et al. (2012) +2 other references |
| Abersteiner et al. (2024) |
Spain | |
| Campeny et al. (2023) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2006) +1 other reference |
| Calvo Rebollar (2006) | |
| Calvo Rebollar (2006) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2006) |
| J.C. Fernandez-caliani et al. |
| Benavente et al. (2018, September) |
Sweden | |
| Lindblom et al. (1996) |
| Kresten (1990) |
Switzerland | |
| Müller (2012) |
Tanzania | |
| Mitchell (1997) +6 other references |
Thailand | |
| Tabakh et al. (1998) |
| Suwanich (2010) |
Tunisia | |
| Mlayah et al. (2009) |
| Yoshida et al. (2002) |
Turkmenistan | |
| Yongsheng Zhang et al. (2005) |
| Yongsheng Zhang et al. (2005) |
Uganda | |
| Kasedde et al. (2014) |
UK | |
| Embrey (1978) +3 other references |
| Armstrong et al. (1951) |
| Armstrong et al. (1951) | |
| Armstrong et al. (1951) | |
| Smith et al. (2014) |
| Smith et al. (2014) |
| Kemp et al. (2016) | |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1959 32 : ... |
Ukraine | |
| Bukowski +3 other references |
| Griniv et al. (1986) |
| Bailey (1980) +1 other reference |
USA | |
| Cook et al. (1982) |
| Garvie (2016) |
| Peirce (1969) +1 other reference | |
| RRUFF Project Specimen ID: R050166 +1 other reference |
| Adams et al. (2014) |
| Jones (1961) +2 other references |
| - (2005) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Mahaffey et al. (2022) |
| R&M 69:3 pp 156-162 |
| R&M 69:3 pp 156-162 | |
| Smith (1994) |
| Smith (1994) | |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
| AmMin 47:152 |
| Hawley +5 other references | |
| U.S. Geological Survey staff (1965) +1 other reference | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| Keith Christy specimens +1 other reference | |
| U.S. Geological Survey staff (1965) +1 other reference | |
| - (2005) | |
| U.S. Geological Survey staff (1965) | |
| U.S. Geological Survey staff (1965) | |
| - (2005) | |
| U.S. Geological Survey staff (1965) | |
| U.S. Geological Survey staff (1965) | |
| U.S. Geological Survey staff (1965) +1 other reference | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Robinson et al. (2007) |
| Jensen (1978) |
| Geology of Bottineau County (North Dakota Geological Survey) +1 other reference |
| www.dmr.nd.gov (2009) | |
| www.dmr.nd.gov (2009) | |
| Smith (1991) |
| Darrell Munson et al. (2003) |
| R&M 45:6 pp 371-379 |
| GSA Conference (2001) |
| Alminas +2 other references | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| - (2005) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| Bullock (1981) |
| - (2005) |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Omer B. Raup and Beth M. Madsen (1986) |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
The Moon | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) |







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Carlsbad Potash District, New Mexico, USA