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Hydropyrochlore

A valid IMA mineral species

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Hydropyrochlore

Lueshe Mine, Bwito, Rutshuru Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo

Hydropyrochlore

Lueshe Mine, Bwito, Rutshuru Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo

Hydropyrochlore

Lueshe Mine, Bwito, Rutshuru Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo

Hydropyrochlore

Lueshe Mine, Bwito, Rutshuru Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo

Hydropyrochlore

Lueshe Mine, Bwito, Rutshuru Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo

Hydropyrochlore

Lueshe Mine, Bwito, Rutshuru Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo

Hydropyrochlore

Lueshe Mine, Bwito, Rutshuru Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo

Hydropyrochlore

Lueshe Mine, Bwito, Rutshuru Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo

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About HydropyrochloreHide

Formula:

(H₂O,◻)₂Nb₂(O,OH)₆(H₂O)

Colour:

Greenish; greenish white

Hardness:

4 - 4½

Crystal System:

Isometric

Member of:

Pyrochlore Group > Pyrochlore Supergroup

Name:

For the chemical composition and relation to pyrochlore (now a generic name).

Type Locality:

ⓘ Lueshe Mine, Bwito, Rutshuru Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo

The former species kalipyrochlore described by van Wambeke (1965, 1978) is, following the new nomenclature of the pyrochlore supergroup, now classified with a new name, hydropyrochlore (Atencio et al., 2010; Christy & Atencio, 2013).

Pseudomorphs after columbite and fersmite are common at the type locality.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

2140

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:2140:7

Similar NamesHide

Yttropyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977)

A variety of Pyrochlore Group

(Y,Na,Ca,U)_1-2(Nb,Ta,Ti)₂(O,OH)₇

IMA Classification of HydropyrochloreHide

IMA status:

Approved

IMA status notes:

Redefined by the IMA

IMA Formula:

(H₂O,◻)₂Nb⁵⁺₂(O,OH)₆(H₂O)

Approval year:

2010

First published:

1965

Approval history:

Approved as kalipyrochlore by IMA in 1977 (Hogarth 1977)
Redefined as hydropyrochlore by IMA in 2010 (special procedure)

Classification of HydropyrochloreHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

4.DH.15

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
H : With large (+- medium-sized) cations; sheets of edge-sharing octahedra

Dana 8th ed.:

8.2.1.2

8 : MULTIPLE OXIDES CONTAINING NIOBIUM,TANTALUM OR TITANIUM
2 : A₂B₂O₆(O,OH,F)

Hey's CIM Ref.:

18.1.8

18 : Niobates and Tantalates
1 : Niobates and tantalates containing neither rare earths nor U

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Hpcl	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of HydropyrochloreHide

Colour:

Greenish; greenish white

Hardness:

4 - 4½ on Mohs scale

Chemistry of HydropyrochloreHide

Mindat Formula:

(H₂O,◻)₂Nb₂(O,OH)₆(H₂O)

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
Nb	55.325 %
O	42.874 %
H	1.801 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

H, Nb, O - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Common Impurities:

Sr,Ca,Ti,K

Crystallography of HydropyrochloreHide

Crystal System:

Isometric

Class (H-M):

m3m(4/m32/m) - Hexoctahedral

Space Group:

Fd3m

Setting:

Fd3m

Cell Parameters:

a = 10.580 Å

Unit Cell V:

