Centennialite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Centennialite
Formula:
CaCu3Cl2(OH)6 · nH2O (n ~ 0.7)
Colour:
Pale to azure blue
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Name:
For the type locality, the Centennial mine, Calumet, Houghton County, Michigan, USA.
Related to kapellasite, haydeeite and misakiite, but also to calumetite.
Probably identical to (1) "unidentified Cu-Ca-Cl mineral" of Heinrich’s Mineralogy of Michigan, and (2) hexagonal basic calcium-copper hydroxychloride monohydrate of Erdös et al. (1981).
Centennialite's structure is characterized by kagome net of planar CuO4 units with Jahn-Teller-coordinated Cl apices; thus formed octahedra share edges with flattened CaO6 octahedra. Layers in the structure are stacked along the <001> direction, and there are two Cl sites between layers, thus resembling kapellasite topology; there is however an extra c/2 site with variable water occupancy, extending the Ca coordination to 8, thus making centennialite also similar to murdochite.
Probably identical to (1) "unidentified Cu-Ca-Cl mineral" of Heinrich’s Mineralogy of Michigan, and (2) hexagonal basic calcium-copper hydroxychloride monohydrate of Erdös et al. (1981).
Centennialite's structure is characterized by kagome net of planar CuO4 units with Jahn-Teller-coordinated Cl apices; thus formed octahedra share edges with flattened CaO6 octahedra. Layers in the structure are stacked along the <001> direction, and there are two Cl sites between layers, thus resembling kapellasite topology; there is however an extra c/2 site with variable water occupancy, extending the Ca coordination to 8, thus making centennialite also similar to murdochite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
46033
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:46033:2
IMA Classification of Centennialite
Approved
IMA Formula:
CaCu2+3Cl2(OH)6·nH2O (n ~ 0.7)
Approval year:
2013
First published:
2017
Classification of Centennialite
3.DA.
3 : HALIDES
D : Oxyhalides, hydroxyhalides and related double halides
A : With Cu, etc., without Pb
3 : HALIDES
D : Oxyhalides, hydroxyhalides and related double halides
A : With Cu, etc., without Pb
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Cte | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Centennialite
Colour:
Pale to azure blue
Chemistry of Centennialite
Mindat Formula:
CaCu3Cl2(OH)6 · nH2O (n ~ 0.7)
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Centennialite
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3m(32/m) - Hexagonal Scalenohedral
Space Group:
P3m1
Cell Parameters:
a = 6.6606(9) Å, c = 5.8004(8) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 0.871
Unit Cell V:
222.85 ų
Z:
1
Morphology:
Botryoidal encrustations.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 5.799 Å | (100) |
| 2.886 Å | (51) |
| 2.583 Å | (75) |
| 2.045 Å | (32) |
| 1.665 Å | (20) |
| 1.605 Å | (17) |
| 1.600 Å | (15) |
| 1.444 Å | (11) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47g : [Halogen-bearing surface weathering minerals] | |
| Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals | <10 Ka |
| 55 : Anthropogenic mine minerals |
Type Occurrence of Centennialite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Encrustations (often botryoidal)
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Type material is deposited in the collections of the Musée de Mineralogie, Paris, France, collection number 83080 and 14073, and the Mineral Museum of the University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA, catalogue number 19588 and 8789
