Tetrawickmanite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Tetrawickmanite
Formula:
Mn2+[Sn4+(OH)6]
Colour:
Honey-yellow, brown-orange
Lustre:
Waxy
Hardness:
3½ - 4½
Specific Gravity:
3.65 - 3.79
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Name:
Named as the tetragonal dimorph of wickmanite.
Dimorph of:
Stottite Group.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3928
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3928:0
IMA Classification of Tetrawickmanite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Mn2+Sn4+(OH)6
Approval year:
1971
First published:
1973
Classification of Tetrawickmanite
4.FC.15
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
F : Hydroxides (without V or U)
C : Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; corner-sharing octahedra
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
F : Hydroxides (without V or U)
C : Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; corner-sharing octahedra
6.3.7.2
6 : HYDROXIDES AND OXIDES CONTAINING HYDROXYL
3 : X(OH)3
6 : HYDROXIDES AND OXIDES CONTAINING HYDROXYL
3 : X(OH)3
7.11.8
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
11 : Oxides of Sn and Pb
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
11 : Oxides of Sn and Pb
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Twm | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Tetrawickmanite
Waxy
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Honey-yellow, brown-orange
Hardness:
3½ - 4½ on Mohs scale
Density:
3.65 - 3.79 g/cm3 (Measured)
Optical Data of Tetrawickmanite
Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 1.724 nε = 1.72
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.004
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized uniaxial interference figure - the conoscopic
(convergent-light, Bertrand-lens-in) view, for a grain cut with the optic axis
centred and vertical. The coloured rings are isochromatics, computed with the
same physics as the Michel-Lévy bar above; the dark cross is the isogyre.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
Chemistry of Tetrawickmanite
Mindat Formula:
Mn2+[Sn4+(OH)6]
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Tetrawickmanite
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
4/m - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
P42/n
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.8655(4) Å, c = 7.7938(6) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 0.991
Unit Cell V:
482.17 ų
Z:
4
Morphology:
Pyramidal pseudo-octahedral crystals, similar in habit to some wulfenite crystals. The only forms identified are the prominent pyramid {112}, the pinacoid {001}, and a very minor prism (100}.
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Display Options
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
Rotation
Stop | Start
Stop | Start
Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0020227 | Tetrawickmanite | Lafuente B, Yang H, Downs R T (2015) Crystal structure of tetrawickmanite, Mn2+Sn4+(OH)6 Acta Crystallographica E71 234-237 |  | 2015 | Langban, Sweden | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.939 Å | (100) |
| 2.7698 Å | (90) |
| 1.7604 Å | (50) |
| 1.6050 Å | (40) |
| 4.518 Å | (30) |
| 3.880 Å | (30) |
| 2.2637 Å | (25) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits | |
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 34 : Complex granite pegmatites | |
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] |
Type Occurrence of Tetrawickmanite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Brownish-orange to bright yellow crystals.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian), Washington, D.C., USA, 120239, 121265.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Spodumene-albite pegmatite.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Tetrawickmanite