1,184.29 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Octahedra

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0005370	Hydropyrochlore	Ercit T S, Hawthorne F C, Cerny P (1994) The structural chemistry of kalipyrochlore, a "hydropyrochlore" The Canadian Mineralogist 32 415-420		1994		0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Hydropyrochlore'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Ercit T S'
'Hawthorne F C'
'Cerny P'
_journal_name_full 'The Canadian Mineralogist'
_journal_volume 32 
_journal_year 1994
_journal_page_first 415
_journal_page_last 420
_publ_section_title
;
 The structural chemistry of kalipyrochlore, a "hydropyrochlore"
;
_database_code_amcsd 0005370
_chemical_formula_sum '(Nb.9 Ti.1) Sr.05 Ca.01 O8.64 K.8 H12.24'
_cell_length_a 10.604
_cell_length_b 10.604
_cell_length_c 10.604
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 1192.365
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      6.128
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'F d 3 m'
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  '1/4+z,-y,1/4+x'
  '3/4+z,1/2-y,1/4+x'
  '3/4+z,-y,3/4+x'
  '1/4-y,1/2+x,3/4-z'
  '1/4-y,+x,1/4-z'
  '3/4-y,1/2+x,1/4-z'
  '3/4-y,+x,3/4-z'
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  '3/4+x,1/2-z,1/4+y'
  '3/4+x,-z,3/4+y'
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  '3/4-z,+y,3/4-x'
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loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
Nb   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000   0.90000   0.02590
Ti   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000   0.10000   0.02590
SrA   0.50000   0.50000   0.50000   0.05000   0.00420
CaA   0.50000   0.50000   0.50000   0.01000   0.00420
WatA*   0.51000   0.51000   0.51000   0.50000   0.00420
O   0.31200   0.12500   0.12500   0.68000   0.01590
O-H   0.31200   0.12500   0.12500   0.32000   0.01590
Wat*   0.39800   0.39800   0.33100   0.58000   0.05000
K*   0.39800   0.39800   0.33100   0.10000   0.05000
Wat*   0.40700   0.40700   0.40700   0.58000   0.05000
K*   0.40700   0.40700   0.40700   0.10000   0.05000
loop_
_atom_site_aniso_label
_atom_site_aniso_U_11
_atom_site_aniso_U_22
_atom_site_aniso_U_33
_atom_site_aniso_U_12
_atom_site_aniso_U_13
_atom_site_aniso_U_23
Nb 0.02590 0.02590 0.02590 -0.00650 -0.00650 -0.00650
Ti 0.02590 0.02590 0.02590 -0.00650 -0.00650 -0.00650

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Near-surface Processes
26 : Hadean detrital minerals
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event	<2.4
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals]
Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere	<0.6
48 : Soil leaching zone minerals	<0.6

Type Occurrence of HydropyrochloreHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Lueshe Mine, Bwito, Rutshuru Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo

General Appearance of Type Material:

Greenish octaedra 3-5mm in size, some are corroded and weathered.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

In the residual soils of the Lueshe carbonatite deposit.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

'Barium-bearing Goyazite'	'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series'	Fersmite	Ilmenite	Rutile
Vermiculite

Synonyms of HydropyrochloreHide

Safiannikoffite

Weathered pyrochlore (of van Wambeke)

Other Language Names for HydropyrochloreHide

Dutch:Hydropyrochloor

German:Hydropyrochlor
Kalipyrochlor

Russian:Калипирохлор

Varieties of HydropyrochloreHide

Kalipyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977)

Relationship of Hydropyrochlore to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Pyrochlore Group > Pyrochlore Supergroup

Other Members of Pyrochlore Group:

Cesiokenopyrochlore	◻Nb₂(O,OH)₆(Cs,◻)	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Fluorcalciopyrochlore	(Ca,Na)₂(Nb,Ti)₂O₆F	Iso.
'Fluorhydropyrochlore'	A possible new species (See discussion in Atencio et al.
'Fluorkenopyrochlore'	(◻,Sr,Ce,Ca,Na)₂(Nb,Ti)₂O₆F
Fluornatropyrochlore	(Na,Pb,Ca,REE,U)₂Nb₂O₆F	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m)
'Fluorplumbopyrochlore'	(Pb,Y,Th,U,Na,Ca)_2-x(Nb,Ti)₂O₆F	Iso.
'Fluorstrontiopyrochlore'	(Sr,◻)₂Nb₂(O,OH)₆F
Hydrokenopyrochlore	(◻,x)₂Nb₂O₆(H₂O,Cs)	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Hydroxycalciopyrochlore	(Ca,Na,U,◻)₂(Nb,Ti)₂O₆(OH)	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Hydroxykenopyrochlore	(◻,Ce,Ba)₂(Nb,Ti)₂O₆(OH,F)	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Hydroxymanganopyrochlore	(Mn²⁺,Th,Na,Ca,REE)₂(Nb,Ti)₂O₆(OH)	Iso. m3(2/m3)
Hydroxynatropyrochlore	(Na,Ca,Ce)₂Nb₂O₆(OH)	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Hydroxyplumbopyrochlore	(Pb_1.5◻_0.5)Nb₂O₆(OH)	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
'Kenoplumbopyrochlore'	(Pb,◻)Nb₂O₆(◻,O)
Oxycalciopyrochlore	Ca₂Nb₂O₆O	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
'Oxynatropyrochlore'	(Na,Ca,U)₂Nb₂O₆(O,OH)
Oxyplumbopyrochlore	Pb₂Nb₂O₆O	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
'Oxyyttropyrochlore-(Y)'	(Y,◻)₂Nb₂O₆O
'Strontiopyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977)'	(Sr,Ce,Ca)_0.66(Nb,Fe)₂(O,OH)₇
'Unnamed (Sb-analogue of Hydroxymanganopyrochlor)'	(Mn,Ca,Y)₂(Sb,Ti)₂O₆(OH)

