ืขื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ืจ ืžืœื›ื (1926โ€“2024)

<ื‘ื”ื›ื ื”>

Ayin Tur Malka

    ืขืœื™ื–ื” ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’ (ืœื‘ื™ืช ื’ื•ืจื‘ื™ืฅ), ืžืฉื•ืจืจืช, ื ื•ืœื“ื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืœืื‘ื™ื” ื“ืดืจ ื“ื•ื“ ื’ื•ืจื‘ื™ืฅ ื•ืœืืžื” ืจื•ื–ื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ืชื•ื ื™ืก, ื‘ื›ืดื• ื‘ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืชืจืคืดื–, 3 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 1926. ื’ื“ืœื” ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ืชืœืคื™ื•ืช, ืœืžื“ื” ื‘ื’ื™ืžื ืกื™ื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ืจื—ื‘ื™ื”, ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืื•ืžื ื•ืช ื•ืœืืžื ื•ืช, ืขื“ ืœื”ืคืกืงืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช. ื”ื™ืชื” ื—ื‘ืจืช ืžื—ืชืจืช ืœื—ืดื™. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื” ื›ืดืฉื•ืžืขืช ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืชืด ื‘ื—ื•ื’ ืœืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘. ื‘ึพ1948 ื ื™ืฉืื” ืœืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืฉืœื•, ืืš ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื ื” ื ืคืจื“ื•. ื‘ึพ1950 ื ื™ืฉืื” ืœืžืฉื•ืจืจ ืื•ืจื™ ืฆื‘ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’ ื•ื ื•ืœื“ื• ืœื”ื ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื. ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจืช ื‘ืจืžืช ื’ืŸ.
    ื”ื—ืœื” ืœืคืจืกื ืžื’ื™ืœ ื—ืžืฉึพืขืฉืจื” ื‘ืฉื ื”ืขื˜ ื‘ืช ืขื™ืŸ. ืืช ืฉืžื” ื˜ื•ืจึพืžืœื›ื ื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื” ื‘ืขืœื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ. ืฉื™ืจื™ื” ืžืžื–ื’ื™ื ืืช ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ืืช ื”ื”ืืจื” ื”ืžื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช, ืืช ืื•ื•ื™ืจืช ื”ืชื ืดืš, ืืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื” ื”ื ืฉื™ื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ื—ืชื™ืจื” ืœื™ืฉื•ืช ื ืขืœื”. ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื” ืžืขืžืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื•ืžื™ืช ืขื ื”ื—ืชื™ืจื” ืœื™ื—ืกื™ ื’ื•ืžืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืœืจืขื”ื•, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืœืืฉืชื• ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉื” ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื”. ื‘ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื–ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื” ื”ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœืช ืœื‘ื“ื” ื‘ืฉื“ื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื” ืคืจื•ืฉื” ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืืช ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ืžื™ื™ื—ืœืช ืœืื”ื‘ื” ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ื•ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช, ืืš ื ืชืงืœืช ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืฉื”. ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื ืฉื™ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืคืกื’ืช ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื” ื•ืžื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”. ืดืžึทืึฒื•ึทื™ึตึผื™ ื”ึทื ึผึธืฉืึดื™ื: ืœึฐื”ึดืชึฐื›ึผึทื ึตึผืก ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนื›ึตื™ ืึฒื”ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ื”ึถืŸืด (ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ื ืคืฉื™ ืœืชื›ืœืชืš, ืœืœื ื›ื•ืชืจืช). ืดืžึดืฉืึผื•ึผื ืฉึถืจึนืšึฐ ืœึนื ื‘ึดืงึผึทืฉึฐืืชึธึผ,/ โ€“ ืจึนืšึฐ ืœึนื ื”ึถืขึฑื ึทืงึฐืชึธึผ./ ืจึทื‘ ืœึฐืšึธ ื–ึตื›ึถืจ ืฉืื•ึนืฉืึทื ึดึผื™ื ืžึดื™ึทึผืœึฐื“ื•ึผืชืด (ืฉื, ืดื‘ื“ื“ืด). ืดื”ึฑื™ื•ึนืช ืœึฐืšึธ ืึฒื”ื•ึผื‘ึธื”/ ืœึนื ื™ึธื›ึนืœึฐืชึผึดื™, ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึนื ืึฒื”ึทื‘ึฐืชึผึทื ึดื™ืด (ืฉื, ืดื™ืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ืืด).
