ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ (1889ึพ1958)

 <ื‘ื”ื›ื ื”>

Joseph Zฬฃevi Rimon

    ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ื™"ื— ื‘ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืจืž"ื˜, 17 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 1889 ื‘ืขื™ื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ื–'ื•ืŸ, ืคืœืš ืคืœื•ืฆืง ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ, ืœืื‘ื™ื• ืจ' ืืคืจื™ื ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื’ืจืื ืื˜ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื ืืžื ื™ ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ื•ืฉื ื™ื”ืœ ืกืคืจื™ื” ืขื‘ืจื™ืช. ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืชื—ื ืš ื‘ืื•ืจื— ืžืกื•ืจืชื™. ื‘-1904 ื ื›ื ืก ืœื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจื‘ ืจื™ื™ื ืก ื‘ืœื™ื“ื, ืฉื ื•ื“ืข ื‘ื ื˜ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื›ืœื”. ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืคื•ื’ืจื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืขื‘ืจ ืœื•ื•ื™ืœื ื” (1905), ื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืจืืžื™ื™ืœื™ืก ื•ื’ื ืฉืงื“ ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื™ืช ืฉื˜ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืกืคืจื•ืช ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”. ื–ืžืŸ-ืžื” ืฉื™ืžืฉ ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื›ืคืจ, ื•ืื– ืคื™ืจืกื ืืช ืฉื™ืจื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, "ืฉื™ืจ ืื‘ื™ื‘", ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื’ืŸ ืฉืขืฉื•ืขื™ื (1906). ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืชื—ืชืŸ ื•ืขืœื” ืขื ืืฉืชื• ืืจืฆื” (1909). ืœืžื“ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ื‘ื™ืคื•, ื•ื›ืฉื”ืชืงื‘ืœ ืœืžืฉื‚ืจืช ืœื‘ืœืจ ื‘"ื›ื•ืœืœ" ื•ืจืฉื” ืขืœื” ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ืืฃ ืฉื—ื™ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ, ื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืฉื ื”ืขื˜ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื ื•ื“ื“ ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ื•ืขืœ ื›ืš ื ืขื ืฉ ื•ืกื•ืœืง ืžืžืฉืจืชื• ื‘"ื›ื•ืœืœ". ื‘-1910 ืคื™ืจืกื ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฆื ื•ืขื” ื‘ืฉื ืœืงื˜, ื•ื‘-1911 ืขื‘ืจ ืœื—ื™ืคื” ื›ืžื ื”ืœ ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ืืš ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื ื” ื—ื–ืจ ืœื™ืคื•, ืขื‘ื“ ื›ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ "ืชื—ื›ืžื•ื ื™" ื•ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ื“ื‘ื™ืจ (1913). ื‘-1915 ืขื‘ืจ ืœืคืชื— ืชืงื•ื•ื” ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช, ื•ืื– ื›ื™ื ืก ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืžืฉื™ืจื™ื• ื‘ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื‘ืžื—ื–ื” (1916). ื›ืฉืงืจื‘ื” ื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื ื“ื“ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ืฉื‘ ืœื™ืคื• ืขื ื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ (1918). ืžืื– ื•ืขื“ ืื—ืจื™ืช ื™ืžื™ื• ื—ื™ ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืจื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืฆืคืช, ื˜ื‘ืจื™ื” ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื”ื™ื” ืžืกืชื•ืคืฃ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื›ื ืกืช ืขืชื™ืงื™ื ื•ืฉื•ืงืข ื‘ื”ื’ื•ืช ืžื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื‘ืœื”. ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ืœื— ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืœื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ื•ืœื”ื“ื™ื. ื‘-1921, ื‘ืฉืขืช ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื‘ืคืจื“ืกื™ ื”ื™ืจืงื•ืŸ, ื”ื•ืชืงืฃ ื•ื ืคืฆืข ืงืฉื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืขืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ืžืฉื”ื—ืœื™ื ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื ื“ื•ื“ ืขื•ื“ ื›ื—ืžืฉ-ืขืฉืจื” ืฉื ื”, ืขื“ ืฉื—ื–ืจ ืœืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ (1936). ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืžืงื™ืฃ ืžืฉื™ืจื™ื• ื›ื•ึผื ืก ื‘ืกืคืจื• ื›ืชืจื™ื (1944), ืฉื–ื›ื” ื‘ื”ื›ืจื” ื•ื‘ื”ื•ืงืจื”.
    ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ ื ืžื ื” ืขื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื ื”ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื—ื™ื“ืฉื• ืืช ืฉื™ืจืชื ื‘ืจื•ื— ื”ืืจืฅ, ื•ื”ืฉืชื›ืœืœื• ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืžื ื“ื˜ ืขื“ ื”ืฉืœืžืช ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื ื•ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืžืจืืฉื™ืชื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื™ืจืชื• ื ื˜ื•ืœืช ื™ื•ืžืจื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืชื™ื•ืช: ื–ื• ืฉื™ืจืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจื” ืืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื. ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื‘ื ื™ ื“ื•ืจื• ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ื ื™ืžื” ื“ืชื™ืช ืืš ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช, ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืฆื•ืจื ื™ืช ืžืคืชื™ืขื”, ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช, ื ื•ื˜ื” ืœืชืขื•ื–ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช. ืžืคืขื ืœืคืขื ื”ืžืจื™ืื” ืฉื™ืจืชื• ืžืขืœื”, ื•ืœื ืคืขื ืฆืœืœื” ืœืชื”ื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืื•ืฉ, ืืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื ื’ื“ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืื™ื–ื” ืžื•ืคืช ืœื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืืœ ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ื›ื•ืœ.
    ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ืฉืคืชื—ื• ืืช ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ื”ืคืจื•ื–ื•ื“ื™ื” ื”ืžื“ื•ื“ื”, ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช ืื–, ื•ื”ืกื™ืจ ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืžึดื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื‘ื˜ื ื‘ืจื™ืชืžื•ืก ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ื•ื‘ืจื•ื— ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช, ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœื•. ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื–ื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืฉื™ืจ ืฉื™ืงืคื”, ืžืชื•ืš ืชื•ืื ืืกืชื˜ื™-ืกืžื ื˜ื™, ืืช ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืชื• ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื™ืช. ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืื•ืชื• ืœื”ืคืœื™ื’ ื‘ื—ื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื ื•ืขื–ื™ื, ื‘ืœื™ ืœืื‘ื“ ืืช ืื—ื™ื–ืชื• ื‘ืงืจืงืข, ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉืื™ืคืฉืจื” ืœื• ืœื—ืจื•ื’ ืžืžืกื’ืจื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ืฅ ื‘ืชืช-ื”ืžื•ื“ืข ืื• ื‘ืขืœ-ืžื•ื“ืข ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ืฉืœื• ื•ื”ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™, ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ื™ืคื™. ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืชื• ืžืฆืื” ืœื” ื‘ืจื’ืขื™ ื—ืกื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืืžืŸ ืื•ืชื ื’ื™ืœื•ืžื™ื ื“ื™ืืœืงื˜ื™ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉืงื™ืจื‘ื” ืืช ืฉื™ืจืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ื”ืžื•ืคืœืื” ืืœ ื”ืงื•ืจื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ื”ืงืฉื•ื‘, ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื”ืชื ืชืงื” ืžืžืงื•ืจื•ืชื™ื” ื”ืžื•ืคืชื™ื™ื.
    ืžื‘ื˜ ืžืงื™ืฃ ืขืœ ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื• ื™ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื“ื•ืงืก ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ: ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ื•ื, ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ ื›ืฉื•ืžืจ ืืžื•ื ื™ื ืœืขืจื›ื™ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ืฉืžืจื ื™ืช, ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ื ื—ืจืฅ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ; ื•ื”ื•ื, ืื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ, ืžืžื—ื“ืฉื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช. ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื“ืชื™, ืฉืงื "ืœื—ืœืฅ ืžืžืฆืจ" โ€“ ื›ืš ื›ื™ื ื” ืืช ืžืงื•ืจื™ื•ืชื• ื‘ืฉื™ืจ ืืจืก-ืคื•ืื˜ื™ โ€“ ื•ืื– ื”ืฉื™ื’ ื•ืงื™ื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช-ืืžื ื•ืชื™ืช ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื” ื›ื“ื™ "ืœืฉื›ื ืข" ื‘ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืœื™ืจื™; ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืขืžื“ื” ืฉื™ืจืชื• ื‘ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื•ื”ืฉืชื‘ื—ื” ื›ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘. ืขืœ ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ืฉื™ืจืชื• ื–ื›ื” ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืคืจืก ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืžื˜ืขื ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ-ืฆื‘ื™ (1956).
    ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ ื ืคื˜ืจ ื‘ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ื•' ื‘ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉื™"ื˜, 17 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 1958.