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

1 photo of Hydropyrochlore associated with Hydroxykenopyrochlore	(◻,Ce,Ba)₂(Nb,Ti)₂O₆(OH,F)
1 photo of Hydropyrochlore associated with Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄
1 photo of Hydropyrochlore associated with Baryte	BaSO₄

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

4.DH.	Cesiokenopyrochlore	◻Nb₂(O,OH)₆(Cs,◻)	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.	Roméite Group	A₂(Sb⁵⁺)₂O₆Z
4.DH.	Oxyplumboroméite	Pb₂Sb₂O₆O	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.	Fluornatropyrochlore	(Na,Pb,Ca,REE,U)₂Nb₂O₆F	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m)
4.DH.	Hydroxykenomicrolite	(◻,Na,Sb³⁺)₂Ta₂O₆(OH,Cs)	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.	'Fluornatroroméite'	(Na,Ca)₂Sb₂(O,OH)₆F
4.DH.	Oxyyttrobetafite-(Y)	Y₂Ti₂O₆O	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.05	Thorutite	(Th,U,Ca)Ti₂(O,OH)₆	Mon.
4.DH.05	Orthobrannerite	U⁴⁺U⁶⁺Ti₄O₁₂(OH)₂	Orth.
4.DH.05	Brannerite	UTi₂O₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
4.DH.10	Kassite	CaTi₂O₄(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
4.DH.10	Lucasite-(La)		Mon. 2 : B2
4.DH.10	Lucasite-(Ce)	CeTi₂(O,OH)₆	Mon.
4.DH.15	'Fluorhydropyrochlore'
4.DH.15	Hydrokenoelsmoreite	◻₂W₂O₆(H₂O)	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.15	'Hydroxynatromicrolite'	(Na,Bi³⁺,◻)₂Ta₂O₆(OH)	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.15	Hydroplumboelsmoreite	(Pb,◻)(W,Fe³⁺)₂O₆ · H₂O	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.15	'Unnamed (Sb-analogue of Hydroxymanganopyrochlor)'	(Mn,Ca,Y)₂(Sb,Ti)₂O₆(OH)
4.DH.15	Hydroxynatropyrochlore	(Na,Ca,Ce)₂Nb₂O₆(OH)	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.15	Hydrokenopyrochlore	(◻,x)₂Nb₂O₆(H₂O,Cs)	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.15	Oxybismutomicrolite	(Bi_1.33◻_0.67)_Σ2Ta₂O₆O	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.15	Kenomicrolite	◻₂Ta₂[O₄(OH)₂]◻	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.15	Fluornatromicrolite	(Na_1.5Bi_0.5)Ta₂O₆F	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.15	'Oxynatropyrochlore'	(Na,Ca,U)₂Nb₂O₆(O,OH)
4.DH.15	Hydroxycalciopyrochlore	(Ca,Na,U,◻)₂(Nb,Ti)₂O₆(OH)	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.15	Fluorcalciopyrochlore	(Ca,Na)₂(Nb,Ti)₂O₆F	Iso.
4.DH.15	Oxycalciopyrochlore	Ca₂Nb₂O₆O	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.15	'Fluorstrontiopyrochlore'	(Sr,◻)₂Nb₂(O,OH)₆F
4.DH.15	Oxyplumbopyrochlore	Pb₂Nb₂O₆O	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.15	'Fluorplumbopyrochlore'	(Pb,Y,Th,U,Na,Ca)_2-x(Nb,Ti)₂O₆F	Iso.
4.DH.15	'Bismutomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)'		Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.15	'Bismutopyrochlore (of Chukanov et al.)'	(Bi,Ca,U,Pb)_2-xNb₂(O,OH)₆(OH)	Amor.
4.DH.15	'Kenoplumbopyrochlore'	(Pb,◻)Nb₂O₆(◻,O)
4.DH.15	Hydroxyplumbopyrochlore	(Pb_1.5◻_0.5)Nb₂O₆(OH)	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.15	'Stibiomicrolite (of Groat et al.)'
4.DH.15	'Oxyyttropyrochlore-(Y)'	(Y,◻)₂Nb₂O₆O
