Description: First described in Dana's System of Minerology 5th edition (1868, p.409) as a pale-yellow zinciferous clay discovered in the upper workings of the Uebberoth Zinc Mine by J. M. Blake. (MSP Newsletter, May 1963, p. 5, PM7) analyzed in 1875 by Prof. W. T. Roepper of Lehigh University. Found in large quantity durring mining operations close to the surface, tonnage of the material was shipped to the Oxide furnaces for recovery of it's zinc content (20-30 percent of Zinc Oxide). ref: B. L. Miller, Lehigh Co., PA; Geol. Surv. Bill. C39, 1941, p. 340)

ⓘ Smithsonite

Formula: ZnCO₃

Localities:

Friedensville Mine, Friedensville, Upper Saucon Township, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, USA
Ueberroth Mine, Friedensville, Upper Saucon Township, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, USA

ⓘ Sphalerite

Formula: ZnS

Localities:

ⓘ Spinel

Formula: MgAl₂O₄

Locality: Friedensville Mine, Friedensville, Upper Saucon Township, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, USA

References:

Lapham, Davis M., Geyer, Alan R. (1965) Mineral Collecting in Pennsylvania. Bulletin G33 (2nd ed.). Pennsylvania Geological Survey

Gallery:

ZnCO₃ⓘ Smithsonite

Smithsonite

Friedensville, Upper Saucon Township, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, USA

Smithsonite

Friedensville, Upper Saucon Township, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, USA

Smithsonite

Friedensville, Upper Saucon Township, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, USA

ZnSⓘ Sphalerite

Sphalerite

Friedensville Mine, Friedensville, Upper Saucon Township, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, USA

Sphalerite

Friedensville Mine, Friedensville, Upper Saucon Township, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, USA

Sphalerite

Friedensville Mine, Friedensville, Upper Saucon Township, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, USA

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘ	Sphalerite	2.CB.05a	ZnS
ⓘ	Greenockite	2.CB.45	CdS
ⓘ	Pyrite	2.EB.05a	FeS₂
ⓘ	Marcasite	2.EB.10a	FeS₂
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ	Spinel	4.BB.05	MgAl₂O₄
ⓘ	Quartz	4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ	Pyrolusite	4.DB.05	Mn⁴⁺O₂
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘ	Calcite	5.AB.05	CaCO₃
ⓘ	Smithsonite	5.AB.05	ZnCO₃
ⓘ	Dolomite	5.AB.10	CaMg(CO₃)₂
ⓘ	Aragonite	5.AB.15	CaCO₃
ⓘ	Malachite	5.BA.10	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Hydrozincite	5.BA.15	Zn₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆
ⓘ	Lanthanite-(La)	5.CC.25	La₂(CO₃)₃ · 8H₂O
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘ	Bianchite	7.CB.25	Zn(SO₄) · 6H₂O
ⓘ	Melanterite	7.CB.35	Fe²⁺(H₂O)₆SO₄ · H₂O
ⓘ	Goslarite	7.CB.40	ZnSO₄ · 7H₂O
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘ	Hemimorphite	9.BD.10	Zn₄Si₂O₇(OH)₂ · H₂O
ⓘ	Sauconite (TL)	9.EC.45	Na_0.3Zn₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · 4H₂O
ⓘ	Kaolinite	9.ED.05	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
ⓘ	Allophane	9.ED.20	(Al₂O₃)(SiO₂)_1.3-2 · 2.5-3H₂O
Unclassified
ⓘ	'Limonite'	-
ⓘ	'Calamine'	-

