Hydrowoodwardite
A valid IMA mineral species
This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
About Hydrowoodwardite
Samuel Pickworth Woodward
Formula:
(Cu1-xAlx)(OH)2[SO4]x/2 · nH2O
( x < 0.5, n > 3x/2)
Colour:
Blue, greenish-blue, pale blue
Lustre:
Vitreous
Specific Gravity:
2.33
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Member of:
Name:
Named as the higher hydrated analogue of woodwardite. Woodwardite itself was named after Samuel Pickworth Woodward (17 September 1821 – 11 July 1865), English naturalist and geologist. In 1845, S. P. Woodward became the professor of geology and natural history in the Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester. In 1848, he was appointed assistant in the department of geology and mineralogy in the British Museum. He proposed the term Bernician Series for the lower portion of the Carboniferous System, below the Millstone Grit.
Slowly and reversibly dehydrates to woodwardite.
The range of composition currently ascribed to hydrowoodwardite may represent more than one species (Mills et al., 2012).
Compare also glaucocerinite.
The range of composition currently ascribed to hydrowoodwardite may represent more than one species (Mills et al., 2012).
Compare also glaucocerinite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
7004
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:7004:7
IMA Classification of Hydrowoodwardite
Approved
IMA Formula:
(Cu2+1-xAlx)(S6+O4)x/2(OH)2·nH2O (x < 0.5, n > 3x/2)
Approval year:
1996
First published:
1999
Classification of Hydrowoodwardite
7.DD.35
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
D : With only medium-sized cations; sheets of edge-sharing octahedra
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
D : With only medium-sized cations; sheets of edge-sharing octahedra
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Hwwd | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Hydrowoodwardite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Blue, greenish-blue, pale blue
Streak:
Pale blue
Cleavage:
None Observed
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Comment:
Brittle upon loss of water.
Density:
2.33 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.48 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Hydrowoodwardite
Type:
Uniaxial (+)
RI values:
nω = 1.549 nε = 1.565
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.016
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Low (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized uniaxial interference figure - the conoscopic
(convergent-light, Bertrand-lens-in) view, for a grain cut with the optic axis
centred and vertical. The coloured rings are isochromatics, computed with the
same physics as the Michel-Lévy bar above; the dark cross is the isogyre.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic
Chemistry of Hydrowoodwardite
Mindat Formula:
(Cu1-xAlx)(OH)2[SO4]x/2 · nH2O
( x < 0.5, n > 3x/2)
( x < 0.5, n > 3x/2)
Crystallography of Hydrowoodwardite
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3m(32/m) - Hexagonal Scalenohedral
Space Group:
R3m
Cell Parameters:
a = 3.070(7) Å, c = 31.9(2) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 10.391
Unit Cell V:
260 ų
Z:
3
Comment:
Probable space group R-3m.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 10.5 Å | (100) |
| 5.26 Å | (17) |
| 3.50 Å | (6) |
| 2.60 Å | (5b) |
| 2.46 Å | (2b) |
| 2.23 Å | (2b) |
| 1.524 Å | (4b) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47b : [Sulfates and sulfites] |
Type Occurrence of Hydrowoodwardite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Blue stalactitic aggregates and botryoidal porous crusts.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Technische Universität, Bergakademie, Freiberg, Germany, number 76639 (holotype).
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Secondary mineral in copper deposits.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Hydrowoodwardite
Other Language Names for Hydrowoodwardite
Relationship of Hydrowoodwardite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Glaucocerinite Group:
| Carrboydite | (Ni1-xAlx)(SO4)x/2(OH)2 · nH2O | Hex. |
| Glaucocerinite | (Zn1-xAlx)(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2O | Hex. |
| Hydrohonessite | (Ni1-xFe3+x)(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2O | Hex. |
| Mountkeithite | [(Mg1-xFe3+x)(OH)2][SO4]x/2 · nH2O | Hex. |
| Zincaluminite | (Zn1-xAlx)(SO4)x/2(OH)2 · nH2O |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 3 photos of Hydrowoodwardite associated with Woodwardite | Cu1-xAlx(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2O |
| 1 photo of Hydrowoodwardite associated with Serpierite | Ca(Cu2+,Zn2+)4(S6+O4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| 1 photo of Hydrowoodwardite associated with Carbonatecyanotrichite | Cu4Al2(CO3,SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O |
| 1 photo of Hydrowoodwardite associated with Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 7.DD. | Asagiite | NiCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 6H2O |
