Levinsonite-(Y)
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Levinsonite-(Y)
Dr. Alfred A. Levinson
Formula:
(Y,Nd,La)Al(C2O4)(SO4)2 · 12H2O
Colour:
Colourless
Lustre:
Vitreous
Specific Gravity:
2.181 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in honor of Alfred Abraham Levinson (1927-2005), Professor emeritus of Mineralogy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, the originator of the internationally used nomenclature for rare earth element (REE) minerals.
Type Locality:
This page provides mineralogical data about Levinsonite-(Y).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
7024
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:7024:5
IMA Classification of Levinsonite-(Y)
Approved
IMA Formula:
YAl(S6+O4)2((C2)6+O4)(H2O)4·8H2O
Approval year:
1996
First published:
2001
Type description reference:
Rouse, R. C., Peacor, D. R., Essene, E. J., Coskren, T. D., Lauf, R. J. (2001) The new minerals levinsonite-(Y) [(Y, Nd,Ce)Al(SO4)2(C2O4) · 12H2O] and zugshunstite-(Ce) [(Ce,Nd,La)Al(SO4)2(C2O4) · 12H2O]: Coexisting oxalates with different structures and differentiation of LREE and HREE. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 65 (7) 1101-1115 doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(00)00568-8
Classification of Levinsonite-(Y)
10.AB.70
10 : ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
A : Salts of organic acids
B : Oxalates
10 : ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
A : Salts of organic acids
B : Oxalates
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Lvi-Y | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Levinsonite-(Y)
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Colourless
Streak:
White
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
on {101}
on {101}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
2.181 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Levinsonite-(Y)
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.48(1) nβ = 1.49(1) nγ = 1.55(1)
2V:
Measured: 7° (3), Calculated: 46°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.070
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
none
Chemistry of Levinsonite-(Y)
Mindat Formula:
(Y,Nd,La)Al(C2O4)(SO4)2 · 12H2O
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Levinsonite-(Y)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.289(1) Å, b = 9.234(1) Å, c = 11.015 Å
β = 108.50°
β = 108.50°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.114 : 1 : 1.193
Unit Cell V:
992.44 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Prismatic crystals, elongate [101] to 1.0 mm in length, and as randomly oriented groups of a few crystals.
Comment:
Space Group: P2/n.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0012661 | Levinsonite-(Y) | Rouse R C, Peacor D R, Essene E J, Coskren T D, Lauf R J (2001) The new minerals levinsonite-(Y) [(Y,Nd,Ce)Al(SO4)2(C2O4)*12H2O] and zugshunstite-(Ce) [(Ce,Nd,La)Al(SO4)2(C2O4)*12H2O]: coexisting oxalates with different structures and differentiation of LREE and HREE Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 65 1101-1115 | 2001 | Alum Cave Bluff, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 9.3 Å | (100) |
| 6.28 Å | (90) |
| 4.89 Å | (60) |
| 4.09 Å | (50) |
| 5.20 Å | (40) |
| 3.700 Å | (30) |
| 3.447 Å | (30) |
Reference:
Rouse, R. C., Peacor, D. R., Essene, E. J., Coskren, T. D., Lauf, R. J. (2001) The new minerals levinsonite-(Y) [(Y, Nd,Ce)Al(SO4)2(C2O4) · 12H2O] and zugshunstite-(Ce) [(Ce,Nd,La)Al(SO4)2(C2O4) · 12H2O]: Coexisting oxalates with different structures and differentiation of LREE and HREE. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 65 (7) 1101-1115 doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(00)00568-8
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47b : [Sulfates and sulfites] | |
| 47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates] | |
| Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere | <0.6 |