List of minerals for each chemical element

H	Hydrogen
H	ⓘ Allophane	(Al₂O₃)(SiO₂)_1.3-2 · 2.5-3H₂O
H	ⓘ Bianchite	Zn(SO₄) · 6H₂O
H	ⓘ Goslarite	ZnSO₄ · 7H₂O
H	ⓘ Hemimorphite	Zn₄Si₂O₇(OH)₂ · H₂O
H	ⓘ Hydrozincite	Zn₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆
H	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
H	ⓘ Lanthanite-(La)	La₂(CO₃)₃ · 8H₂O
H	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Melanterite	Fe²⁺(H₂O)₆SO₄ · H₂O
H	ⓘ Sauconite	Na_0.3Zn₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · 4H₂O
C	Carbon
C	ⓘ Aragonite	CaCO₃
C	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
C	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
C	ⓘ Hydrozincite	Zn₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆
C	ⓘ Lanthanite-(La)	La₂(CO₃)₃ · 8H₂O
C	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
C	ⓘ Smithsonite	ZnCO₃
O	Oxygen
O	ⓘ Allophane	(Al₂O₃)(SiO₂)_1.3-2 · 2.5-3H₂O
O	ⓘ Aragonite	CaCO₃
O	ⓘ Bianchite	Zn(SO₄) · 6H₂O
O	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
O	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
O	ⓘ Goslarite	ZnSO₄ · 7H₂O
O	ⓘ Hemimorphite	Zn₄Si₂O₇(OH)₂ · H₂O
O	ⓘ Hydrozincite	Zn₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆
O	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
O	ⓘ Lanthanite-(La)	La₂(CO₃)₃ · 8H₂O
O	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Melanterite	Fe²⁺(H₂O)₆SO₄ · H₂O
O	ⓘ Pyrolusite	Mn⁴⁺O₂
O	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Sauconite	Na_0.3Zn₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · 4H₂O
O	ⓘ Smithsonite	ZnCO₃
O	ⓘ Spinel	MgAl₂O₄
Na	Sodium
Na	ⓘ Sauconite	Na_0.3Zn₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · 4H₂O
Mg	Magnesium
Mg	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
Mg	ⓘ Spinel	MgAl₂O₄
Al	Aluminium
Al	ⓘ Allophane	(Al₂O₃)(SiO₂)_1.3-2 · 2.5-3H₂O
Al	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Al	ⓘ Sauconite	Na_0.3Zn₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · 4H₂O
Al	ⓘ Spinel	MgAl₂O₄
Si	Silicon
Si	ⓘ Allophane	(Al₂O₃)(SiO₂)_1.3-2 · 2.5-3H₂O
Si	ⓘ Hemimorphite	Zn₄Si₂O₇(OH)₂ · H₂O
Si	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Si	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Sauconite	Na_0.3Zn₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · 4H₂O
S	Sulfur
S	ⓘ Bianchite	Zn(SO₄) · 6H₂O
S	ⓘ Goslarite	ZnSO₄ · 7H₂O
S	ⓘ Greenockite	CdS
S	ⓘ Marcasite	FeS₂
S	ⓘ Melanterite	Fe²⁺(H₂O)₆SO₄ · H₂O
S	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
S	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
Ca	Calcium
Ca	ⓘ Aragonite	CaCO₃
Ca	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
Ca	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
Mn	Manganese
Mn	ⓘ Pyrolusite	Mn⁴⁺O₂
Fe	Iron
Fe	ⓘ Marcasite	FeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Melanterite	Fe²⁺(H₂O)₆SO₄ · H₂O
Fe	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
Cu	Copper
Cu	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
Zn	Zinc
Zn	ⓘ Bianchite	Zn(SO₄) · 6H₂O
Zn	ⓘ Goslarite	ZnSO₄ · 7H₂O
Zn	ⓘ Hemimorphite	Zn₄Si₂O₇(OH)₂ · H₂O
Zn	ⓘ Hydrozincite	Zn₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆
Zn	ⓘ Sauconite	Na_0.3Zn₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · 4H₂O
Zn	ⓘ Smithsonite	ZnCO₃
Zn	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
Cd	Cadmium
Cd	ⓘ Greenockite	CdS
La	Lanthanum
La	ⓘ Lanthanite-(La)	La₂(CO₃)₃ · 8H₂O

Localities in this Region

USA

Pennsylvania
- Lehigh County
  - Upper Saucon Township
    - Friedensville

Other Regions, Features and Areas that Intersect

North AmericaContinent

North America PlateTectonic Plate

Laurentides DomainPassive Margin

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References

Ross, Clarence S. (1946) Sauconite - a clay mineral of the montmorillonite group. American Mineralogist, 31 (9-10) 411-424

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List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

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Saucon Valley, Upper Saucon Township, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, USA i
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