Other Language Names for Tetrawickmanite
Relationship of Tetrawickmanite to other Species
Other Members of Stottite Subgroup:
| Mopungite | Na[Sb5+(OH)6] | Tet. 4/m : P42/n |
| Nancyrossite | FeGeO6H5 | Tet. 4/m : P42/n |
| Stottite | Fe2+[Ge4+(OH)6] | Tet. 4/m : P42/n |
| Zincostottite | ZnGe(OH)6 | Tet. 4/m : P42/n |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 4 photos of Tetrawickmanite associated with Wickmanite | Mn2+[Sn(OH)6] |
| 4 photos of Tetrawickmanite associated with Magnetite | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| 2 photos of Tetrawickmanite associated with Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| 2 photos of Tetrawickmanite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 1 photo of Tetrawickmanite associated with Epididymite | Na2Be2Si6O15 · H2O |
| 1 photo of Tetrawickmanite associated with Lithiomarsturite | LiCaMn3Si5O14(OH) |
| 1 photo of Tetrawickmanite associated with Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| 1 photo of Tetrawickmanite associated with Braunite | Mn2+Mn3+6(SiO4)O8 |
| 1 photo of Tetrawickmanite associated with Chiavennite | CaMnBe2Si5O13(OH)2 · 2H2O |
| 1 photo of Tetrawickmanite associated with Bavenite | Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.FC.05 | Dzhalindite | In(OH)3 |
| 4.FC.05 | Bernalite | Fe(OH)3 · nH2O (n = 0.0 to 0.25) |
| 4.FC.05 | Söhngeite | Ga(OH)3 |
| 4.FC.10 | Mushistonite | (Cu,Zn,Fe2+)[Sn(OH)6] |
| 4.FC.10 | Natanite | Fe2+[Sn(OH)6] |
| 4.FC.10 | Burtite | Ca[Sn(OH)6] |
| 4.FC.10 | Vismirnovite | Zn[Sn(OH)6] |
| 4.FC.10 | Wickmanite | Mn2+[Sn(OH)6] |
| 4.FC.10 | Schoenfliesite | Mg[Sn(OH)6] |
| 4.FC.15 | Jeanbandyite | Fe3+Sn(OH)5O |
| 4.FC.15 | Nancyrossite | FeGeO6H5 |
| 4.FC.15 | Zincostottite | ZnGe(OH)6 |
| 4.FC.15 | Stottite | Fe2+[Ge4+(OH)6] |
| 4.FC.15 | Mopungite | Na[Sb5+(OH)6] |
| 4.FC.20 | Ferronigerite-2N1S | (Al,Fe,Zn)2(Al,Sn)6O11(OH) |
| 4.FC.20 | Magnesionigerite-6N6S | (Mg,Al,Zn)3(Al,Sn,Fe)8O15(OH) |
| 4.FC.20 | Magnesionigerite-2N1S | (Mg,Al,Zn)2(Al,Sn)6O11(OH) |
| 4.FC.20 | Ferronigerite-6N6S | (Al,Fe,Zn)3(Al,Sn,Fe)8O15(OH) |
| 4.FC.20 | Zinconigerite-2N1S | (Zn,Al,Mg)2(Al,Sn)6O11(OH) |
| 4.FC.20 | Zinconigerite-6N6S | Zn3Sn2Al16O30(OH)2 |
| 4.FC.25 | Magnesiotaaffeite-6N’3S | Mg2BeAl6O12 |
| 4.FC.25 | Magnesiotaaffeite-2N’2S | Mg3Al8BeO16 |
| 4.FC.25 | Ferrotaaffeite-2N’2S | Be(Fe,Mg,Zn)3Al8O16 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Tetrawickmanite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3928.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Tetrawickmanite
Reference List:
White, John Sampson, Nelen, Joseph A. (1973) Tetrawickmanite, Tetragonal MnSn(OH)6 - A New Mineral From North Carolina, and the Stottite Group. The Mineralogical Record, 4 (1) Tucson. 24-30
White, John Sampson, Nelen, Joseph A. (1973) Tetrawickmanite, Tetragonal MnSn(OH)6 - A New Mineral From North Carolina, and the Stottite Group. The Mineralogical Record, 4 (1) Tucson. 24-30
Localities for Tetrawickmanite
Showing 11 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Evan Sorrell collection |
Norway | |
| Larsen et al. (2010) |
| Larsen et al. (2010) | |
| Bjørn Kåre Stensvold collection mai ... +1 other reference |
| Peter Andresen collection |
| Larsen et al. (2010) | |
| Nordrum (2010) +1 other reference |
Sweden | |
| Dunn (1978) +2 other references |
| Gatedal et al. (2003) | |
Tajikistan | |
| Konovalenko et al. (1984) +1 other reference |
USA (TL) | |
| Leavens et al. (1967) +3 other references |
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Foote Lithium Co. Mine, Kings Mountain, Cleveland County, North Carolina, USA