ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฉืœื• (1919โ€“1992)

 <ื‘ื”ื›ื ื”>

Yitzhak Shalev

    ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฉืœื• ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ื›ืดื˜ ื‘ืื‘ ืชืจืขืดื˜, 25 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1919* ื‘ื˜ื‘ืจื™ื” ืœืื‘ื™ื• ื”ืจื•ืงื—.  ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขื‘ืจ ืขื ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ืœืžื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืดืชื—ื›ืžื•ื ื™ืด ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื‘ื’ื™ืžื ืกื™ื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื‘ื•ื’ืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืœืžื•ืจื™ื ืดื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ืจืืด. ืขืกืง ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื”. ืœื™ืžื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืฉืœื™ื“ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืœืžื•ืจื™ื. ื”ื—ืœ ืœืคืจืกื ืืช ืฉื™ืจื™ื• ื‘ืžืื–ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ. ืกืคืจ ืฉื™ืจื™ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืื•ื—ื–ืช ืขื ืฃ ืฉืงื“, ืจืื” ืื•ืจ ื‘-1951 ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืื’ื•ื“ืช ื”ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ืœื™ื“ ื“ื‘ื™ืจ. ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืคื™ืจืกื ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืกืคืจื™ ืฉื™ืจื”: ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉ ื—ืžื™ื (1953); ืงื•ืœ ืขื ื•ืช (1955); ืืœื•ื”ื™ื™ ื”ื ื•ืฉืง ืœื•ื—ืžื™ื (1957). ืกืคืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ื‘ื ืฉืœื•, ืฉื™ืจื™ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืคื•ืจืกื ืœืื—ืจ ืขืฉื•ืจ (1968). ืื—ืจื™ื• ืจืื• ืื•ืจ ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ื ืขืจ ืฉื‘ ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื‘ื (1970); ืฉืžืœืช ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ (1972); ืฉื›ืจื•ืŸ ื–ื”ื‘ (1975); ืžืขืฉืŸ ืžืงื˜ืจืช ืจืขื™ (1976); ืœืชื•ืจ ืื—ืจื™ ืื™ืฉื” (1987). ืฉืœื• ืคื™ืจืกื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืจื•ืžื ื™ื: ืคืจืฉืช ื’ื‘ืจื™ืืœ ืชื™ืจื•ืฉ (1964); ื“ื ื•ืจื•ื— (1970); ืชื—ืช ื”ืชื•ืช (1971). ืคื™ืจืกื ื’ื ืกืคืจื™ ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืคื ืื™: ืžืงืจืื™ ื—ื’ ืœืกืขื•ื“ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช (ืขื ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ืŸ-ืฉื•ืฉืŸ, 1955); 500 ืฉืืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื ืดืš ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ืฆื“ืŸ (1958); ืžื‘ื–ืงื™ื โ€“ ืฆืจื•ืจ ืคืชื’ืžื™ื ื•ืืžืจื•ืช (1992). ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืคื™ืจืกื ื’ื ืกืคืจ ื™ืœื“ื™ื: ื™ืœื“ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื (ืื™ื•ืจื™ื ื’. ื›ืจืžื™, 1974).
    ืฉืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ืื”ื‘ืชื• ืœืชื ืดืš, ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ืคืขืœ ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ื—ื“ืจืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื”ืจื’ืœื™ ื›ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื”ืชื ืดืš ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื‘ืคืจื˜. ื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื”ืชื ืดืš ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ (1958) ื•ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ืื—ืจื™ ืขืžื•ืก ื—ื›ื.
    ืฉื™ืจืชื• ื—ื•ืชืจืช ืืœ ื”ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช, ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืคืจื•ื–ื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื. ืžืกืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจืชื• ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืžืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ืžื™ื”ื” ืขื–ื” ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื• ื›ืื™ืฉื” ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื–ืจ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœืคื ื™ ืžืœื—ืžืช ืฉืฉืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื. ื‘ืฉื™ืจืชื• ืžื•ื‘ืขืช ืื”ื‘ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืืœ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืชื™ื” ื•ื ื•ืคื”. ืœืฆื“ ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื• ื’ื ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืœื™ืจื™ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ื’ื ืฉื™ืจื™ ืื”ื‘ื” ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืชืจื™ื ืืœ ื”ื ืฉื’ื‘ ื•ื”ื ืขืœื”.
    ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจืช ืฉืœ ืฉืœื• ืจื•ื•ื™ื” ื‘ืžืกืจื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืขื–ื™ื ื•ื‘ื›ืžื™ื”ื” ืืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืฉืžืกื•ื’ืœ ื‘ื›ืจื™ื–ืžื” ืฉืœื• ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื—ืจื™ื• ืงื”ืœ ืฉืœ ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื•ืœื•ื—ืžื™ื. ื”ืจื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœื• ืคืจืฉืช ื’ื‘ืจื™ืืœ ืชื™ืจื•ืฉ (1964), ื”ืจื•ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืกืจื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื”, ื”ื™ื•ื•ื” ื ื•ืฉื ืœื•ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืœืดืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืืด ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ื•ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื. ืืฉืชื•, ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจืช ื‘ืชื™ื” ื‘ืŸ-ื‘ืจืง (1927โ€“1991. ื ื•ืœื“ื” ื‘ื ื”ืœืœ), ืคื™ืจืกืžื” ืฉื™ืจื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉื˜ืจื ื›ื•ื ืกื• ื‘ืกืคืจ. ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื ืื‘ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ืคืจ ืžืื™ืจ ืฉืœื• ื•ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืงืจ ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœื•, ืจืืฉ ื”ื—ื•ื’ ืœื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื—ื™ืคื”.
    ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฉืœื• ื ืคื˜ืจ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืดื‘ ื‘ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉื ืดื‘, 13 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 1992 ื•ื ื˜ืžืŸ ื‘ื”ืจ ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื•ืช.
* [ื›ืš ืขืœ-ืคื™ ืžื›ืชื‘ ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฉืœื• ืœื’. ืงืจืกืœ; ืขืœ-ืคื™ ืืณ ืื•ืคืง ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ื”ืณ ื‘ืชืžื•ื– ืชืจืขืดื—, 25 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 1918; ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ืชื• ื ื—ืงืง 1918โ€“1992]