    ืฉื™ืจืชื” ืจื•ื•ื™ื” ื‘ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ื™ื ื•ื‘ืฉืคื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช. ื”ืฆื‘ืข ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื, ืœืฉื•ืฉื ื” ืžืขืžื“ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืคืขืช ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ืชื•ืคืขื” ืฉืœ ืขืœึพื˜ื‘ืข, ื”ื—ืœื™ืœ ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื ืคืฉื™ ื”ืขืžื•ืง, ื”ืžื•ื ื— ืดื”ืชื›ื ืกื•ืชืด ืžื‘ื™ืข ืืช ื”ื›ืžื™ื”ื” ืœื™ื—ืกื™ ื’ื•ืžืœื™ืŸ, ื”ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืคื•ืš ืžื‘ื’ื™ื“ื”, ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื ื“ึฐื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืฉื•ืช, ื”ืขื™ื’ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช, ื”ืื•ืจ ื•ื”ืฆึตืœ ื ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืืฉืจ ืžืžืจืื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข. ื–ื• ืฉื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืชืงืคื•ืช ื”ืžืจืื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื ืคืฉ, ื›ืืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื˜ื‘ืข ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•, ื‘ืœื ืฉื™ื—ื“ื•ืจ ืœืžืจื›ื– ื”ืชื•ื“ืขื”.
    ื—ืœืงื™ื ื ื™ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจืชื” ื”ื ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืืœ ื•ื”ืื“ื, ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ืืช ื’ื–ึตืจืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช. ื”ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืžื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื”ืดืžืงื•ื‘ืœืด ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืชื•ื“ืขื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกืชืœืงื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืžื”ืขื•ืœื, ื ื“ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื ื‘ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœื”, ื•ื—ื–ืจื” ืืœื™ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžื™ื™ื’ืขืช ื•ืงืฉื”. ืœืขืชื™ื ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื›ื•ืœื• ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื—ื” ื”ืžืชืคืชื—ืช ืœื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืฉืœืžื”, ืœืžืฉืœ ืดืฉื™ื— ื–ื™ื•ื•ื’ื™ืŸืด (ืฉื, ืขืžืณ 35โ€“36) ืื• ืดื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ืด (ืฉื, ืขืžืณ 171โ€“173).
    ื’ื ื”ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืœืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจืชื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืœืช ืื•ืคื™ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื ืคืฉื™ื™ื ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ื” ืงืจื‘ื” ืœื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ืช ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช, ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืงื™ื•ื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื ืคืจื“ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื•ืขืจื›ื™ืช ืœื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื”. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืฉืชืœื‘ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื’ื ืขื ื™ื—ืกื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœื–ืžืŸ, ืœืื”ื‘ื” ื•ืœื ืฉื™ื•ืช. ื”ืืœ ืžืชื’ืœื” ืœืœื ื”ืจืฃ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืจืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืžืฉื•ื—ื—ืช ืขื ืžืฆื‘ื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื.
    ื‘ืฉื™ืจื™ื” ืื–ื›ื•ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืžืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืขืช ืฉื™ื‘ืชื• ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ืœืืจืฆื•: ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช, ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ืขื•ื“. ื‘ืฆื“ื ืžืชื•ืืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’ืฉ ื•ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื” ื•ืึดืžื”. ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ึผึตื ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืžื“ ืขื™ื•ื ื™ ื•ืžื™ืกื˜ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื” ื–ื•. ืกืคืจื™ื”: ืงืŸ ืฉืœ ื–ืจื“ื™ื (ื›ืจื, 1963, 1989); ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจื•ืช (1972, 1989); ืืฉืžื•ืจื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช (1989); ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ื ืคืฉื™ ืœืชื›ืœืชืš, ืืกื™ืฃ ืฉื™ืจื™ื (2005, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ื•ืกืคืจ ื—ื“ืฉ, ืฉืขืจ ื—ืจื™ืกื™ืช). ื‘ึพ2016 ื™ืฆื ืœืื•ืจ ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืฉื™ืจื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื•ืชื™ื ื•.