ื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆื‘ื™ ืœื•ื– ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืœืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื
[ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื: ืงืจืกืœ, ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”]

ืกืคืจื™ื•:

  • ืฉื™ืจื™ื / ื‘ื—ืจ ื•ื”ืงื“ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื - ืฆื‘ื™ ืœื•ื– (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืื’ื•ื“ืช ื”ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื™ื“ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืžืกื“ื”, ืชืฉืœ"ื’ 1973)
    <ื›ื•ืœืœ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื‘ื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ืช "ื—ื™ื™ ืื‘ื™" ืžืืช ื“ื•ื“ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ (ืขืž' 7ึพ11); ืžืืžืจ "ืžื‘ื•ื" ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจืช ื™"ืฆ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžืืช ืฆื‘ื™ ืœื•ื– (ืขืž' 12ึพ39); ื•ืจืฉื™ืžื” "ื”ืžื•ืคืœื" ืžืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืงืจื™ื‘ (ืขืž' 40ึพ45)>

ืขืจื™ื›ื”:

ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•:

ืกืคืจื™ื:
  • ืื™ื“ืจ, ื“ืจื•ืจ.  ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ ื”ืืœื”ื™ื : ืžื™ืชื•ืก, ืืชื•ืก ื•ืžื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืกืคืจื™ื ืข"ืฉ ื™"ืœ ืžืื’ื ืก, ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ืชืฉืก"ื˜ 2009)
    ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื:
    ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืจ:
    • ื—ื•ื‘ื‘, ื™ืžื™ืžื”. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช.  ื ืงื•ื“ื”, ื’ืœ' 323 (ืื‘ ืชืฉืก"ื˜, ื™ื•ืœื™ 2009), ืขืž' 62ึพ64.
ืžืืžืจื™ื:
  • ืื™ื“ืจ, ื“ืจื•ืจ. ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช (ื) - "ืœืžื” ืชืฉืงืข, ืขืœื”, ื›ืฉืžืฉ, ืขืœื” ืขื•ื“..." (ื‘): ืืœื•ื”! ื’ื“ืœื• ืžืขื™ื™ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื‘ื™ - ื•ืืžืืก ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืจื™-ืฉื™ืจื” <ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืžื• ื•ืžืขืžื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืืœ ื‘ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ>. ื”ืืจืฅ, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื•ืช, ื' ื‘ืกื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืก"ื“, 21 ื‘ืžืื™ 2004, ืขืž' ื” 2; ื—' ื‘ืกื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืก"ื“, 28 ื‘ืžืื™ 2004, ืขืž' ื” 2.
  • ืื™ื“ืจ, ื“ืจื•ืจ. 'ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืœืš ืฉืœ ืคืจื“ืกื™ื': ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืกืคืจื•ืชื™-ืงื‘ืœื™ ื‘ืคื•ืืžื•ืช 'ืื—ื“' ื•'ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ืžืชื”' ืœื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ. ืงื‘ืœื”: ื›ืชื‘ ืขืช ืœื—ืงืจ ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืžื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช, ื›ืจืš 11 (2004), ืขืž' 301ึพ368.
  • ืื™ื“ืจ, ื“ืจื•ืจ.  'ืฉื™ืจืช ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืฉื—ืงื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื•' - ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”.  JSIJ ื›ืชื‘-ืขืช ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ ืœืžื“ืขื™ ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช <ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ>, ื›ืจืš 4 (2005), ืขืž' 61ึพ107.