 
ืœื›ืชื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฉืœื• ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช

ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฉืœื• ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ืŸ-ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”
 

ื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉื” ื’ืจื ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช
[ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื: ืงืจืกืœ, ืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื’. ืงืจืกืœ ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ืื•ืคืง ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”, ะญะปะตะบั‚ั€ะพะฝะฝะฐั ะตะฒั€ะตะนัะบะฐั ัะฝั†ะธะบะปะพะฟะตะดะธั]

ืกืคืจื™ื•:

  • ืื•ื—ื–ืช ืขื ืฃ ืฉืงื“ : ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืื’ื•ื“ืช ื”ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืœื™ื“ ืณื“ื‘ื™ืจืณ, ืชืฉื™ืดื‘ 1951)
  • ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉ ื—ืžื™ื : ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืงืจื™ืช ืกืคืจ, 1954)
  • ืงื•ืœ ืขื ื•ืช : ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืงืจื™ืช ืกืคืจ, ืชืฉื˜ืดื• 1955)
  • ืžืงืจืื™ ื—ื’ ืœืกืขื•ื“ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช  (ื ืขืจื›ื• ืžื˜ืขื ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ืŸ-ืฉื•ืฉืŸ) (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื”ืชืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืชืฉื˜ืดื•) <ืดืคืจืงื™ ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฉืœื•ืด>
  • ืืœื”ื™ ื”ื ื•ืฉืง ืœื•ื—ืžื™ื : ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืงืจื™ืช ืกืคืจ, 1957)
  • 500 ืฉืืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื ืดืš ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ืฆื“ืŸ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืงืจื™ืช ืกืคืจ,1958)
  • ืคืจืฉืช ื’ื‘ืจื™ืืœ ืชื™ืจื•ืฉ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“, ืชืฉื›ืดื” 1964)
  • ืฉื™ืจื™ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืจืดื— ื”ื›ื”ืŸ, ืชืฉื›ืดื—)
  • ื ืขืจ ืฉื‘ ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื‘ื : ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืืณ ืœื•ื™ืŸ-ืืคืฉื˜ื™ืŸ, ืชืฉืดืœ)
  • ื“ื ื•ืจื•ื— (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžืณ ื ื™ื•ืžืŸ, ืชืฉืดืœ) <ืจื•ืžืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ ืžื•ืจื” ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ืชื•>
  • ืชื—ืช ื”ืชื•ืช : ืจื•ืžืŸ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืืณ ืœื•ื™ืŸ-ืืคืฉื˜ื™ืŸ, ืชืฉืœืดื)
  • ืฉืžืœืช ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ : ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ืจืžืช ื’ืŸ : ืืณ ืœื•ื™ืŸ-ืืคืฉื˜ื™ืŸ, ืชืฉืœืดื‘ 1972)
  • ื™ืœื“ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“, 1974) <ืื™ื•ืจื™ื - ื’ื™ื•ืจื ื›ืจืžื™>
  • ืฉื›ืจื•ืŸ ื–ื”ื‘ : ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืœื•ื™ืŸ-ืืคืฉื˜ื™ืŸ - ืžื•ื“ืŸ, ืชืฉืœืดื” 1975)
  • ืžืขืฉืŸ ืืช ืžืงื˜ืจืช ืจืขื™ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืœื•ื™ืŸ-ืืคืฉื˜ื™ืŸ - ืžื•ื“ืŸ, ืชืฉืœืดื• 1976) <ืฉื™ืจื™ื>
  • ืœืชื•ืจ ืื—ืจื™ ืืฉื” (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื–ืžื•ืจื”-ื‘ื™ืชืŸ, ืชืฉืžืดื– 1987) <ืฉื™ืจื™ื>
  • ืžื‘ื–ืงื™ื : ืฆืจื•ืจ ืคืชื’ืžื™ื ื•ืืžืจื•ืช (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื–ืžื™ืจื•ืช, 1992)
  • ื”ืฉื™ืจ ืืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“, ืชืฉืกืดื˜ 2009) <ืขืจื™ื›ื” - ืžืื™ืจ ืฉืœื•, ืจืคืืœื” ืฉื™ืจ, ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœื• ; ืจื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ื•ืชื—ืจื™ื˜ื™ื - ืจืคืืœื” ืฉื™ืจ ; ืื—ืจื™ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืืจื™ืืœ ื”ื™ืจืฉืคืœื“, ื—ื ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจ>

ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•:

  • ื‘ื ืฉืœื•ื, ื‘ื ืฆื™ื•ืŸ.  ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื”.  ื‘ืกืคืจื•:  ืืจื—ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืจื” : ืžืกื•ืช ื•ืžืืžืจื™ื (ืจืžืช ื’ืŸ : ืื’ื•ื“ืช ื”ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืžืกื“ื”, 1966), ืขืžืณ 188โ€“190 <ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ืจืฆืืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฉืœื• ื‘ื•ืขื™ื“ืช ื”ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ืฉื ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉื™ืดื“ ื•ื ื“ืคืกื• ื‘ืณื“ื‘ืจืณ ื‘ื›ืดื• ื‘ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉื™ืดื“ (ื ื—ืชื: 1954)>
  • ื”ื™ืจืฉืคืœื“, ืืจื™ืืœ.  ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืจืงื™ ืดื‘ืจืืฉื™ืชืด ืœืงื ื” ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ : ืžืชื•ื•ื” ืœืชื™ืื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฉืœื•.  ื‘ืชื•ืš: ื”ืฉื™ืจ ืืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ / ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฉืœื• (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“, ืชืฉืกืดื˜ 2009), ืขืžืณ 211โ€“234.
  • ื—ื‘ืจ, ื—ื ืŸ.  ืดื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉืœืžืชื™ ืขื ืฉื‘ืจ ืขืžื™ืด.  ื‘ืชื•ืš: ื”ืฉื™ืจ ืืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ / ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฉืœื• (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“, ืชืฉืกืดื˜ 2009), ืขืžืณ 235โ€“257.
  • ืงืจืžืจ, ืฉืœื•ื.  ืฉื™ืจืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฉืœื™ื•.  ืžืื–ื ื™ื, ื›ืจืš ืืณ, ื’ืœืณ ื•ืณ (ืื‘ ืชืฉื˜ืดื•, ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1955), ืขืžืณ 368โ€“374.
  • Silberschlag, Eisig. The Poets of Jerusalem: Asaf Halevi, Jacob David Kamson, Ari Ibn Zahav, Zerah Halevi, Isaac Shalev. In his From renaissance to renaissance : Hebrew literature from 1492-1970 (New York : Ktav Publishing House, 1973-1977), vol. 2, pp. 56-66.
ืขืœ ืดืื•ื—ื–ืช ืขื ืฃ ืฉืงื“ืด
ืขืœ ืดืงื•ืœ ืื ื•ืฉ ื—ืžื™ืืด ืขืœ ืดืงื•ืœ ืขื ื•ืชืด
  • ื’ื•ืจืŸ, ื ืชืŸ.  ืฉื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฉืœื•.  ื“ื‘ืจ, ื™ืดื“ ื‘ืื™ื™ืจ ืชืฉื˜ืดื•, 6 ื‘ืžืื™ 1955, ืขืžืณ 5.
  • ืงื•ืจืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ, ื‘ืจื•ืš. ืงืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ื™ื— ื•ืžื•ืจื” ื”ื“ื•ืจ. ื”ืืจืฅ, 1 ื‘ืžืืจืก 1957 <ื›ื•ื ืก ื‘ืกืคืจื• ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช : ืžืกื•ืช ื•ืžืืžืจื™ื / ืขืจื›ื• ืฆื‘ื™ ืœื•ื– ื•ื™ื“ื™ื“ื™ื” ื™ืฆื—ืงื™ (ืจืžืช-ื’ืŸ : ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืจ-ืื™ืœืŸ, ืชืฉืžืดื‘ 1982), ืขืžืณ 201โ€“206>
ืขืœ ืดืืœื”ื™ ื”ื ื•ืฉืง ืœื•ื—ืžื™ืืด
ืขืœ ืดืคืจืฉืช ื’ื‘ืจื™ืืœ ืชื™ืจื•ืฉืด
ืขืœ ืดื ืขืจ ืฉื‘ ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื‘ืืด
  • ื–.ืฉ. ืดื ืขืจ ืฉื‘ ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื‘ืืด. ืงืฉืช, ืฉื ื” 13, ื—ื•ื‘ืณ ื (ืžืดื˜) (ืกืชื• ืชืฉืœืดื 1970), ืขืžืณ 184.
ืขืœ ืดื™ืœื“ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ืืด
ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื:

Wikidata โ€“ Q7051996 J9U โ€“ 987007299475905171 NLI โ€“ 000219485 LC โ€“ nr91013184 VIAF โ€“ 78349012
ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”: 7 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2021

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