    ืขืœื™ื–ื” ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’ ืขืกืงื” ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื›ืœ ื›ืชื‘ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื™ ืฆื‘ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’ ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ืคืจื•ืคืณ ื“ืŸ ืžื™ืจื•ืŸ (ืžื•ืกื“ ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง), ื•ืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2021 ืจืื• ืื•ืจ ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืื—ื“ ื›ืจื›ื™ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ืื ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืงื™ืคื” ื‘ืฉื ื‘ืขื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจ (2007), ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืงื“ื™ืฉื” ืžืืžืฅ ืจื‘ ืœื”ื ื—ืœืช ืฉื™ืจืชื• ืœื›ืœืœ. ื–ื›ืชื” ื‘ืคืจืก ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืฉื ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื•ื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœ (2002), ื‘ืคืจืก ืขืœ ืฉื ืขืงื‘ื™ื”ื• ืžื˜ืขื ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืจึพืื™ืœืŸ (2006), ื‘ืคืจืก ืืงื•ืดื ืขืœ ืžืคืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื (2007) ื•ื‘ึพ2014 ื–ื›ืชื” ื‘ืคืจืก ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืœืกื•ืคืจื™ื ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ืขืดืฉ ืœื•ื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœ.
    ืขืœื™ื–ื” ื˜ื•ืจึพืžืœื›ื ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’ ื ืคื˜ืจื” ื‘ื›ืดื’ ื‘ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืคืดื“, 29 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2024.

ื ื›ืชื‘  ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช 
[ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื: ืงืจืกืœ, ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”] 

ืกืคืจื™ื”:
  • ืงืŸ ืฉืœ ื–ืจื“ื™ื (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื›ืจื, 1963) <ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ืฉื ื™ื” ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื™ืื™ืจ ืขืดืฉ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉื˜ืจืŸ ื‘ืชืฉืžืดื˜ 1989>
  • ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจื•ืช (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืื’ื•ื“ืช ืฉืœื, ืชืฉืœืดื‘ 1971) <ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ืฉื ื™ื” ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื™ืื™ืจ ืขืดืฉ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉื˜ืจืŸ ื‘ืชืฉืžืดื˜ 1989>
  • ืืฉืžื•ืจื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื™ืื™ืจ ืขืดืฉ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉื˜ืจืŸ, ืชืฉืžืดื˜ 1989)<ืจื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื, ืื•ืจื™ ืฆื‘ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’>
  • ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ื ืคืฉื™ ืœืชื›ืœืชืš : ืืกื™ืฃ ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืžื•ืกื“ ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง, ืชืฉืกืดื” 2004) <ื›ืœื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ืฉื ื“ืคืกื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื•ืกืคืจ ืจื‘ื™ืขื™, ื—ื“ืฉ: ืดืฉืขืจ ื—ืจื™ืกื™ืชืด>
  • ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื•ืชื™ื ื• (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืžื•ืกื“ ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง, 2016) <ืฉื™ืจื™ื>
ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื”:

  • ื‘ืฉืŸ, ืจืคืืœ. ื—ื™ื™ ืขื ืื•ืจื™ ืฆื‘ื™. ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ืžื•ืกืฃ 7 ื™ืžื™ื, ื™ืดื˜ ื‘ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืžืดื•, 4 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 1985, ืขืžืณ 24โ€“26.
