Mushistonite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Mushistonite
Formula:
(Cu,Zn,Fe2+)[Sn(OH)6]
Zn may partially replace Cu. This influences the crystal structure (Najorka et al., 2019).
Colour:
Brownish green to malachite-green, yellow-brown
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
4 - 4½
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
Named after the type locality, the Mushiston Deposit.
This page provides mineralogical data about Mushistonite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2817
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2817:8
IMA Classification of Mushistonite
Classification of Mushistonite
4.FC.10
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
F : Hydroxides (without V or U)
C : Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; corner-sharing octahedra
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
F : Hydroxides (without V or U)
C : Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; corner-sharing octahedra
6.3.6.6
6 : HYDROXIDES AND OXIDES CONTAINING HYDROXYL
3 : X(OH)3
6 : HYDROXIDES AND OXIDES CONTAINING HYDROXYL
3 : X(OH)3
7.11.11
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
11 : Oxides of Sn and Pb
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
11 : Oxides of Sn and Pb
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Mhi | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Mushistonite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Brownish green to malachite-green, yellow-brown
Hardness:
4 - 4½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=240 - 254 - Vickers
Optical Data of Mushistonite
Type:
Isotropic
Colour in reflected light:
Gray
Chemistry of Mushistonite
Mindat Formula:
(Cu,Zn,Fe2+)[Sn(OH)6]
Zn may partially replace Cu. This influences the crystal structure (Najorka et al., 2019).
Zn may partially replace Cu. This influences the crystal structure (Najorka et al., 2019).
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Mushistonite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm(2/m2/m2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
Pnnn
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.5918(3) Å, b = 7.5915(3) Å, c = 8.0965(1) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1 : 1 : 1.067
Unit Cell V:
466.63 ų
Comment:
Room temperature data (300 K) for synthetic material (Kulbakov et al., 2025). At 6 K, the cell is: a = 7. 5764(1) Å, b = 7. 5740(1) Å, c = 8. 0691(1) Å, V = 463.04(1) Å3. Pseudotetragonal. Formerly thought to be tetragonal, space group P42/nnm, a = b = 7.586 Å and c = 8.103 Å. In natural samples with high Zn and Fe concentrations, the crystal symmetry becomes cubic (space group Pn3m).
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0013333 | Mushistonite | Morgenstern-Badarau I (1976) Effet Jahn-Teller et structure cristalline de l'hydroxyde CuSn(OH)6 Journal of Solid State Chemistry 17 399-406 | 1976 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.880 Å | (100) |
| 2.740 Å | (50) |
| 1.729 Å | (35) |
| 1.578 Å | (23) |
| 2.230 Å | (20) |
| 1.932 Å | (16) |
| 2.330 Å | (13) |
Comments:
Mushiston deposit, Tajikistan. Data from the type description.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 34 : Complex granite pegmatites | |
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] |
Type Occurrence of Mushistonite
General Appearance of Type Material:
In fine-grained earthy aggregates.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Mining Institute, St. Petersburg, 1999/1; A.E. Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 81069.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Oxidized zone of a tin deposit.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Mushistonite
Other Language Names for Mushistonite
Relationship of Mushistonite to other Species
Other Members of Schoenfliesite Subgroup:
| Burtite | Ca[Sn(OH)6] | Hex. |
| Jeanbandyite | Fe3+Sn(OH)5O | Tet. 4/m : P42/n |
| Natanite | Fe2+[Sn(OH)6] | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Pn3m |
| Schoenfliesite | Mg[Sn(OH)6] | Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pn3 |