| 53 : Other minerals with taphonomic origins | <0.4 |
Type Occurrence of Levinsonite-(Y)
General Appearance of Type Material:
Individual prismatic crystals, to 1.0 mm in length, and as randomly oriented groups of a few crystals.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Cave; sulfate-rich supergene assemblage.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Rouse, R. C., Peacor, D. R., Essene, E. J., Coskren, T. D., Lauf, R. J. (2001) The new minerals levinsonite-(Y) [(Y, Nd,Ce)Al(SO4)2(C2O4) · 12H2O] and zugshunstite-(Ce) [(Ce,Nd,La)Al(SO4)2(C2O4) · 12H2O]: Coexisting oxalates with different structures and differentiation of LREE and HREE. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 65 (7) 1101-1115 doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(00)00568-8
Synonyms of Levinsonite-(Y)
Other Language Names for Levinsonite-(Y)
Dutch:Levinsoniet-(Y)
German:Levinsonit-(Y)
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 1 photo of Levinsonite-(Y) associated with Coskrenite-(Ce) | Ce2(SO4)2(C2O4) · 8H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 10.AB. | Deveroite-(Ce) | Ce2(C2O4)3 · 10H2O |
| 10.AB. | Edwindavisite | Cu(C2O4)(NH3) |
| 10.AB.X | Falottaite | MnC2O4 · 3H2O |
| 10.AB. | Uroxite | [(UO2)2(C2O4)(OH)2(H2O)2] · H2O |
| 10.AB.05 | Katsarosite | Zn(C2O4) · 2H2O |
| 10.AB.05 | Andreybulakhite | Ni(C2O4) · 2H2O |
| 10.AB.05 | Humboldtine | Fe2+(C2O4) · 2H2O |
| 10.AB.05 | Lindbergite | Mn2+(C2O4) · 2H2O |
| 10.AB.10 | Glushinskite | Mg(C2O4) · 2H2O |
| 10.AB.15 | Moolooite | Cu(C2O4) · nH2O |
| 10.AB.20 | Stepanovite | NaMgFe3+(C2O4)3 · 8-9H2O |
| 10.AB.25 | Minguzzite | K3Fe3+(C2O4)3 · 3H2O |
| 10.AB.30 | Wheatleyite | Na2Cu(C2O4)2 · 2H2O |
| 10.AB.35 | Zhemchuzhnikovite | NaMgAl(C2O4)3 · 8H2O |
| 10.AB.40 | Weddellite | Ca(C2O4) · (2.5-x)H2O |
| 10.AB.45 | Whewellite | Ca(C2O4) · H2O |
| 10.AB.47 | Fiemmeite | Cu2(C2O4)(OH)2 · 2H2O |
| 10.AB.50 | Caoxite | Ca(C2O4) · 3H2O |
| 10.AB.50 | Middlebackite | Cu2C2O4(OH)2 |
| 10.AB.52 | Metauroxite | (UO2)2(C2O4)(OH)2(H2O)2 |
| 10.AB.55 | Oxammite | (NH4)2(C2O4) · H2O |
| 10.AB.60 | Natroxalate | Na2(C2O4) |
| 10.AB.60 | Phoxite | (NH4)2Mg2(C2O4)(PO3OH)2(H2O)4 |
| 10.AB.60 | Carboferriphoxite | [(NH4)K(H2CO3)][Fe3+(HPO4)(H2PO4)(C2O4)] |
| 10.AB.60 | Ferriphoxite | [(NH4)2K(H2O)][Fe3+(HPO4)2(C2O4)] |
| 10.AB.65 | Coskrenite-(Ce) | Ce2(SO4)2(C2O4) · 8H2O |
| 10.AB.75 | Zugshunstite-(Ce) | (Ce,Nd,La)Al(C2O4)(SO4)2 · 12H2O |
| 10.AB.80 | Novgorodovaite | Ca2(C2O4)Cl2 · 2H2O |
Fluorescence of Levinsonite-(Y)
Not fliorescent.
Other Information
Notes:
Soluble in water.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Levinsonite-(Y)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-7024.html
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References for Levinsonite-(Y)
Reference List:
Rouse, R. C., Peacor, D. R., Essene, E. J., Coskren, T. D., Lauf, R. J. (2001) The new minerals levinsonite-(Y) [(Y, Nd,Ce)Al(SO4)2(C2O4) · 12H2O] and zugshunstite-(Ce) [(Ce,Nd,La)Al(SO4)2(C2O4) · 12H2O]: Coexisting oxalates with different structures and differentiation of LREE and HREE. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 65 (7) 1101-1115 doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(00)00568-8
Rouse, R. C., Peacor, D. R., Essene, E. J., Coskren, T. D., Lauf, R. J. (2001) The new minerals levinsonite-(Y) [(Y, Nd,Ce)Al(SO4)2(C2O4) · 12H2O] and zugshunstite-(Ce) [(Ce,Nd,La)Al(SO4)2(C2O4) · 12H2O]: Coexisting oxalates with different structures and differentiation of LREE and HREE. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 65 (7) 1101-1115 doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(00)00568-8
Localities for Levinsonite-(Y)
Showing 1 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
USA (TL) | |
| Coskren et al. (2000) +2 other references |
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Alum Cave Bluff, Sevier County, Tennessee, USA