Betpakdalite-NaCa
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Betpakdalite-NaCa
Formula:
[Na2(H2O)17Ca(H2O)6][Mo6+8As5+2Fe3+3O34(OH)3]
Natrobetpakdalite
Colour:
Lemon-yellow
Lustre:
Dull
Specific Gravity:
2.02
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
The name reflects its sodium content and similarity to betpakdalite. First described by Skvortsova et al. (1971) as sodium betpakdalite, later renamed as natrobetpakdalite by Burke (2008). Redefined in 2010 by IMA and renamed as Betpakdalite-NaCa.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3706
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3706:4
Similar Names
| Betpakdalite-CaCa | A valid IMA mineral species | [Ca2(H2O)17Ca(H2O)6][Mo86+As25+Fe33+O36(OH)] |
| Betpakdalite-NaNa | A valid IMA mineral species | [Na2(H2O)16Na(H2O)6][Mo8As2Fe33+O33(OH)4] |
IMA Classification of Betpakdalite-NaCa
Approved
IMA status notes:
Renamed by the IMA
Approval year:
1971
First published:
1971
Approval history:
Formerly called natrobetpakdalite, renamed by IMA in 2011 (Proposal 10 E in CNMNC Newsletter No 7)
Classification of Betpakdalite-NaCa
8.DM.15
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
M : With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 > 2:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
M : With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 > 2:1
49.4.4.1
49 : HYDRATED MOLYBDATES AND TUNGSTATES
4 : Compound Molybdates and Tungstates
49 : HYDRATED MOLYBDATES AND TUNGSTATES
4 : Compound Molybdates and Tungstates
22.5.9
22 : Phosphates, Arsenates or Vanadates with other Anions
5 : Phosphates, arsenates or vanadates with chromate, molybdate, niobate or tantalate
22 : Phosphates, Arsenates or Vanadates with other Anions
5 : Phosphates, arsenates or vanadates with chromate, molybdate, niobate or tantalate
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Bpd-NaCa | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Betpakdalite-NaCa
Dull
Comment:
Dull in aggregates
Colour:
Lemon-yellow
Density:
2.02 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.892 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Betpakdalite-NaCa
Type:
Biaxial
RI values:
nα = 1.792 nγ = 1.81
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.018
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Dispersion:
r > v perceptible
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
Distinct: X = pale yellow; Z = yellow Z > X
Chemistry of Betpakdalite-NaCa
Mindat Formula:
[Na2(H2O)17Ca(H2O)6][Mo6+8As5+2Fe3+3O34(OH)3]
Natrobetpakdalite
Natrobetpakdalite
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Betpakdalite-NaCa
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/m
Setting:
C2/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 19.41(3) Å, b = 11.12(4) Å, c = 15.26(3) Å
β = 131.13(7)°
β = 131.13(7)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.746 : 1 : 1.372
Unit Cell V:
2481 ų
Morphology:
Pseudohexagonal crystals, very thin, platy, to several μ; as powdery aggregates, crusts, and films.
Comment:
Cell parameters from SCXRD-WPF (Kampf et al 2012)
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47d : [Arsenates, antimonates, selenates, bismuthinates] |
Type Occurrence of Betpakdalite-NaCa
General Appearance of Type Material:
Secondary mineral
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Formed in the oxidation zone of a Mo–U deposit.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Betpakdalite-NaCa
Other Language Names for Betpakdalite-NaCa
Relationship of Betpakdalite-NaCa to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Betpakdalite Group:
