ื’ื“ื™ ื˜ืื•ื‘ (1965)

 <ื‘ื”ื›ื ื”>

Gadi Taub

ื’ื“ื™ ื˜ืื•ื‘, ืฆื™ืœื•ื: ื ืชืŸ ื“ื‘ื™ืจ    ื’ื“ื™ ื˜ืื•ื‘ ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืดื– ื‘ื ื™ืกืŸ ืชืฉื›ืดื”, 19 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 1965 ืœืื‘ื™ื• ื™ืฆื—ืง, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื ื›ืดืœ ืžื•ืกื“ ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง, ื•ืœืืžื• ืžืจื™ืช, ืžื•ืจื” ืœืกืคืจื•ืช.  ืœืžื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ืืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื• ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ ืขืฉื” ื‘ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ. ื‘ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืชื• ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืจื“ื™ื• ื‘'ืงื•ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ' ื•ื‘ื’ืœื™ ืฆื”ืดืœ.  ื‘ื•ื’ืจ ื•ืžื•ืกืžืš ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื•ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœ ืชื•ืืจ ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืžืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืจื•ื˜ื’ืจืก ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช-ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.  ืžืœืžื“ ื‘ื—ื•ื’ ืœืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช  ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืจืš ืฉื•ืชืฃ (ืขื ื ืกื™ื ืงืœื“ืจื•ืŸ) ืฉืœ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ืžืงืจื•ื‘.
    ื‘-1990 ืคื™ืจืกื ืืช ืกืคืจ ื”ื ืขื•ืจื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ืžื’ืœื” (ื›ืชืจ), ื•ื‘-1992 ื™ืฆื ื”ืžืฉื›ื•, ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ืžื’ืœื” ืœื™ืขืœ. ืžืื– ืคื™ืจืกื ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืกืคืจื™ ื ืขื•ืจื™ื ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
    ืกืคืจ ื”ืคืจื•ื–ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื• ืœืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ืจื” ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื•ื›ื—ื™ื ืืช ื“ื•ื‘ (ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, 1992). ื‘ืกืคืจ ืื—ื“-ืขืฉืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ืกื˜ื™, ืžืชืžืงื“ื™ื ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื ื”ื˜ืจื™ื•ื•ื™ืืœื™ื™ื, ืžืชืขื“ื™ื ืžื—ื•ื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ื•ืช ื–ืขื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉืคื” ืจื–ื”, ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื•ืชืช-ืชืงื ื™ืช, ื”ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ื™ื ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืคืจ. ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ื—ืœืงื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ื—ืœืงื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ื”ืชื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจืช ืื• ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืกื“ืช. ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘, ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ืช ื›ื ื•ืฃ ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ ืืคื•ืจ ื•ื‘ืœื•ื™. ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ืดืชืœื•ืฉื™ืืด, ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืื‘ื•ื“ื™ื, ื”ื ืคืœื˜ื™ื ืื• ื ืžืœื˜ื™ื ืžื”ืฆื‘ื (ืœืขืชื™ื ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืคืกื™ื›ื™ืื˜ืจื™ ืžื•ืงื“ื) ื•ื ื–ืจืงื™ื ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืžืงืฉืจื™ื ืžื–ื“ืžื ื™ื ื•ืืจืขื™ื™ื. ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื ืกื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฆื™ืจ ื”ืืจื•ื˜ื™, ื”ื ื’ื•ืข ืชื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืฉื”ื™ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืกื˜ื™ื™ื” ืžื”ื ื•ืจืžื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช. ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžืขืœื™ื ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ืื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื. ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืžืชื•ืืจืช ื”ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ื•ืช ื ืคืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’, ืœืขืชื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ืืœื™ืžื•ืช (ืดื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจืด) ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ื”ื™ื ื ืคืจืฉืช ืœืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืงื•ืจื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฆื’ื” ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื–ืืจื™ืช, ืžืขื™ืงื” ื•ื ื˜ื•ืœืช ื”ืกื‘ืจ (ืดืขืฆื™ืจื•ืชืด). ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื”ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ื”ืœืกื‘ื™ืช ื›ืžื•ืฉื›ืช ื•ืžืจืชื™ืขื” ื›ืื—ื“. ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ื”ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™, ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื• ื”ื ื›ืขื™ืŸ ืžืจื“ ื ื’ื“ ื”ืขื•ืฉืจ ื”ืœืฉื•ื ื™ ื•ื”ื“ื—ื™ืกื•ืช ื”ืกื™ืžื‘ื•ืœื™ืช ืฉืืคื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืงื“ื ืœื•. ื”ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื ื–ื™ืจื™ืช ื”ื ืžื ืขืช ืžืคื™ื’ื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ืฉืคืช ืืช ืฆื“ื ื”ืืคื•ืจ, ื”ืžื—ื•ืกืคืก ื•ื”ื‘ืœืชื™-ื ืฉื’ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
    ื‘-2008 ืคื™ืจืกื ืืช ื”ืจื•ืžืŸ ืืœื ื‘ื™. ืขืœื™ืœืช ื”ืจื•ืžืŸ ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ื›ื•ืœื” ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™, ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื•ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืฉืœ ื”-demi-monde ื”ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืืœืคื™ื™ื. ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ืžื•ืขื“ื•ื ื™ ืจื™ืงื•ื“ื™ื ื•ื—ืฉืคื ื•ืช ืืคืœื•ืœื™ื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืคื•ืงื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื, ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื•ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื•ืจื’ื ื™ ื”ืžื”ื•ื’ืŸ ื ืคื’ืฉื™ื. ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืฉื•ืง ื›ืœื›ืœื™-ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืฉื”ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืกื•ืคืงื•ืช ื•ื ืฆืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื• ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืฉื›ืจื™ื ื•ืžื™ืŸ ืœื-ื ื•ืจืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™, ืฉืชื™ ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืกืคืงื•ืช ืžืคืœื˜ ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืžื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื. ืืœื ื‘ื™ ื”ื•ื ื“ืจืžื” ื ื˜ื•ืจืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ืขื–ื” ื‘ืขืœืช ื ื•ืคืš ื˜ืจื’ื™, ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจื–ื”, ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ืช, ื”ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ื‘ืคื•ืœืกื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ื•ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื, ื‘ื”ืœืžื•ืช ืกื˜ืงื˜ื• ื ื˜ื•ืœืช ื›ืœ ืจื™ืคื•ื“ื™ื ืœืฉื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ื—ืœื—ื•ืœ ื›ื‘ื“ ืฉืœ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ (ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืœืงืกื™ืงืœื™ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืชื—ื‘ื™ืจื™ืช) ืœืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืกื™ืคืจ. ื”ืกืคืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœืกื“ืจืช ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื”. ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ืจื•ืžืŸ โ€“ ืืจื™ืง, ืขื™ื“ื• ื•ืขืจืŸ (ืฉื ื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ ืจื™ืงื•ื“ื™ื, ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื—ื‘ืจื ื•ืœืงื•ื— ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ), ื”ื ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืš ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื›ืœืกื• ืืช ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื‘ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืชื‘ื’ืจื• ื•ืชืคืฉื• ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื, ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžืฆื™ืืช ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืคืจื ืกื” ื•ื–ื”ื•ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื“ืจืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืชื ื–ื•ื’ื™ ื•ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ื™ืฆื™ื‘. ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืืœื ื‘ื™ ื—ืœื” ื”ืขืฆืžื” ืจื‘ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ื›ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื•ื˜ื™ ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ื“ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื ื”ื˜ืจื’ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื˜ืžื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื—ื™ืœ ืขืœ ืดืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ืืด ื”ืืคืœื•ืœื™ ืฉืืœื™ื• ื”ื ื ืฉืื‘ื™ื ืขืจื›ื™ื ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื™ื ืžื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื”ื•ื’ืŸ, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื• ื–ื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื–ื”, ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื”ืคืจืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ื‘ืœืชื™-ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื•.
    ืคื™ืจืกื ื›ืžื” ืกืคืจื™ ืขื™ื•ืŸ. ื‘-1997 ื™ืฆื ืœืื•ืจ ืกืคืจื• ื”ืžืจื“ ื”ืฉืคื•ืฃ ืฉืขื•ืจืจ ื”ื“ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื. ื”ืกืคืจ, ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืžืจื ื™ืช, ื”ื•ื ืื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ืžืกื•ืช ื”ืžืจื•ื›ื–ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืฉืขืจื™ื: ื”ืฉืขืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืกื˜-ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื”ื ืชืคืฉืช ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื˜ืื•ื‘ ื›ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืกื•ืจืกืช ื•ืžืขื•ืงืจืช, ื ืขื“ืจืช ืกื“ืจ ื™ื•ื ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ื•ื—ื‘ืจืชื™. ื”ืฉืขืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื•ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืชื™ืช (ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ ื˜ืื•ื‘ ืดื”ืคื™-ืกื™ืด, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืœื™ ืงื•ืจืงื˜ โ€“ ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช) ื•ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืคืžื™ื ื™ื–ื, ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”. ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืชื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช ืžื•ืืจืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื• ื‘ืื•ืจ ืฉืœื™ืœื™ ื—ื“-ืžืฉืžืขื™, ื›ืžื™ ืฉืžืฆื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื” ืจืœื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื–ื ืžื•ืกืจื™ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ืœื™ื–ื.
    ื‘-2007 ืคื™ืจืกื ืืช ื”ืžืชื ื—ืœื™ื, ืžืกื” ื”ืžืฆื™ืขื” ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ื— ืฉืœ ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ื”ืชื ื—ืœื•ืช. ื‘-2011 ืคื™ืจืกื ืืช ื ื’ื“ ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช: ืจืฉืžื™ื, ืืกื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืžืกื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืœื–ื• ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืจื•ืคืฃ ื•ืขื•ืกืงื•ืช ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืขื ื”ื–ื•ืœืช, ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืข ื•ืœื”ื™ื”ืจืก ื•ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืžื ื• ืื• ืœืขืงื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื”ื›ืื‘ ืฉื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื•.
    ื‘ืกืคืจื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืขื“ ื›ื”, ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื—ื™ื (2020) , ืขื•ืกืง ื˜ืื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืื‘ืงืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช.
    ืขืœ ืกืคืจ ื”ื ืขื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื• ื”ืžื›ืฉืคื” ืžืจื—ื•ื‘ ืžืœืฆ'ื˜ 3 (2000), ืฉื”ื•ืžื—ื– ื•ืฉื•ื“ืจ ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื”, ื–ื›ื” ื˜ืื•ื‘ ื‘ืคืจืก ื–ืื‘ ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื ื•ืขืจ (2001). ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื˜ืื•ื‘ ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืชื™ ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืœื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” (ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ื”ืฉืจืืช ืกืคืจื• ืืœื ื‘ื™ ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืคืจืฉืช ื’ื•ืืœ ืจืฆื•ืŸ). ื˜ืื•ื‘ ื’ื ืžืคืจืกื ื›ืชื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžืืžืจื™ ื“ืขื” ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœืืชื’ืจ ืืช ืขืžื“ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžืืœ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื“ื™ ื ื‘ื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืœืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื
[ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื: ื’ืจื ื•ืชยน, ื’ืจื ื•ืชยฒ,  ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”]
[ืฆื™ืœื•ื: ื ืชืŸ ื“ื‘ื™ืจ]