4.DH.15	'Fluorkenopyrochlore'	(◻,Sr,Ce,Ca,Na)₂(Nb,Ti)₂O₆F
4.DH.15	Hydroxycalciomicrolite	Ca_1.5Ta₂O₆(OH)	Iso. 432 : P4₂32
4.DH.15	'Strontiopyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977)'	(Sr,Ce,Ca)_0.66(Nb,Fe)₂(O,OH)₇
4.DH.15 va	'Alumotungstite'	◻₂W₂O₆(H₂O)	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.15	'Oxycalciobetafite'	Ca₂(Ti,Nb)₂O₆O
4.DH.15	'Oxyuranobetafite'	(U,Ca,◻)₂(Ti,Nb)₂O₆O
4.DH.15	Fluorcalciomicrolite	(Ca,Na)₂(Ta,Nb)₂O₆F	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.15	Oxycalciomicrolite	Ca₂Ta₂O₆O	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.15	Oxystannomicrolite	Sn₂Ta₂O₆O	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.15	Kenoplumbomicrolite	(Pb,◻)₂Ta₂O₆(◻,OH,O)	Iso.
4.DH.15	Oxynatromicrolite	(Na,Ca,U)₂(Ta,Nb)₂O₆(O,F)	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.15	Oxystibiomicrolite	(Sb³⁺,Ca)₂Ta₂O₆O	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.15	'Hydromicrolite'	(H₂O,◻)₂Ta₂(O,OH)₆(H₂O)
4.DH.15	'Plumbomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)'
4.DH.15	Hydrokenomicrolite	(◻,H₂O)₂Ta₂(O,OH)₆(H₂O)	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m)
4.DH.15	Hydroxykenoelsmoreite	(◻,Pb)₂(W,Fe³⁺,Al)₂(O,OH)₆(OH)	Trig. 3 : R3
4.DH.15 va	'Yttromicrolite (of Hogarth)'	(Ca,Y³⁺,U,Na)_2-x(Ta,Nb,Ti,Fe³⁺)₂O₇	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.15	Hydroxykenopyrochlore	(◻,Ce,Ba)₂(Nb,Ti)₂O₆(OH,F)	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.15	Hydroxymanganopyrochlore	(Mn²⁺,Th,Na,Ca,REE)₂(Nb,Ti)₂O₆(OH)	Iso. m3(2/m3)
4.DH.20	'Cuproroméite'	Cu₂Sb₂(O,OH)₇	Iso.
4.DH.20	Hydroxycalcioroméite	(Ca,Sb³⁺)₂(Sb⁵⁺,Ti)₂O₆(OH)	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.20	Bindheimite	Pb₂Sb₂O₆O	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.20	Hydroxyferroroméite	(Fe²⁺_1.5◻_0.5)Sb⁵⁺₂O₆(OH)	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.20	Fluorcalcioroméite	(Ca,Na,◻)₂Sb⁵⁺₂(O,OH)₆F	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.20	Oxycalcioroméite	Ca₂Sb₂O₆O	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.DH.20	Stetefeldtite	Ag₂Sb₂(O,OH)₇	Iso.
4.DH.20	Stibiconite	Sb³⁺Sb⁵⁺₂O₆(OH)	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m)
4.DH.20	Monimolite	Pb₂Sb⁵⁺₂O₇	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m)
4.DH.25	Rosiaite	PbSb⁵⁺₂O₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : P31m
4.DH.30	Stefanweissite	(Ca,REE)₂Zr₂(Nb,Ti)(Ti,Nb)₂Fe²⁺O₁₄	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmca
4.DH.30	Zirconolite	CaZrTi₂O₇	Orth.
4.DH.30	Laachite	(Ca,Mn)₂Zr₂Nb₂TiFeO₁₄	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.DH.30	Nöggerathite-(Ce)	(Ce,Ca)₂Zr₂(Nb,Ti)(Ti,Nb)₂Fe²⁺O₁₄	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmca
4.DH.35	Liandratite	U(Nb,Ta)₂O₈	Trig. 3m(32/m) : P31m
4.DH.35	Petscheckite	UFe(Nb,Ta)₂O₈	Hex.
4.DH.40	Ingersonite	Ca₃Mn²⁺Sb⁵⁺₄O₁₄	Trig. 32 : P3₁21
4.DH.45	Pittongite	Na_0.22(W,Fe³⁺)(O,OH)₃ · 0.44H₂O	Hex. 6m2 : P6m2
4.DH.50	Tazzoliite	Ba_4-xNa_xTi₂Nb₃SiO₁₇[PO₂(OH)₂]_x(OH)_(1-2x)	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Fmmm