| Betpakdalite-CaCa | [Ca2(H2O)17Ca(H2O)6][Mo6+8As5+2Fe3+3O36(OH)] | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Betpakdalite-CaMg | [Ca2(H2O)17Mg(H2O)6][Mo8As2Fe3+3O36(OH)] | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Betpakdalite-FeFe | [Fe3+2 (H2O)15(OH)2Fe3+(H2O)6][Mo8As2Fe3+3O37] | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Betpakdalite-NaNa | [Na2(H2O)16Na(H2O)6][Mo8As2Fe3+3O33(OH)4] | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.DM. | Tomsquarryite | NaMgAl3(PO4)2(OH)6 · 8H2O |
| 8.DM. | Elliottite | NaMgAl3(PO4)2F6 · 9H2O |
| 8.DM. | Betpakdalite-FeFe | [Fe3+2 (H2O)15(OH)2Fe3+(H2O)6][Mo8As2Fe3+3O37] |
| 8.DM. | Penriceite | [Mg(H2O)6][Na(H2O)2Al3(PO4)2F6] · H2O |
| 8.DM. | Betpakdalite-CaMg | [Ca2(H2O)17Mg(H2O)6][Mo8As2Fe3+3O36(OH)] |
| 8.DM. | Chinnerite | [Mg(H2O)6]Na(H2O)2Al3(PO4)2F6 |
| 8.DM. | Sarrochite | [Ca4(H2O)38][Mo8P2Fe3+3O37(OH)] |
| 8.DM.05 | Esperanzaite | NaCa2Al2(AsO4)2(OH)F4 · 2H2O |
| 8.DM.05 | Morinite | NaCa2Al2(PO4)2(OH)F4 · 2H2O |
| 8.DM.10 | Alexshubnikovite | Ca2Cu9(AsO4)4(OH)9Cl(H2O)8 · 2H2O |
| 8.DM.10 | Tangdanite | Ca2Cu9(AsO4)4(SO4)0.5(OH)9 · 9H2O |
| 8.DM.10 | Tyrolite | Ca2Cu9(AsO4)4(CO3)(OH)8 · 11H2O |
| 8.DM.15 | Melkovite | [Ca2(H2O)15Ca(H2O)6][Mo8P2Fe3+3O36(OH)] |
| 8.DM.15 | Betpakdalite-CaCa | [Ca2(H2O)17Ca(H2O)6][Mo6+8As5+2Fe3+3O36(OH)] |
| 8.DM.20 | Phosphovanadylite-Ba | Ba[V4+4P2O8(OH)8] · 12H2O |
| 8.DM.20 | Phosphovanadylite-Ca | Ca[V4+4P2O12(OH)4] · 12H2O |
| 8.DM.25 | Yukonite | Ca3Fe3+(AsO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2O |
| 8.DM.30 | Uduminelite | Ca3Al8(PO4)2O12 · 2H2O |
| 8.DM.35 | Aldermanite | [Mg(H2O)6][Na(H2O)2Al3(PO4)2(OH,F)6] · H2O |
| 8.DM.35 | 'Azovskite' | Fe3+3(PO4)(OH)6 or near |
| 8.DM.35 | Delvauxite | CaFe4(PO4,SO4)2(OH)8 · 4-6H2O not confirmed |
| 8.DM.40 | Santafeite | (Na,Ca,Sr)12(Mn2+,Fe3+,Al,Mg)8Mn4+8(VO4)16(OH,O)20 · 8H2O |
| 8.DM.55 | Tapiaite | Ca5Al2(AsO4)4(OH)4 · 12H2O |
| 8.DM.60 | Alcantarillaite | [Fe3+0.5(H2O)4][CaAs3+2(Fe3+2.5W6+0.5)(AsO4)2O7] |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Betpakdalite-NaCa
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3706.html
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Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Betpakdalite-NaCa
Reference List:
Skvortsova, K.V. (1972) Sodium betpakdalite and conditions of its formation. International Geology Review, 14 (5) 473-480 doi:10.1080/00206817209475723
Cooper, M. A., Hawthorne, F. C. (1999) The crystal structure of betpakdalite, and a new chemical formula: {Mg(H2O)6}Ca2(H2O)13[Mo6+8As5+2Fe3+3O36(OH)](H2O)4. The Canadian Mineralogist, 37 (1) 61-66
Williams, P. A., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S. J. (2011) New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2010, CNMNC Newsletter No 7. Mineralogical Magazine, 75 (1) 27-31 doi:10.1180/minmag.2011.075.1.27
Kampf, A. R., Mills, S. J., Rumsey, M. S., Dini, M., Birch, W. D., Spratt, J., Pluth, J. J., Steele, I. M., Jenkins, R. A., Pinch, W. W. (2012) The heteropolymolybdate family: structural relations, nomenclature scheme and new species. Mineralogical Magazine, 76 (5) 1175-1207 doi:10.1180/minmag.2012.076.5.09
Localities for Betpakdalite-NaCa
Showing 3 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Chile | |
| Łukasz Kruszewski |
| Brent Thorne collection. Previously in ... | |
Kazakhstan (TL) | |
| Skvortsova K V et al. (1971) +1 other reference |
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Kyzylsai Mo-U deposit, Chu-Ili Mountains, Ulytau District, Ulytau Region, Kazakhstan