| Vismirnovite | Zn[Sn(OH)6] | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Pn3m |
| Wickmanite | Mn2+[Sn(OH)6] | Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pn3 |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 130 photos of Mushistonite associated with Kësterite | Cu2ZnSnS4 |
| 48 photos of Mushistonite associated with Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| 16 photos of Mushistonite associated with Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 8 photos of Mushistonite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 8 photos of Mushistonite associated with Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| 6 photos of Mushistonite associated with Cassiterite | SnO2 |
| 6 photos of Mushistonite associated with 'Goshenite' | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| 4 photos of Mushistonite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 4 photos of Mushistonite associated with Varlamoffite | Sn1-xFexO2-x(OH) |
| 3 photos of Mushistonite associated with Amblygonite | LiAl(PO4)F |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.FC.05 | Dzhalindite | In(OH)3 |
| 4.FC.05 | Bernalite | Fe(OH)3 · nH2O (n = 0.0 to 0.25) |
| 4.FC.05 | Söhngeite | Ga(OH)3 |
| 4.FC.10 | Natanite | Fe2+[Sn(OH)6] |
| 4.FC.10 | Burtite | Ca[Sn(OH)6] |
| 4.FC.10 | Vismirnovite | Zn[Sn(OH)6] |
| 4.FC.10 | Wickmanite | Mn2+[Sn(OH)6] |
| 4.FC.10 | Schoenfliesite | Mg[Sn(OH)6] |
| 4.FC.15 | Jeanbandyite | Fe3+Sn(OH)5O |
| 4.FC.15 | Tetrawickmanite | Mn2+[Sn4+(OH)6] |
| 4.FC.15 | Nancyrossite | FeGeO6H5 |
| 4.FC.15 | Zincostottite | ZnGe(OH)6 |
| 4.FC.15 | Stottite | Fe2+[Ge4+(OH)6] |
| 4.FC.15 | Mopungite | Na[Sb5+(OH)6] |
| 4.FC.20 | Ferronigerite-2N1S | (Al,Fe,Zn)2(Al,Sn)6O11(OH) |
| 4.FC.20 | Magnesionigerite-6N6S | (Mg,Al,Zn)3(Al,Sn,Fe)8O15(OH) |
| 4.FC.20 | Magnesionigerite-2N1S | (Mg,Al,Zn)2(Al,Sn)6O11(OH) |
| 4.FC.20 | Ferronigerite-6N6S | (Al,Fe,Zn)3(Al,Sn,Fe)8O15(OH) |
| 4.FC.20 | Zinconigerite-2N1S | (Zn,Al,Mg)2(Al,Sn)6O11(OH) |
| 4.FC.20 | Zinconigerite-6N6S | Zn3Sn2Al16O30(OH)2 |
| 4.FC.25 | Magnesiotaaffeite-6N’3S | Mg2BeAl6O12 |
| 4.FC.25 | Magnesiotaaffeite-2N’2S | Mg3Al8BeO16 |
| 4.FC.25 | Ferrotaaffeite-2N’2S | Be(Fe,Mg,Zn)3Al8O16 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Mushistonite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2817.html
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References for Mushistonite
Reference List:
Morgenstern-Badarau, Irène (1976) Effet Jahn-Teller et structure cristalline de l'hydroxyde CuSn(OH)6. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 17. 399-406 doi:10.1016/s0022-4596(76)80010-2
Dunn, Pete J., Ferraiolo, James A., Fleischer, Michael, Gobel, Volker, Grice, Joel D., Langley, Richard H., Shigley, James E., Vanko, David A., Zilczer, Janet A. (1985) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 70 (11-12) 1329-1335
Najorka, Jens, Kleppe, Annette K., Welch, Mark D. (2019) The effect of pressure and composition on Cu-bearing hydroxide perovskite. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 46 (9) 877-887 doi:10.1007/s00269-019-01047-9
Kulbakov, Anton A., Häußler, Ellen, Parui, Kaushick K., Chakkingal, Aswathi Mannathanath, Pavlovskii, Nikolai S., Pomjakushin, Vladimir Yu., Cañadillas-Delgado, Laura, Hansen, Thomas, Peets, Darren C., Doert, Thomas, et al. (2025) Correlated proton disorder in the crystal structure of the double hydroxide perovskite CuSn ( OH ) 6
Localities for Mushistonite
Showing 10 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Jacobson et al. (2007) |
China | |
| Hedland (2004) |
| Liu et al. (2022) |
Italy | |
| Orlandi et al. (1994) +1 other reference |
| Olmi et al. (1994) +1 other reference | |
Poland | |
| Pieczka et al. (2009) |
Russia | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
Tajikistan (TL) | |
| Marshukova et al. (1984) +2 other references |
USA | |
| Rocks & Minerals: 67 (6) +1 other reference |
| Roberts et al. (1986) |
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Mount Little Xuebaoding, Pingwu Co., Mianyang, Sichuan, China