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Heldburger Gangschar Volcanic Province, Heldburg, Hildburghausen District, Thuringia, Germanyi
Regional Level Types
Heldburger Gangschar Volcanic ProvinceVolcanic Province
HeldburgMunicipality
Hildburghausen DistrictRural District
ThuringiaState
GermanyCountry

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
50° 16' 59'' North , 10° 43' 0'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
50.28333,10.71667
GRN:
N34E05
Type:
Volcanic Province
Age:
41.6 to 16 Ma
Geologic Time:
Cenozoic
Dating method:
K-Ar
Reference for age:
Huckenholz, H. G., & WERNER, C. D. (1990). Die terti
Köppen climate type:
Cfb : Temperate oceanic climate
Mindat Locality ID:
359309
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:359309:0
GUID (UUID V4):
0


The province comprises several volcanic plugs and a dike swarm trending NNE, which extends over an area of c. 50 x 20 km.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

11 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Aegirine-augite
Formula: (NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6
ⓘ 'Aeschynite'
ⓘ 'Alkali Feldspar'
References:
Lippolt, H. J. (1982). K/Ar age determinations and the correlation of Tertiary volcanic activity in Central Europe. Geologisches Jahrbuch. Reihe D. Mineralogie, Petrographie, Geochemie, Lagerstättenkunde, (52), 113-135.
Huckenholz, H. G., & WERNER, C. D. (1990). Die tertiären Vulkanite der Heldburger Gangschar (Bayerisch-thüringisches Grabfeld). Berichte der Deutschen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft, 1990(2), 1-42.
Grant, Thomas B., Milke, Ralf, Pandey, Sanjay, Jahnke, Hannes (2013) The Heldburg Phonolite, Central Germany: Reactions between phonolite and xenocrysts from the upper mantle and lower crust. Lithos, 182. 86-101 doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2013.09.012
Abratis, M., Viereck, L., Pfänder, J. A., & Hentschel, R. (2015). Geochemical composition, petrography and 40 Ar/39 Ar age of the Heldburg phonolite: implications on magma mixing and mingling. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 104(8), 2033-2055.
ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup'
Formula: AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
ⓘ Analcime
Formula: Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O
References:
Lippolt, H. J. (1982). K/Ar age determinations and the correlation of Tertiary volcanic activity in Central Europe. Geologisches Jahrbuch. Reihe D. Mineralogie, Petrographie, Geochemie, Lagerstättenkunde, (52), 113-135.
Huckenholz, H. G., & WERNER, C. D. (1990). Die tertiären Vulkanite der Heldburger Gangschar (Bayerisch-thüringisches Grabfeld). Berichte der Deutschen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft, 1990(2), 1-42.
Grant, Thomas B., Milke, Ralf, Pandey, Sanjay, Jahnke, Hannes (2013) The Heldburg Phonolite, Central Germany: Reactions between phonolite and xenocrysts from the upper mantle and lower crust. Lithos, 182. 86-101 doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2013.09.012
Abratis, M., Viereck, L., Pfänder, J. A., & Hentschel, R. (2015). Geochemical composition, petrography and 40 Ar/39 Ar age of the Heldburg phonolite: implications on magma mixing and mingling. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 104(8), 2033-2055.
ⓘ 'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ Augite
Formula: (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
ⓘ 'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ 'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series'
ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'
References:
Lippolt, H. J. (1982). K/Ar age determinations and the correlation of Tertiary volcanic activity in Central Europe. Geologisches Jahrbuch. Reihe D. Mineralogie, Petrographie, Geochemie, Lagerstättenkunde, (52), 113-135.
Huckenholz, H. G., & WERNER, C. D. (1990). Die tertiären Vulkanite der Heldburger Gangschar (Bayerisch-thüringisches Grabfeld). Berichte der Deutschen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft, 1990(2), 1-42.
Grant, Thomas B., Milke, Ralf, Pandey, Sanjay, Jahnke, Hannes (2013) The Heldburg Phonolite, Central Germany: Reactions between phonolite and xenocrysts from the upper mantle and lower crust. Lithos, 182. 86-101 doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2013.09.012
Abratis, M., Viereck, L., Pfänder, J. A., & Hentschel, R. (2015). Geochemical composition, petrography and 40 Ar/39 Ar age of the Heldburg phonolite: implications on magma mixing and mingling. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 104(8), 2033-2055.
ⓘ Haüyne
Formula: Na3Ca(Si3Al3)O12(SO4)