ืกืคืจื™ื•:

  • ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ืžื’ืœื” (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื›ืชืจ, 1990) <ืื™ื•ืจื™ื - ื›ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื” ืงื“ืžื•ืŸ>
  • ื”ืจืžืŸ (ื’ื‘ืขืชื™ื : ืžืกื“ื”, 1991) <ืื™ื•ืจื™ื - ื”ื ื” ืื“ืœืŸ>
  • ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ืžื’ืœื” ืœื™ืขืœ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื›ืชืจ, 1992) <ืื™ื•ืจื™ื - ื›ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื” ืงื“ืžื•ืŸ>
  • ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ืจื” ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื•ื›ื—ื™ื ืืช ื“ื•ื‘ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ : ืกืคืจื™ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืจื™ืื”, ืชืฉื ืดื’ 1992)
  • ื”ืžืจื“ ื”ืฉืคื•ืฃ : ืขืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฆืขื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, 1997)
  • ื”ืžื›ืฉืคื” ืžืจื—ื•ื‘ ืžืœืฆ'ื˜ 3 (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื›ืชืจ, 2000)
  • ื”ื’'ื™ืจืฃ ืฉืื”ื‘ ืœืจื—ื ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื›ืชืจ, 2003) <ืื™ื•ืจื™ื - ื›ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื” ืงื“ืžื•ืŸ>
  • ื”ืื™ืœ ืฉืื”ื‘ ื ืงื™ื•ืŸ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื›ืชืจ, 2005) <ืื™ื•ืจื™ื - ื›ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื” ืงื“ืžื•ืŸ>
  • ื”ืžืชื ื—ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืžืื‘ืง ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช : ืกืคืจื™ ื—ืžื“, 2007) <ืชื•ืจื’ื ืœืื ื’ืœื™ืช>
  • The settlers and the struggle over the meaning of Zionism (New Haven : Yale University Press, 2010)
  • ื”ืืจื™ื” ืฉื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ืคื—ื“ืŸ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช : ืกืคืจื™ ื—ืžื“, 2007)<ืื™ื•ืจื™ื - ื›ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื” ืงื“ืžื•ืŸ>
  • ืืœื ื‘ื™ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช : ืกืคืจื™ ื—ืžื“, 2009)
  • ื ื’ื“ ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช : ืจืฉืžื™ื (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช : ืกืคืจื™ ื—ืžื“, 2011)
  • ื ื’ื“ ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช : ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช : ืกืคืจื™ ื—ืžื“, 2016)
  • ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื—ื™ื : ืžืื‘ืงืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืกืœืข ืžืื™ืจ, ืชืฉืคืดื 2020) <ืขืจื™ื›ื” โ€“ ื“ื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ>