  • ืื™ื“ืจ, ื“ืจื•ืจ. 'ื•ื”ื ืœื ื”ื›ื™ืจื•ื”ื•': ืขืœ ืžื™ืชื•ืก ืื™ืฉื™ ื•ืžืฉื™ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ.  ืชืจื‘ื™ืฅ, ื›ืจืš ืข"ื”, ื—ื•ื‘' ื’-ื“ (ื ื™ืกืŸ-ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉืก"ื•, ืืคืจื™ืœ-ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2006), ืขืž' 539ึพ564.
  • ืื™ื“ืจ, ื“ืจื•ืจ. ื‘ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื ืคืฉื• : ื”ื’ื•ืช, ืคื•ืื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ืžื”ืคื›ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ.  ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืจื•ื—, ื’ืœ' ื›"ื (ืงื™ืฅ ืชืฉืก"ื• 2006), ืขืž' 98ึพ117.
  • ืื™ื“ืจ, ื“ืจื•ืจ.  'ื›ืžืฉื•ื’ืข ื‘ืžืงืœื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ื ื™' โ€” ื‘ืŸ ื”ืžืœืš ื”ืขื ื™: 'ืื ื•ื›ื™ ื‘ืŸ ืžืœืš' ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืžืคืชื— ืœื”ื‘ื ืช ืžืคืขืœื• ื”ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ.  ื“ืคื™ื ืœืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช, ื›ืจืš 16ึพ17 (ืชืฉืก"ื—-ืชืฉืก"ื˜), ืขืž' 181ึพ203.
  • ืื™ื“ืจ, ื“ืจื•ืจ.  ื ื“ืœืงื” ืขืœื™ ืžื ื•ืจืช ื-ืœื”ื™ื.  ืžืงื•ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืฉื‘ืช, ื•' ื‘ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉืก"ื˜, 2 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2009, ืขืž' 10ึพ11 <'ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืช ืฉื™ืจ' ืžืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื“ืžื•ืชื• ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ืช ืฉืœ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืกื•ื•ื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืฉื ื’ืœื• ืœื• ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืงืจื‘ื”, ื•ื›ื•ืจืš ืืช ืฉืžื• ืขื ื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื™ื— ื‘ืŸ-ื™ื•ืกืฃ>
  • ืื™ื“ืจ, ื“ืจื•ืจ.  ื™ืฉ ืื•ืจื” ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืฉื—ืงื™ื ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™.  ื”ืืจืฅ, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื•ืช, ื›"ื– ื‘ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉืก"ื˜, 23 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2009, ืขืž' 4.
  • ืืจื ืกื˜, ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ.  ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื”ืชื•ื’ื” : ื™. ืฆ. ืจืžื•ืŸ - ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืœืฉื™ืจืชื•.  ืžืฆื•ื“ื”, ืกืคืจ ื”-ื• (ืชืฉ"ื—, 1948), ืขืž' 424ึพ429.
  • ื‘ืœืื˜, ืื‘ืจื”ื.  ืฉื™ืจืช ื™"ืฆ ืจืžื•ืŸ.  ื‘ืกืคืจื•: ื‘ื ืชื™ื‘ ืกื•ืคืจื™ื (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ืžื ื•ืจื”, ืชืฉื›"ื– 1967), ืขืž' 29ึพ40.
  • ื‘ืœื‘ืŸ, ืื‘ืจื”ื.  ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ื.  ื”ืืจืฅ, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื•ืช, ื™"ื‘ ื‘ืื“ืจ ืชืฉืข"ื–, 10 ื‘ืžืืจืก 2017, ืขืž' 2.
  • ื‘ืจ-ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ื—ืžื•ื˜ืœ.  "ื”ืžื™ืช" (ื‘) ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ.  ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช, ืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ืืžื ื•ืช, ื—ื•ืจืฃ 1968 <ื›ื•ื ืก ื‘ืกืคืจื”: ื˜ืขืžื™ ื”ืงืจื™ืื” : ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ืช (ืžื‘ืฉืจืช-ืฆื™ื•ืŸ : ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื, 2006), ืขืž' 64ึพ66>