  • ื’ื•ื˜ืงื™ื ื“, ื ืขืžื™. ืขืœื™ื–ื” ื˜ื•ืจึพืžืœื›ื”: ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืืœ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืช. ื”ืฆื•ืคื”, ื–ืณ ื‘ืื™ื™ืจ ืชืฉืžืดื˜, 12 ื‘ืžืื™ 1989, ืขืžืณ 6.
  • ื’ื•ืœืŸ, ืืจื ื”.  ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ืขื–ึพื”ืจื•ื— ื•ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ืจื›ื” : ืดืื”ื‘ืช ืฉืžืฉื•ืŸืด ืžืืช ืขืœื™ื–ื” ื˜ื•ืจึพืžืœื›ื.  ื‘ืกืคืจื” ื’ื‘ืจ, ืื™ืฉื”, ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื–ื”ื•ืช : ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื”ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช  (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื—ื•ืจื‘, ืชืฉืกืดื” 2004), ืขืžืณ 84โ€“92.
  • ื•ื™ื–ืŸ, ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”.  ืดืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืชื™, ืื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืžื•ึผืจื”ืด : ืฉื™ื—ื” ืขื ืขื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ืจึพืžืœื›ื.  ื“ื—ืง, ื›ืจืš ื—ืณ (ืชืฉืขืดื–, ื™ื•ืœื™ 2017), ืขืžืณ 36โ€“65.
  • ื–ื™ืœื‘ืจ, ืืกืชืจ. ืงื™ื•ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื—ื•ืฉื ื™. ืคืกื™ืคืก, ื’ืœืณ 11 (1991), ืขืžืณ 8โ€“9.
  • ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ, ื ืชืŸ.  ืงืกืžื™ึพืฉื™ืจื™ื: ืฆืคืจื™ื : ื™ื•ืžืŸ ืงืจื™ืื”.  ื‘ืฆืจื•ืŸ (ืกื“ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื”), ื›ืจืš ื–ืณ, ื’ืœืณ 26 (356) (ืื™ื™ืจโ€“ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืžืดื”, ื™ื•ื ื™ 1985), ืขืžืณ 46โ€“50 <ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจื” ืดืื“ื ื›ืฆืคื•ืจืด>
  • ื™ืขื•ื–ึพืงืกื˜, ืื™ืชืžืจ. ืฉื™ื—ื” ืขื ืขื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ืจึพืžืœื›ื. ืคืกื™ืคืก, ื’ืœืณ 7 (1989), ืขืžืณ 8โ€“9, 42.
  • ืœื•ื™, ืื‘ื™ื‘ื”. ื ื–ืจ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื” ืžืชื ื•ืฆืฅ...: ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืขื ืขื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ืจึพืžืœื›ื (ืขืœื™ื–ื” ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’). ื”ืื•ืžื”, ืฉื ื” ื›ืดื–, ื—ื•ื‘ืณ 96 (1989), ืขืžืณ 30โ€“36.
