Bukovite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Bukovite
Formula:
(Cu3Fe)Σ4Tl2Se4
Fe is essential; formerly given as Tl2(Cu,Fe)4Se4
Colour:
Greyish-brown
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
2
Specific Gravity:
7.40 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Member of:
Name:
Named by Z. Johan, and M. Kvaček in 1971 for the Bukov Mine, the type locality.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
797
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:797:5
Similar Names
IMA Classification of Bukovite
Approved
IMA Formula:
(Cu1+3Fe3+)Tl1+2Se2-4
Approval year:
1970
First published:
1971
Classification of Bukovite
2.BD.30
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
B : Metal Sulfides, M: S > 1: 1 (mainly 2: 1)
D : With Hg, Tl
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
B : Metal Sulfides, M: S > 1: 1 (mainly 2: 1)
D : With Hg, Tl
2.5.5.2
2 : SULFIDES
5 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 3:2
2 : SULFIDES
5 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 3:2
3.5.17
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
5 : Sulphides etc. of Hg and Tl
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
5 : Sulphides etc. of Hg and Tl
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Bko | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Bu | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Bukovite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Greyish-brown
Hardness:
2 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN20=64 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Good on {001}
imperfect on {100}
Good on {001}
imperfect on {100}
Density:
7.40 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Bukovite
Anisotropism:
Medium
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 (%) | R2 (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 400nm | 23.5% | 28.3% |
| 420nm | 24.7% | 29.0% |
| 440nm | 25.7% | 29.7% |
| 460nm | 26.5% | 30.5% |
| 480nm | 26.6% | 30.6% |
| 500nm | 27.0% | 30.7% |
| 520nm | 27.1% | 30.6% |
| 540nm | 26.6% | 29.9% |
| 560nm | 26.5% | 29.4% |
| 580nm | 26.1% | 28.8% |
| 600nm | 26.0% | 28.8% |
| 620nm | 26.1% | 28.8% |
| 640nm | 26.7% | 29.1% |
| 660nm | 27.9% | 29.7% |
| 680nm | 28.7% | 30.3% |
| 700nm | 29.9% | 31.3% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 31.3%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
Creamy gray to gray.
Chemistry of Bukovite
Mindat Formula:
(Cu3Fe)Σ4Tl2Se4
Fe is essential; formerly given as Tl2(Cu,Fe)4Se4
Fe is essential; formerly given as Tl2(Cu,Fe)4Se4
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Bukovite
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) - Ditetragonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:
I4/mmm
Setting:
I4/mmm
Cell Parameters:
a = 3.9694(8) Å, c = 13.694(3) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 3.45
Unit Cell V:
215.77 ų
Z:
1
Morphology:
Minute crystals to 2 mm.
Comment:
Former data: Point Group: 42m, 4mm, or 4/m 2/m 2/m.; Space Group: I42m, I4mm or I4/mmm.
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
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Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Display Options
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
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Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
Rotation
Stop | Start
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Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0018803 | Bukovite | Makovicky E, Johan Z, Karup-Moller S (1980) New data on bukovite, thalcusite, chalcothallite and rohaite Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Abhandlungen 138 122-146 | 1980 | Bukov, Czechoslovakia | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2.998 Å | (100) |
| 2.600 Å | (90) |
| 1.771 Å | (80) |
| 2.255 Å | (70) |
| 1.987 Å | (70) |
| 1.656 Å | (60) |
| 3.428 Å | (50) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47) | |
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Geological Setting:
Calcite veins of hydrothermal origin.
Type Occurrence of Bukovite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Minute crystals, up to 2 mm.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National School of Mines, Paris, France.
Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
In selenium-bearing veins of hydrothermal origin.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Bukovite
Other Language Names for Bukovite
Relationship of Bukovite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Bukovite Group:
| Murunskite | K2(Cu,Fe)4S4 | Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I4/mmm |
| Sabatierite | TlCu6Se4 | Orth. |
| Thalcusite | Tl2Cu3FeS4 | Tet. |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 9 photos of Bukovite associated with Crookesite | Cu7(Tl, Ag)Se4 |
| 6 photos of Bukovite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 5 photos of Bukovite associated with Clausthalite | PbSe |
| 4 photos of Bukovite associated with Klockmannite | CuSe |
| 3 photos of Bukovite associated with Berzelianite | Cu2-xSe (x ≈ 0.12) |
| 2 photos of Bukovite associated with Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| 2 photos of Bukovite associated with Eskebornite | CuFeSe2 |
| 2 photos of Bukovite associated with Eucairite | AgCuSe |
| 1 photo of Bukovite associated with Uraninite | UO2 |
| 1 photo of Bukovite associated with Fischesserite | Ag3AuSe2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 2.BD. | Vrančiceite | Cu10Hg3S8 |
| 2.BD. | 'UM2004-33-S:AgCuHgSe' | (Ag,Cu)8Hg3(S,Se)7 |
| 2.BD.05 | Imiterite | Ag2HgS2 |
| 2.BD.10 | Gortdrumite | Cu24Fe2Hg9S23 |
| 2.BD.15 | Danielsite | (Cu,Ag)14HgS8 |
| 2.BD.15 | Balkanite | Cu9Ag5HgS8 |
| 2.BD.20 | Donharrisite | Ni3HgS3 |
| 2.BD.25 | Carlinite | Tl2S |
| 2.BD.30 | Thalcusite | Tl2Cu3FeS4 |
| 2.BD.30 | Murunskite | K2(Cu,Fe)4S4 |
| 2.BD.35 | Rohaite | (Tl,Pb,K)2Cu8.7Sb2S4 |
| 2.BD.40 | Chalcothallite | Tl2(Cu,Fe)6SbS4 |
| 2.BD.45 | Sabatierite | TlCu6Se4 |
| 2.BD.50 | Crookesite | Cu7(Tl, Ag)Se4 |
| 2.BD.55 | Brodtkorbite | Cu2HgSe2 |
Other Information
Notes:
Etch reactions:
HNO3 50% = Blue gray film that is easily removable. The color of the mineral becomes gray blue.
FeCl3 20% = Blue-grey to brown-grey film, non-removable.
KCN 20% = At the edges of the drop, a grey-brown, non-removable film.
HCl 50%, HgCL2 5%, KOH 40% = Negative.
HNO3 50% = Blue gray film that is easily removable. The color of the mineral becomes gray blue.
FeCl3 20% = Blue-grey to brown-grey film, non-removable.
KCN 20% = At the edges of the drop, a grey-brown, non-removable film.
HCl 50%, HgCL2 5%, KOH 40% = Negative.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Bukovite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-797.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Bukovite
Localities for Bukovite
Showing 17 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Brodtkorb (2002) +2 other references |
Czech Republic | |
| Škácha et al. (2017) |
| Sejkora et al. (2024) |
| Kopecký et al. (2010) |
| Sejkora et al. (2014) |
| Sejkora et al. (2022) +1 other reference |
| Strübel +2 other references |
| Kvaček (1979) +1 other reference |
| Kvaček (1979) +1 other reference | |
| American Mineralogist 73:933 +2 other references |
France | |
| Picot et al. (1982) +1 other reference |
Germany | |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Möhn et al. (07/2020) |
| Forster et al. (2004) |
| The Canadian Mineralogist | |
Russia | |
| Bazai et al. (2009) |
Sweden | |
| Sandström (2007) |
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Bukov Mine, Rožná deposit, Rožná, Žďár nad Sázavou District, Vysočina Region, Czech Republic