  • ื‘ืจ-ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ื—ืžื•ื˜ืœ. ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื• ื”ืกื’ื ื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ.  ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืจื•ื—, ื’ืœ' ื›"ื (ืงื™ืฅ ืชืฉืก"ื• 2006), ืขืž' 94ึพ97.
  • ื‘ืจื•ื™ื“ืก, ืื‘ืจื”ื.  ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื• : ืขืœ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจืžื•ืŸ, ื‘ืฉื ืช ื”ืขืฉื•ืจ ืœืคื˜ื™ืจืชื•.  ื‘ืฆืจื•ืŸ : ื™ืจื—ื•ืŸ ืœืžื“ืข, ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ืฉื ื” ืœ', ื›ืจืš ื ืดื˜, ื—ื•ื‘' ื’' (276) (ืฉื‘ื˜-ืื“ืจ ืชืฉื›ืดื˜, ื™ื ื•ืืจ-ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 1969), ืขืž' 124โ€“125.
  • ื‘ืจืฉ, ืืฉืจ.  ืฉื•ื–ืจ ืคืชื™ืœ ื”ืžืฉื™ ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจ.  ื”ืฆื•ืคื”, ื›' ื‘ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉ"ื˜, 17 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 1949, ืขืž' 6 <ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืกื™ื‘ืช ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืฉื™ื ืœืžืฉื•ืจืจ>
  • ื‘ืจืฉ, ืืฉืจ.  ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ืžื•ืคืœื : ืœื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจืžื•ืŸ.  ื“ื‘ืจ, ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ื’ืœ' 25 (ื’' ื‘ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉ"ื˜, 30 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 1949), ืขืž' 9 <ื›ื•ื ืก ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™ ืืฉืจ ื‘ืจืฉ, ื›ืจืš ื’' (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžืกื“ื”, ืชืฉื™"ื–), ืขืž' 49ึพ50>
  • ื’ื•ืจืคื™ื™ืŸ, ืจื‘ืงื”. [ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจื• "ืื’ื•ื– ื ื–ืจื™"]. ื‘ืกืคืจื”: ืขื ืฉื™ืจ (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขืงื“, 1967), ืขืž' 90ึพ95.
  • ื–ืš, ื ืชืŸ.  ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ.  ื”ืืจืฅ, ื˜"ื• ื‘ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉื›"ื–, 23 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 1967  <ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ "ืžืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ืกื•ื“" ื•"ื”ืฆืœื™ืœ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘"> <ื—ื–ืจ ื•ื ื“ืคืก ื‘ืกืคืจื• ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืœื™ื : ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ื•ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช 1954ึพ1973 (ื‘ื ื™-ื‘ืจืง : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, ืชืฉืข"ื 2011), ืขืž' 270ึพ272>
  • ืœื•ื–, ืฆื‘ื™. ื‘ืขืจื• ืฉืขืจื™ ืืžื ื•ืช : ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘"ื›ืชืจื™ื" ืœื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ. ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื•ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช, ื’ืœ' 2ึพ3 (ืชืฉืœ"ื’), ืขืž' 72ึพ79.
  • ืœื•ื–, ืฆื‘ื™.  ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืจืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ.  ื‘ืชื•ืš:  ืฉื™ืจื” ื•ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ืŸ  : ืขื™ื•ื ื™ื ืœื™ื•ื‘ืœื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ืฉ' ืฉืœื•ื / ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื - ื™' ืืœืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ื—' ืฉื•ื”ื (ืจืžืช-ื’ืŸ : ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืจ-ืื™ืœืŸ, ืชืฉืž"ื• 1985), ืขืž' 67ึพ72.