ืชืจื’ื•ื ื•ืขืจื™ื›ื”:

  • ื”ื’ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื ื•ื˜ืจื“ืื / ืกืจื˜ื™ ื•ื•ืœื˜ ื“ื™ืกื ื™ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, 1996) <ืขืœ-ืคื™ ืกืคืจื• ืฉืœ ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื’ื•>
  • 101 ื“ืœืžื˜ื™ื / ืกืจื˜ื™ ื•ื•ืœื˜ ื“ื™ืกื ื™ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, 1997)
  • ื”ื ืื•ืจื•ืช (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืžื•ืกื“ ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง, ืชืฉืขืดื– 2016)

ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•:

  • ื”ื•ืœื ื“ืจ, ืคื™ืœื™ืค. ืจื™ืืœื™ื–ื ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ืกื˜ื™ ื•ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื• ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืฉืœ ื’ื“ื™ ื˜ืื•ื‘.  ื”ื“ื•ืจ: ื”ืฉื ืชื•ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืืžืจื™ืงื”, ืชืฉืขืดื’ 2012, ืขืž'  131ึพ140.
  • Peleg, Yaron. Gadi Taub. in his: Israeli culture between the two Intifadas : a brief romance (Austin : University of Texas Press, 2008), pp. 93-104 (and see index)
ืขืœ ืดื”ืจืžืŸืด
  • ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื™-ื’ืจื™ืŸ, ืื‘ืจื”ื.  ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืช.  ื‘ืกืคืจื•: ื‘ื—ื‘ืœื™ ืฉืœื•ื : ืžืกื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื•ื”ืฉืœื (ืื‘ืŸ-ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” : ืจื›ืก, 1994), ืขืž' 165ึพ166.
ืขืœ ืดื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ืžื’ืœื” ืœื™ืขืœืด
  • ืฉืคื™ืช, ืื™ืœืŸ.  ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ืจื™ื— ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ืฉืœื”.  ื”ืืจืฅ, ืžื•ืกืฃ ืกืคืจื™ื, ื’ืœ' 2 (ื™ืดื– ื‘ืื“ืจ ืชืฉื ืดื’, 10 ื‘ืžืืจืก 1993), ืขืž' 12.
ืขืœ ืดืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ืจื” ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื•ื›ื—ื™ื ืืช ื“ื‘ืด
  • ื‘ืจืชื ื, ืื•ืจืฆื™ื•ืŸ. ื”ืžืื” ื ืกื’ืจื” ื‘ืžื” ืฉื ืคืชื—ื”. ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืจ, ื–' ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉื ืดื’, 29 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1993, ืขืž' 18ึพ19.
  • ื’ื•ื˜ืงื™ื ื“, ื ืขืžื™. ื”ืฉื™ื ืงื™ื ืื™ื ื•ืฉื•ืช' ื›ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืกืคืจื•ืช. ื”ืฆื•ืคื”, ื›ืดื— ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉื ืดื’, 19 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 1993, ืขืž' 6, 8.
  • ื’ื•ืจ, ื‘ืชื™ื”. ืื ื”ื™ื ื• ืฉื•ื›ื—ื™ื ืืช ื“ื‘. ื”ืืจืฅ, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื•ืช, ื˜ืดื• ื‘ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉื ืดื’, 8 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1993, ืขืž' ื‘ 9.
  • ื’ื•ืจื‘ื™ืฅ, ื“ื•ื“. ื”ืžืœื™ื ื•ื”ืจื’ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื—ื ืง. ื“ื‘ืจ, ื›ืดื• ื‘ืื“ืจ ืชืฉื ืดื’, 19 ื‘ืžืืจืก 1993, ืขืž' 24.
  • ื—ืคืฅ, ืคื‘ื™ืื ื”. ื‘ืฆื™ืคื™ื” ืœื—ื˜ื™ืฃ ื”ืงื™ื•ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื. ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš, ื—' ื‘ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉื ืดื’, 1 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1993, ืขืž' 31.