| 7.DD.05 | Felsőbányaite | Al4(SO4)(OH)10 · 4H2O |
| 7.DD.07 | Llantenesite | Cu6Al[SeO4](OH)12Cl · 3H2O |
| 7.DD.10 | Langite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| 7.DD.10 | Fehrite | MgCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 6H2O |
| 7.DD.10 | Posnjakite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · H2O |
| 7.DD.10 | Wroewolfeite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| 7.DD.10 | Gobelinite | CoCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 6H2O |
| 7.DD.15 | Kobyashevite | Cu5(SO4)2(OH)6 · 4H2O |
| 7.DD.15 | Spangolite | Cu6Al(SO4)(OH)12Cl · 3H2O |
| 7.DD.15 | 'Unnamed (Dimorph of Devilline)' | CaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| 7.DD.20 | Ktenasite | ZnCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 6H2O |
| 7.DD.25 | Christelite | Cu2Zn3(SO4)2(OH)6 · 4H2O |
| 7.DD.30 | Edwardsite | Cu3Cd2(SO4)2(OH)6 · 4H2O |
| 7.DD.30 | Niedermayrite | CdCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 4H2O |
| 7.DD.30 | Serpierite | Ca(Cu2+,Zn2+)4(S6+O4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| 7.DD.30 | Campigliaite | Mn2+Cu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 4H2O |
| 7.DD.30 | Orthoserpierite | Ca(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| 7.DD.30 | Devilline | CaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| 7.DD.35 | Shigaite | Mn6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](SO4)2 · 6H2O |
| 7.DD.35 | Zincaluminite | (Zn1-xAlx)(SO4)x/2(OH)2 · nH2O |
| 7.DD.35 | Zincowoodwardite | Zn1-xAlx(OH)2[SO4]x/2 · nH2O |
| 7.DD.35 | Natroglaucocerinite | Zn6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](SO4)2 · 6H2O |
| 7.DD.35 | Honessite | (Ni1-xFe3+x)(OH)2[SO4]x/2 · nH2O |
| 7.DD.35 | Carrboydite | (Ni1-xAlx)(SO4)x/2(OH)2 · nH2O |
| 7.DD.35 | Glaucocerinite | (Zn1-xAlx)(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2O |
| 7.DD.35 | Wermlandite | Mg7Al2(OH)18[Ca(H2O)6][SO4]2 · 6H2O |
| 7.DD.35 | Nikischerite | Fe2+6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](SO4)2 · 6H2O |
| 7.DD.35 | Hydrohonessite | (Ni1-xFe3+x)(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2O |
| 7.DD.35 | Woodwardite | Cu1-xAlx(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2O |
| 7.DD.35 | Motukoreaite | Mg6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6][SO4]2 · 6H2O |
| 7.DD.35 | Mountkeithite | [(Mg1-xFe3+x)(OH)2][SO4]x/2 · nH2O |
| 7.DD.40 | Lawsonbauerite | (Mn2+,Mg)9Zn4(SO4)2(OH)22 · 8H2O |
| 7.DD.40 | Torreyite | (Mg,Mn2+)7◻2Mn2+2Zn4(SO4)2(OH)22 · 8H2O |
| 7.DD.40 | Isselite | Cu6(SO4)(OH)10(H2O)4 · H2O |
| 7.DD.45 | Mooreite | Mg9◻2Mn2Zn4(SO4)2(OH)26 · 8H2O |
| 7.DD.45 | Hodgesmithite | (Cu,Zn)6Zn(SO4)2(OH)10 · 3H2O |
| 7.DD.47 | Lahnsteinite | Zn4(SO4)(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| 7.DD.50 | Namuwite | Zn4(SO4)(OH)6 · 4H2O |
| 7.DD.50 | Minohlite | (Cu,Zn)7(SO4)2(OH)10 · 8H2O |
| 7.DD.52 | Lauraniite | Cu6Cd2(SO4)2(OH)12 · 5H2O |
| 7.DD.55 | Bechererite | Zn7Cu(OH)13[(SiO(OH)3(SO4)] |
| 7.DD.60 | Ramsbeckite | (Cu,Zn)15(SO4)4(OH)22 · 6H2O |
| 7.DD.65 | Vonbezingite | Ca6Cu3(SO4)3(OH)12 · 2H2O |
| 7.DD.70 | Redgillite | Cu6(SO4)(OH)10 · H2O |
| 7.DD.75 | Nickelalumite | NiAl4(SO4)(OH)12(H2O)3 |
| 7.DD.75 | Kyrgyzstanite | ZnAl4(SO4)(OH)12 · 3H2O |
| 7.DD.75 | Chalcoalumite | CuAl4(SO4)(OH)12 · 3H2O |
| 7.DD.80 | Schulenbergite | (Cu,Zn)7(SO4)2(OH)10 · 3H2O |
| 7.DD.80 | 'UM1992-30-SO:CCuHZn' | (Zn,Cu)7(SO4,CO3)2(OH)10 · 3H2O |
| 7.DD.80 | Thérèsemagnanite | NaCo4(SO4)(OH)6Cl · 6H2O |
| 7.DD.80 | Guarinoite | Zn6(SO4)(OH)10 · 5H2O |
| 7.DD.85 | Montetrisaite | Cu6(SO4)(OH)10 · 2H2O |
Other Information
Notes:
Dehydrates to woodwardite in a dry atmosphere, but can be re-hydrated by immersion in water.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Hydrowoodwardite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-7004.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Hydrowoodwardite
Reference List:
Localities for Hydrowoodwardite
Showing 23 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Bolivia | |
| Cacho et al. (2019) |
| Färber (n.d.) | |
France | |
| EDS by Vincent Bourgoin - Jean Wyart ... |
Germany | |
| Der Aufschluss 2000 (2) |
| Witzke (1999) |
| Witzke (1999) |
| Hajek (2010) |
| Witzke (1999) |
| Witzke (1999) |
Greece | |
| |
| 90. +1 other reference |
Italy | |
| Tumiati et al. (2008) |
| Tumiati et al. (2008) | |
| Carbone (2008) |
| Lecca et al. (2022) |
| Conedera M. et al. (2016) |
| Bortolozzi et al. (2013) |
| Göske et al. (1997) |
| Marco Bonifazi collection |
Japan | |
| Ohe Rikosha specimens +1 other reference |
Portugal | |
| Alves (2017) |
| Alves (2017) | |
Turkey | |
| Erik vercammen finds and collection |
Quick NavTopAbout HydrowoodwarditeUnique IdentifiersIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography X-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesRelationshipsCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatOther InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
St Christoph Mine, Bärenhecke, Glashütte, Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge, Saxony, Germany