Geological Setting of Type Material:
A secondary alteration phase, formed due to interaction of supergene Cu mineralization with acid water
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Centennialite
Other Language Names for Centennialite
Dutch:Centennialiet
German:Centennialit
Relationship of Centennialite to other Species
Structurally related to group(s):
| Atacamite Group | A group of metal(II)-hydroxide-chloride minerals, often containing Cu. |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 1 photo of Centennialite associated with Native Copper | Cu |
| 1 photo of Centennialite associated with Calumetite | CaCu4(OH)8Cl2 · 3.5H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 3.DA. | Parahibbingite | Fe2(OH)3Cl |
| 3.DA. | Bounahasite | Cu+Cu2+2(OH)3Cl2 |
| 3.DA. | Muonionalustaite | Ni3(OH)4Cl2 · 4H2O |
| 3.DA.05 | Melanothallite | Cu2Cl2O |
| 3.DA.10c | Haydeeite | Cu3Mg(OH)6Cl2 |
| 3.DA.10b | Clinoatacamite | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
| 3.DA.10c | Paratacamite | Cu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2 |
| 3.DA.10c | Kapellasite | Cu3Zn(OH)6Cl2 |
| 3.DA.10c | Leverettite | Cu3Co(OH)6Cl2 |
| 3.DA.10a | Hibbingite | Fe2+2(OH)3Cl |
| 3.DA.10c | Paratacamite-(Ni) | Cu3(Ni,Cu)(OH)6Cl2 |
| 3.DA.10a | Kempite | Mn2+2(OH)3Cl |
| 3.DA.10c | Tondiite | Cu3Mg(OH)6Cl2 |
| 3.DA.10a | Atacamite | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
| 3.DA.10b | Belloite | Cu(OH)Cl |
| 3.DA.10c | Misakiite | Cu3Mn(OH)6Cl2 |
| 3.DA.10b | Iyoite | MnCuCl(OH)3 |
| 3.DA.10c | Kuliginite | Fe3Mg(OH)6Cl2 |
| 3.DA.10c | Gillardite | Cu3Ni(OH)6Cl2 |
| 3.DA.10b | 'Unnamed (Cu-Zn Chloride Hydroxide)' | CuZnCl(OH)3 |
| 3.DA.10b | Botallackite | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
| 3.DA.10c | Herbertsmithite | Cu3Zn(OH)6Cl2 |
| 3.DA.15 | Claringbullite | Cu4ClF(OH)6 |
| 3.DA.15 | Barlowite | Cu4BrF(OH)6 |
| 3.DA.20 | Simonkolleite | Zn5Cl2(OH)8 · H2O |
| 3.DA.25 | Buttgenbachite | Cu19(NO3)2(OH)32Cl4 · 2H2O |
| 3.DA.25 | Connellite | Cu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O |
| 3.DA.30 | Abhurite | Sn21Cl16(OH)14O6 |
| 3.DA.35 | Ponomarevite | K4Cu4Cl10O |
| 3.DA.40 | Calumetite | CaCu4(OH)8Cl2 · 3.5H2O |
| 3.DA.40 | Anthonyite | Cu(OH,Cl)2 · 3H2O |
| 3.DA.45 | Khaidarkanite | Cu4Al3(OH)14F3 · 2H2O |
| 3.DA.50 | Bobkingite | Cu5Cl2(OH)8 · 2H2O |
| 3.DA.55 | Avdoninite | K2Cu5(OH)4Cl8 · H2O |
| 3.DA.60 | Droninoite | Ni6Fe3+2(OH)16Cl2 · 4H2O |
| 3.DA.70 | Chrysothallite | K6Cu6Tl3+Cl17(OH)4 · H2O |
| 3.DA.70 | Dioskouriite | CaCu4Cl6(OH)4 · 4H2O |
| 3.DA.75 | Feodosiyite | Cu11Mg2Cl18(OH)8 · 16H2O |
| 3.DA.80 | Romanorlovite | K8Cu6Cl17(OH)3 |
Other Information
Magnetism:
Antiferromagnetic
Notes:
Indivisible from the other associated Cu-bearing minerals
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Centennialite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-46033.html
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References for Centennialite
Reference List:
Williams, P. A., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S. J. (2014) New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2014, CNMNC Newsletter No 19. Mineralogical Magazine, 78 (1) 165-170 doi:10.1180/minmag.2014.078.1.12
Localities for Centennialite
Showing 1 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
USA (TL) | |
| Williams et al. (2014) +2 other references |
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Centennial Mine, Centennial Heights, Calumet Township, Houghton County, Michigan, USA