  • ื›ืฅ, ืื‘ื™. ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ, ืจืง ืฉื–ื” ื ืจืื” ืื—ืจืช. ื”ืืจืฅ, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื•ืช, ื–' ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉื ืดื’, 29 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1993, ืขืž' ื‘ 8.
  • ืžื™ืจื•ืŸ, ื“ืŸ. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืœื›ืื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืžืง: ืขืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื’ื“ื™ ื˜ืื•ื‘. ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช, ืกืคืจื•ืช, ืืžื ื•ืช, ื™ืดื“ ื‘ื ื™ืกืŸ ืชืฉื ืดื’, 5 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 1993, ืขืž' 62ึพ63.
  • ืจื–, ื˜ื•ื‘ื”. ืจื™ืืœื™ื–ื ืฉืœ ืžืจืื™ืช ื”ืขื™ืŸ. ืžืื–ื ื™ื, ื›ืจืš ืกืดื–, ื’ืœ' 4ึพ5 (1993), ืขืž' 67ึพ68.
  • ืจื™ืงื™ืŸ, ืื™ืจื™. ืžืฆื•ืงื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช. ืžืขืจื™ื‘, ืกืคืจื•ืช ืืžื ื•ืช, ื›ืดื˜ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉื ืดื’, 22 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1993, ืขืž' 31.
  • ืฉืงืœื•ื‘ืกืงื™, ืจื—ืœ. ืžื™ื•ืžืŸ ื•ืฆืจ. ื“ื‘ืจ, ื›ืดื• ื‘ืื“ืจ ืชืฉื ืดื’, 19 ื‘ืžืืจืก 1993, ืขืž' 24 <ื—ื–ืจ ื•ื ื“ืคืก ื‘ืกืคืจื”: ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื : 35 ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกืคืจื™ื (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื™ืจื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืœืŸ, 1996), ืขืž' 153ึพ154>
ืขืœ ืดื”ืžืจื“ ื”ืฉืคื•ืฃืด
  • ื‘ืจื•ื ื•ื‘ืกืงื™, ื™ื•ืจื [ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืจืฉืช]. ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœ ืกืคืจื™ื. ื”ืืจืฅ, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื•ืช, ื™ืดื ื‘ื ื™ืกืŸ ืชืฉื ืดื–, 18 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 1997, ืขืž' ื“ 2.
  • ืœื•ื™ืชืŸ, ืขืžื•ืก. ื˜ืื•ื‘ ื ื•ื˜ืœ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช. ืขืชื•ืŸ 77, ื’ืœ' 208 (1997), ืขืž' 30ึพ31 <ื—ื–ืจ ื•ื ื“ืคืก ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืžืฆื“ ื–ื” : ืžืืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ื—ื‘ืจื” (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืกืคืจื™ ืขืชื•ืŸ 77, ืชืฉืกืดื” 2005), ืขืž' 84ึพ87>
  • ืžืœืฆืจ, ื™ื•ืจื. ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืกืคื•ื’ื” ื‘ืขืฆื‘ ื•ืคื—ื“. ืžืขืจื™ื‘, ืžื•ืกืฃ ืฉื‘ืช - ืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื™ื, ื‘' ื‘ืื™ื™ืจ ืชืฉื ืดื–, 9 ื‘ืžืื™ 1997, ืขืž' 31.
  • ืฉื•ืœืžืŸ, ืชืžื™. ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฆืขื™ืจื” ื‘ืืจืฅ โ€“ ืœืืŸ?  ื”ื“ืืจ. ืฉื ื” 77, ื’ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘' (ื›ืดื— ืชืฉื•ืŸ ืชืฉื ืดื—, 28 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 1997), ืขืž' 22.
  • ืชื•ืจืŸ, ื“ืŸ. ืื ื—ื ื• ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืชืขืงืฉื™ื ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื™ืœื“ื™ื. ืžืขืจื™ื‘, ืกื•ืคืฉื‘ื•ืข, ื›ืดื• ื‘ืื“ืจ ื‘' ืชืฉื ืดื–, 4 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 1997, ืขืž' 84ึพ86 <ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืขื ื’ื“ื™ ื˜ืื•ื‘ ื‘ืฆืืช ืกืคืจื• ืดื”ืžืจื“ ื”ืฉืคื•ืฃ: ืขืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฆืขื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœืด>