ⓘ 'Hornblende Root Name Group'
Formula: ◻Ca2(Z2+4Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
ⓘ Ilmenite
Formula: Fe2+TiO3
ⓘ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
ⓘ 'Melilite Group'
Formula: Ca2M(XSiO7)
References:
Lippolt, H. J. (1982). K/Ar age determinations and the correlation of Tertiary volcanic activity in Central Europe. Geologisches Jahrbuch. Reihe D. Mineralogie, Petrographie, Geochemie, Lagerstättenkunde, (52), 113-135.
Huckenholz, H. G., & WERNER, C. D. (1990). Die tertiären Vulkanite der Heldburger Gangschar (Bayerisch-thüringisches Grabfeld). Berichte der Deutschen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft, 1990(2), 1-42.
Grant, Thomas B., Milke, Ralf, Pandey, Sanjay, Jahnke, Hannes (2013) The Heldburg Phonolite, Central Germany: Reactions between phonolite and xenocrysts from the upper mantle and lower crust. Lithos, 182. 86-101 doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2013.09.012
Abratis, M., Viereck, L., Pfänder, J. A., & Hentschel, R. (2015). Geochemical composition, petrography and 40 Ar/39 Ar age of the Heldburg phonolite: implications on magma mixing and mingling. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 104(8), 2033-2055.
ⓘ 'Microlite Group'
Formula: A2-mTa2X6-wZ-n
ⓘ Nepheline
Formula: Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
ⓘ 'Plagioclase'
Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
References:
Lippolt, H. J. (1982). K/Ar age determinations and the correlation of Tertiary volcanic activity in Central Europe. Geologisches Jahrbuch. Reihe D. Mineralogie, Petrographie, Geochemie, Lagerstättenkunde, (52), 113-135.
Huckenholz, H. G., & WERNER, C. D. (1990). Die tertiären Vulkanite der Heldburger Gangschar (Bayerisch-thüringisches Grabfeld). Berichte der Deutschen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft, 1990(2), 1-42.
Grant, Thomas B., Milke, Ralf, Pandey, Sanjay, Jahnke, Hannes (2013) The Heldburg Phonolite, Central Germany: Reactions between phonolite and xenocrysts from the upper mantle and lower crust. Lithos, 182. 86-101 doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2013.09.012
Abratis, M., Viereck, L., Pfänder, J. A., & Hentschel, R. (2015). Geochemical composition, petrography and 40 Ar/39 Ar age of the Heldburg phonolite: implications on magma mixing and mingling. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 104(8), 2033-2055.
ⓘ 'Rhombohedral Carbonate'
Formula: (Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
References:
Lippolt, H. J. (1982). K/Ar age determinations and the correlation of Tertiary volcanic activity in Central Europe. Geologisches Jahrbuch. Reihe D. Mineralogie, Petrographie, Geochemie, Lagerstättenkunde, (52), 113-135.
Huckenholz, H. G., & WERNER, C. D. (1990). Die tertiären Vulkanite der Heldburger Gangschar (Bayerisch-thüringisches Grabfeld). Berichte der Deutschen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft, 1990(2), 1-42.
Grant, Thomas B., Milke, Ralf, Pandey, Sanjay, Jahnke, Hannes (2013) The Heldburg Phonolite, Central Germany: Reactions between phonolite and xenocrysts from the upper mantle and lower crust. Lithos, 182. 86-101 doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2013.09.012
Abratis, M., Viereck, L., Pfänder, J. A., & Hentschel, R. (2015). Geochemical composition, petrography and 40 Ar/39 Ar age of the Heldburg phonolite: implications on magma mixing and mingling. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 104(8), 2033-2055.
ⓘ Sanidine
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ Sodalite
Formula: Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
ⓘ Titanite
Formula: CaTi(SiO4)O
ⓘ 'Zeolite Group'
References:
Lippolt, H. J. (1982). K/Ar age determinations and the correlation of Tertiary volcanic activity in Central Europe. Geologisches Jahrbuch. Reihe D. Mineralogie, Petrographie, Geochemie, Lagerstättenkunde, (52), 113-135.
Huckenholz, H. G., & WERNER, C. D. (1990). Die tertiären Vulkanite der Heldburger Gangschar (Bayerisch-thüringisches Grabfeld). Berichte der Deutschen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft, 1990(2), 1-42.
Grant, Thomas B., Milke, Ralf, Pandey, Sanjay, Jahnke, Hannes (2013) The Heldburg Phonolite, Central Germany: Reactions between phonolite and xenocrysts from the upper mantle and lower crust. Lithos, 182. 86-101 doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2013.09.012
Abratis, M., Viereck, L., Pfänder, J. A., & Hentschel, R. (2015). Geochemical composition, petrography and 40 Ar/39 Ar age of the Heldburg phonolite: implications on magma mixing and mingling. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 104(8), 2033-2055.
ⓘ Zircon
Formula: Zr(SiO4)