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References for HydropyrochloreHide

Reference List:

American Mineralogist: 80: 407.

Van Wambeke, L. (1965) A study of some niobium-bearing minerals of the Lueshe carbonatite deposit Kivu, Rep. of Congo). Euratom Report 2110, 9-16.

Van Wambeke, L. (1978) Kalipyrochlore, a new mineral of the pyrochlore group. American Mineralogist, 63 (5-6) 528-530

Ercit, T.S., Hawthorne, F.C., and Černý, P. (1994) The structural chemistry of kalipyrochlore, a "hydropyrochlore". Canadian Mineralogist: 32: 415-420.

Philippo, S., Naud, J., Declercq, J. P., Feneau-Dupont, J. (1995) Structure refinement and X-ray powder diffraction data for kalipyrochlore (K,Sr,Na,Ca,H₂O)_2−m(Nb,Ti)_2−xO_6−wY_1−n, with (0<m<0.8, x∼0.2, W = 0 and 0.2<n<1). Powder Diffraction, 10 (3). 180-184 doi:10.1017/s088571560001469x

Atencio, D., Andrade, M. B., Christy, A. G., Giere, R., Kartashov, P. M. (2010) The pyrochlore supergroup of minerals: nomenclature. The Canadian Mineralogist, 48 (3) 673-698 doi:10.3749/canmin.48.3.673

Christy, A. G., Atencio, D. (2013) Clarification of status of species in the pyrochlore supergroup. Mineralogical Magazine, 77 (1) 13-20 doi:10.1180/minmag.2013.077.1.02

(2020) Hydropyrochlore. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Taddei, Alice, Bindi, Luca, Lepore, Giovanni O., Skogby, Henrik, Bonazzi, Paola (2024) Crystallographic insights into monovalent thallium incorporation: Exploring hydropyrochlore structure for environmental remediation. American Mineralogist, 109 (11). doi:10.2138/am-2023-9289

Localities for HydropyrochloreHide

Showing 8 localities.

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- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Angola
Huíla Province Quilengues ⓘ Mount Bonga	Amores-Casals et al. (2019)

Brazil
Amazonas Presidente Figueiredo Pitinga mine ⓘ Madeira pluton	Hadlich et al. (2024)
Minas Gerais ⓘ Araxá	Daniel Atencio Unpub data

DR Congo (TL)
North Kivu Rutshuru Territory Bwito ⓘ Lueshe Mine (TL)	Van Wambeke (1965) +1 other reference

Poland
Lower Silesian Voivodeship Dzierżoniów County Piława Górna DSS Piława Górna Quarry ⓘ Julianna pegmatite	Pieczka et al. (2018)
Wrocław County Gmina Jordanów Śląski ⓘ Jordanów nephrite quarry	Zelek-Pogudz et al. (2026)

Russia
Krasnoyarsk Krai Boguchansky District Chadobets alkaline complex ⓘ Chuktukon carbonatite massif	Sharygin +11 other references
Zabaykalsky Krai Kalarsky District ⓘ Katugin Ta-Nb deposit	Starikova et al. (2019)

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Hydropyrochlore

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