  • ืชืžื™ืจ, ื™ืขืœ. ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืคืฉืขื™ ื”ื ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”. ื”ืืจืฅ, ืžื•ืกืฃ ืกืคืจื™ื, ื’ืœ' 255 (ื˜ืดื– ื‘ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉื ืดื—, 14 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1998), ืขืž' 4, 14.
ืขืœ ืดื”ืื™ืœ ืฉืื”ื‘ ื ืงื™ื•ืŸืด
  • ื‘ืŸ, ืžื ื—ื. ื”ืื™ื™ืœ ืฉืœืงื” ื‘ื˜ื•ืจื“ื ื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ืชื™ืช.  ืžืขืจื™ื‘, ืžื•ืกืฃ ืฉื‘ืช - ืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื™ื, ื›ืดื‘ ื‘ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืกืดื”, 29 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2005, ืขืž' 29.
ืขืœ ืดื”ืžืชื ื—ืœื™ืืด
ืขืœ ืดื”ืืจื™ื” ืฉื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ืคื—ื“ืŸืด
  • ื‘ืŸ, ืžื ื—ื.  ืืจื™ื” ื•ื’ื“ื™.  ืžืขืจื™ื‘, ืžื•ืกืฃ ืฉื‘ืช - ืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื™ื, ื˜ืดื– ื‘ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืกืดื—, 28 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2007, ืขืž' 29.
ืขืœ ืดืืœื ื‘ื™ืด ืขืœ ืดื ื’ื“ ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช : ืจืฉืžื™ืืด
  • ื“ืฅ, ืื™ื™ืœ.  ืดืืชื ื—ื‘ื•ืจืช ืขื™ื•ื•ืจื™ื, ืกื•ืžื™ื ื•ืกืชื•ืžื™ืืด.   Time Out ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘, ื’ืœ' 440 (7 ืขื“ 14 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2011), ืขืž' 53ึพ56 <ืฉื™ื—ื” ืขื ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืขื ืฆืืช ืกืคืจื•>
  • ื”ื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ืฅ, ืืจื™ืืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื. ื‘ืงื˜ื ื”: ื ื’ื“ ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช - ืจืฉืžื™ื.  ืžื•ืฆืดืฉ (ืžืงื•ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ), ื’ืœ' 15 (ื›' ื‘ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืขืดื, 22 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2011), ืขืž' 52.
  • ืžืจื™ืŸ, ืชืžืจ.  ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืฆืžื•ื“.  ื”ืืจืฅ, ืžื•ืกืฃ ืกืคืจื™ื, ื’ืœ' 960 (ื™ืดื— ื‘ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืขืดื, 20 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2011), ืขืž' 9.
  • ืคื™ืจืจ, ืื”ื•ื“.  ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช.  ืืจืฅ ืื—ืจืช, ื’ืœ' 62 (ืื‘-ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉืขืดื, ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜-ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2011), ืขืž' 88ึพ90.
ืขืœ ืดื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื—ื™ืืด
  • ื”ื›ื˜, ืจื•ื™ืช.  ืžื” ืžืขื™ืง ืขืœ ื’ื“ื™ ื˜ืื•ื‘. ื”ืืจืฅ, ื’ืœืจื™ื” ืฉื™ืฉื™, ืœ' ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉืคืดื, 12 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2021, ืขืž' 14โ€“23 <ืฉื™ื—ื” ืขื ื’ื“ื™ ื˜ืื•ื‘ ืขื ืฆืืช ืกืคืจื• ืœืื•ืจ>
ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื:

Wikidata โ€“ Q557171 J9U โ€“ 987007298728705171 NLI โ€“ 000282257 LC โ€“ no93009032 VIAF โ€“ 84239552 โ€ข 910145857950823021271
ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”: 6 ื‘ืžืืจืก 2021

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