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ'Microlite Group'4.00.A2-mTa2X6-wZ-n
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘvar. Titanium-bearing Magnetite4.BB.05Fe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
ⓘIlmenite4.CB.05Fe2+TiO3
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘZircon9.AD.30Zr(SiO4)
ⓘTitanite9.AG.15CaTi(SiO4)O
ⓘAugite9.DA.15(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
ⓘAegirine-augite9.DA.20(NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6
ⓘNepheline9.FA.05Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
ⓘSanidine9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘHaüyne9.FB.10Na3Ca(Si3Al3)O12(SO4)
ⓘSodalite9.FB.10Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
ⓘ'Zeolite Group'9.G0.
ⓘAnalcime9.GB.05Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Unclassified
ⓘ'Aeschynite'-
ⓘ'Alkali Feldspar'-
ⓘ'Amphibole Supergroup'-AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
ⓘ'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'-
ⓘ'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series'-
ⓘ'Hornblende Root Name Group'-◻Ca2(Z2+4Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
ⓘ'Plagioclase'-(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
ⓘ'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ'Melilite Group'-Ca2M(XSiO7)
ⓘ'Rhombohedral Carbonate'-(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Hⓘ AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Hⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Hⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Hⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
CCarbon
Cⓘ Rhombohedral Carbonate(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
OOxygen
Oⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Oⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Oⓘ AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Oⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Oⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Oⓘ HaüyneNa3Ca(Si3Al3)O12(SO4)
Oⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Oⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Oⓘ SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Oⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Oⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
Oⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Oⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Oⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
Oⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Oⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Oⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Oⓘ Melilite GroupCa2M(XSiO7)
Oⓘ Rhombohedral Carbonate(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
FFluorine
Fⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Fⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Fⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Fⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
NaSodium
Naⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Naⓘ AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Naⓘ HaüyneNa3Ca(Si3Al3)O12(SO4)
Naⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Naⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Naⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Mgⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Mgⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Mgⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Mgⓘ Rhombohedral Carbonate(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
AlAluminium
Alⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Alⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Alⓘ AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Alⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Alⓘ HaüyneNa3Ca(Si3Al3)O12(SO4)
Alⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Alⓘ SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Alⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Alⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
SiSilicon
Siⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Siⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Siⓘ AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Siⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Siⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Siⓘ HaüyneNa3Ca(Si3Al3)O12(SO4)
Siⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Siⓘ SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Siⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Siⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Siⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Siⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Siⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Siⓘ Melilite GroupCa2M(XSiO7)
PPhosphorus
Pⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
SSulfur
Sⓘ HaüyneNa3Ca(Si3Al3)O12(SO4)
ClChlorine
Clⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Clⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Clⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Clⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
KPotassium
Kⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Kⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Kⓘ SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
CaCalcium
Caⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Caⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Caⓘ HaüyneNa3Ca(Si3Al3)O12(SO4)
Caⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Caⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Caⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Caⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Caⓘ Melilite GroupCa2M(XSiO7)
Caⓘ Rhombohedral Carbonate(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Tiⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Tiⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Tiⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Tiⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
MnManganese
Mnⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
Mnⓘ Rhombohedral Carbonate(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
FeIron
Feⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Feⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Feⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Feⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Feⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
Feⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Feⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
Feⓘ Rhombohedral Carbonate(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
ZrZirconium
Zrⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
NbNiobium
Nbⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
TaTantalum
Taⓘ Microlite GroupA2-mTa2X6-wZ-n