  • ืžื•ืกืงื•ื ื”ึพืœืจืžืŸ, ื‘ื™ืœื™. ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื”ื ื‘ื™ื, ืื ื™ ืจืง ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืืฉืชื•. ืžืขืจื™ื‘, ืกื•ืคืฉื‘ื•ืข, ื›ืดื” ื‘ื›ืกืœื• ืชืฉื ืดื–, 6 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 1996, ืขืžืณ 60โ€“61, 63 <ืจื™ืื™ื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจืช ืขืœื™ื–ื” ื˜ื•ืจึพืžืœื›ื ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ืื•ืจื™ ืฆื‘ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’>
  • ื ื’ื‘, ืื™ืœืช. ืื•ืจื™ ืฆื‘ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’ ืืžืจ ืœื™: ืืช ืืฉื” ืžืกื•ื›ื ืช : ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืขื ืขืœื™ื–ื” ื˜ื•ืจึพืžืœื›ื. ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, 7 ื™ืžื™ื, ื›ืดื— ื‘ื ื™ืกืŸ ืชืฉื ืดื, 12 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 1991, ืขืžืณ 44โ€“46 <ื—ื–ืจ ื•ื ื“ืคืก ื‘ืกืคืจื”: ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช : ืกืคืจื™ ื—ืžื“, 1995), ืขืžืณ 45โ€“54 <ืฉื™ื—ื” ืขื ืขืœื™ื–ื” ื˜ื•ืจึพืžืœื›ื ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’ ืขืœ ื‘ืขืœื”, ืื•ืจื™ึพืฆื‘ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’>
  • ืงืจืคืœ, ื“ืœื™ื”. 79 ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช. ื”ืืจืฅ, ืžื•ืกืฃ, ื›ืดื‘ ื‘ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืกืดื”, 29 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2005, ืขืžืณ 42โ€“50 <ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจืช ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื” ืขื ืื•ืจื™ ืฆื‘ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’>
ืขืœ ืดืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจื•ืชืด
  • ื’ื•ืœืŸ, ืืจื ื”. ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ืืจื•ืช โ€“ ืืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจื”. ืžืื–ื ื™ื: ื™ืจื—ื•ืŸ ืœืกืคืจื•ืช, ื›ืจืš ืœืดื“, ื’ืœืณ 3 (ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1972), ืขืžืณ 168โ€“171 <ื—ื–ืจ ื•ื ื“ืคืก ื‘ืกืคืจื” ื’ื‘ืจ, ืื™ืฉื”, ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื–ื”ื•ืช : ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื”ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช  (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื—ื•ืจื‘, ืชืฉืกืดื” 2004), ืขืžืณ 78โ€“83>
ืขืœ ืดืืฉืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืชืด
  • ืื™ื–ืงืกื•ืŸ, ืžื™ืจื•ืŸ ื—. ืืฉืžื•ืจื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ืขื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ืจ ืžืœื›ื (ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’). ืžืื–ื ื™ื, ื›ืจืš ืกืดื”, ื’ืœืณ 7โ€“8 (1991), ืขืžืณ 78โ€“79.
  • ืฉืชืœ, ืฉืžื•ืืœ. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืžืฉ ืœื™ืจื—. ื“ื‘ืจ, ื™ืดื“ ื‘ืื™ื™ืจ ืชืฉืžืดื˜, 19 ื‘ืžืื™ 1989, ืขืžืณ 19.
ืขืœ ืดืฉื•ื‘ื™ ื ืคืฉื™ ืœืชื›ืœืชืšืด
  • ื‘ืจึพื™ื•ืกืฃ, ื—ืžื•ื˜ืœ. ืดื‘ื—ืœื•ื ืœื ื ืืฆืœื• ืœื™ ืจื—ืžื™ืืด. ื”ืืจืฅ, ืžื•ืกืฃ ืกืคืจื™ื, ื’ืœืณ 642 (ื—ืณ ื‘ืกื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืกืดื”, 15 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2005), ืขืžืณ 66 <ื—ื–ืจ ื•ื ื“ืคืก ื‘ืกืคืจื”: ื˜ืขืžื™ ื”ืงืจื™ืื” : ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ืช (ืžื‘ืฉืจืชึพืฆื™ื•ืŸ : ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื, 2006), ืขืžืณ 133โ€“136>
  • ื’ืจื ื•ืช, ืžืฉื”.  ื”ืืœ, ื”ืžื•ืœื“ืช ื•ื”ืžื—ืจืคื™ื ื ืคืฉื ืขืœื™ื”.  ืžืื–ื ื™ื, ื›ืจืš ืขืดื˜, ื’ืœืณ 3 (ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉืกืดื”, ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2005), ืขืžืณ 12โ€“13.
  • ืชื•ืจ, ืื•ืจื™ึพืฆื‘ื™.  ื”ืฆื‘ืข ืฉืœ ืื”ื‘ืช ื”ืชืงื•ื•ื”.  ื”ืื•ืžื”, ืฉื ื” ืžืดื’, ื—ื•ื‘ืณ 162 (ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืชืฉืกืดื•, ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2006), ืขืžืณ 109โ€“113.
ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื:

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