  • ืœื•ื–, ืฆื‘ื™. ืžืกื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช : ืฉืชื™ ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ื ืคืœืื•ืช. ืฉื‘ื•, ื’ืœ' 12 (2004), ืขืž' 72ึพ78 <ืขืœ ื”ืืœ ื‘ืฉื™ืจืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ ื•ืขื•ื–ืจ ืจื‘ื™ืŸ>
  • ืœื•ื–, ืฆื‘ื™.  ื”ื™ื‘ืจื™ืก ื ื•ืขื– ื‘ืฉื™ืจืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ.  ื‘ืกืคืจื•: ืžื—ืชืจืช ื”ืฉื™ืจ : ืžื’ืžื•ืช "ืื—ืจื•ืช" ื‘ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, ืชืฉืก"ื• 2006), ืขืž' 146ึพ153.
  • ืœื•ื–, ืฆื‘ื™. ืขืœ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ.  ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืจื•ื—, ื’ืœ' ื›"ื (ืงื™ืฅ ืชืฉืก"ื• 2006), ืขืž' 88ึพ93.
  • ืงื•ืจื, ืฉ.  ื‘ืฆืœื• ืฉืœ ืขืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื.  ื”ืฆื•ืคื”, ื›' ื‘ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉ"ื˜, 17 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 1949, ืขืž' 6.
  • ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ, ืฉืžื•ืืœ. ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™.  ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืจื•ื—, ื’ืœ' ื›"ื (ืงื™ืฅ ืชืฉืก"ื• 2006), ืขืž' 77.
  • ืจื–, ืฉืื•ืœ.  ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื”ืชื—ื™ื” ื”ื“ืชื™ืช.  ื”ืฆื•ืคื”, ื›' ื‘ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉ"ื˜, 17 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 1949, ืขืž' 6.
  • ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ, ื“ื•ื“ [ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืŸ-ื™ื•ืฆืจ].  ืฉื™ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืชืคื™ืœื” : 50 ืฉื ื” ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื™.ืฆ. ืจืžื•ืŸ.  ื“ื‘ืจ, ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ื’ืœ' 22 (ื›"ื ื‘ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉื˜"ื–, 31 ื‘ืžืื™ 1956), ืขืž'  18.
  • ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ, ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ (ื”ื ื›ื“). "ืื ื™ ืฉืจ ื›ืžื• ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืขืจ" : ืœื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืกื‘ื™ ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ.  ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืจื•ื—, ื’ืœ' ื›"ื (ืงื™ืฅ ืชืฉืก"ื• 2006), ืขืž' 78ึพ84.
  • ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ, ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ (ื”ื ื›ื“).  ืžืชื ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืœืœื ื—ืจื•ื–.  ืžืงื•ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืฉื‘ืช, ื•' ื‘ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉืก"ื˜, 2 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2009, ืขืž' 11.
  • Silberschlag, Eisig. The Neo-liturgical poets: Isaac Lamdan, Judah Karni, Joseph Zevi Rimmon, Jacob Rimmon. In his From renaissance to renaissance : Hebrew literature from 1492-1970 (New York : Ktav Publishing House, 1973-1977), vol. 2, pp. 47-55.
ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื:


ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”: 8 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2020

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