Geochronology

Mineralization age: Miocene : 11 Ma

Important note: This table is based only on rock and mineral ages recorded on mindat.org for this locality and is not necessarily a complete representation of the geochronology, but does give an indication of possible mineralization events relevant to this locality. As more age information is added this table may expand in the future. A break in the table simply indicates a lack of data entered here, not necessarily a break in the geologic sequence. Grey background entries are from different, related, localities.

Geologic TimeRocks, Minerals and Events
Phanerozoic
 Cenozoic
  Neogene
   Miocene
ⓘ Phonolite11 MaHeldburg Phonolite Plug, Heldburger Gangschar Volcanic Province, Heldburg, Hildburghausen District, Thuringia, Germany

Localities in this Region

Germany

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate
EuropeContinent

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

www.gdgh.de (n.d.) https://www.gdgh.de/berichte/b13/oberleinleiter_pop_1.pdf
Lippolt, H. J. (1982). K/Ar age determinations and the correlation of Tertiary volcanic activity in Central Europe. Geologisches Jahrbuch. Reihe D. Mineralogie, Petrographie, Geochemie, Lagerstättenkunde, (52), 113-135.
Huckenholz, H. G., & WERNER, C. D. (1990). Die tertiären Vulkanite der Heldburger Gangschar (Bayerisch-thüringisches Grabfeld). Berichte der Deutschen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft, 1990(2), 1-42.
Tanyeri, Jale (2006) Geochemische Untersuchungen der tertiären Vulkanite der Hocheifel, der Heldburger Gangschar und der Fichtelgebirgszone. PhD thesis, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. ( https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7209/1/Tanyeri_Jale.pdf )
Grant, Thomas B., Milke, Ralf, Pandey, Sanjay, Jahnke, Hannes (2013) The Heldburg Phonolite, Central Germany: Reactions between phonolite and xenocrysts from the upper mantle and lower crust. Lithos, 182. 86-101 doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2013.09.012
Abratis, M., Viereck, L., Pfänder, J. A., & Hentschel, R. (2015). Geochemical composition, petrography and 40 Ar/39 Ar age of the Heldburg phonolite: implications on magma mixing and mingling. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 104(8), 2033-2055.
Woolley, Alan R. (2019) Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World. Part 4: Antarctica, Asia and Europe (excluding the former USSR), Australasia and Oceanic Islands. The Geological Society of London. doi:10.1144/mpar4
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To cite: Ralph, J., Von Bargen, D., Martynov, P., Zhang, J., Que, X., Prabhu, A., Morrison, S. M., Li, W., Chen, W., & Ma, X. (2025). Mindat.org: The open access mineralogy database to accelerate data-intensive geoscience research. American Mineralogist, 110(6), 833–844. doi:10.2138/am-2024-9486.
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