Claringbullite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Claringbullite
Gordon F. Claringbull
Formula:
Cu4ClF(OH)6
Originally assumed to be Cu4(OH)7Cl.nH2O.
Colour:
Blue
Lustre:
Pearly
Specific Gravity:
3.9
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Name:
Named in honor of Gordon Frank Claringbull (21 August 1911 - 23 November 1990), former Keeper of Mineralogy and Director of the British Natural History Museum, London, England. He helped describe six new minerals including the rare gemstones taaffeite, sinhalite, and painite.
Co-Type Localities:
Isostructural with:
This page provides mineralogical data about Claringbullite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1058
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1058:6
IMA Classification of Claringbullite
Approved
IMA status notes:
Redefined by the IMA
IMA Formula:
Cu2+4ClF(OH)6
Approval year:
1976
First published:
1977
Approval history:
Originally approved with the formula Cu4Cl(OH)7. Redefined by IMA in 2016, as it was recognised that the correct formula of claringbullite is Cu2+4FCl(OH)6.
Classification of Claringbullite
3.DA.15
3 : HALIDES
D : Oxyhalides, hydroxyhalides and related double halides
A : With Cu, etc., without Pb
3 : HALIDES
D : Oxyhalides, hydroxyhalides and related double halides
A : With Cu, etc., without Pb
10.5.6.1
10 : OXYHALIDES AND HYDROXYHALIDES
5 : Am(O,OH)pXq
10 : OXYHALIDES AND HYDROXYHALIDES
5 : Am(O,OH)pXq
8.2.10
8 : Halides - Fluorides, Chlorides, Bromides and Iodides; also Fluoborates and Fluosilicates
2 : Halides of Cu
8 : Halides - Fluorides, Chlorides, Bromides and Iodides; also Fluoborates and Fluosilicates
2 : Halides of Cu
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Cgb | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Pronunciation of Claringbullite
Pronunciation:
| Play | Recorded by | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Claringbullite
Pearly
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Blue
Comment:
Pale blue in transmitted light.
Comment:
"soft"
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect on {0001}; distinct on {1010} and {1120}.
Perfect on {0001}; distinct on {1010} and {1120}.
Density:
3.9 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.99 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Claringbullite
Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 1.782 nε = 1.78
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.002
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized uniaxial interference figure - the conoscopic
(convergent-light, Bertrand-lens-in) view, for a grain cut with the optic axis
centred and vertical. The coloured rings are isochromatics, computed with the
same physics as the Michel-Lévy bar above; the dark cross is the isogyre.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
Pleochroism:
Not Visible
Chemistry of Claringbullite
Mindat Formula:
Cu4ClF(OH)6
Originally assumed to be Cu4(OH)7Cl.nH2O.
Originally assumed to be Cu4(OH)7Cl.nH2O.
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Claringbullite
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Class (H-M):
6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) - Dihexagonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:
P63/mmc
Cell Parameters:
a = 6.6733(5) Å, c = 9.185(1) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 1.376
Unit Cell V:
354.23 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Thin plates in slightly divergent groups. Crystals are flattened on {0001}.
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
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Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
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View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
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Rotation
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Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0005432 | Claringbullite | Burns P C, Cooper M A, Hawthorne F C (1995) Claringbullite: A Cu oxysalt with Cu in trigonal-prismatic coordination The Canadian Mineralogist 33 633-639 |  | 1995 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 5.75 Å | (very very strong) |
| 4.89 Å | (strong) |
| 4.58 Å | (strong) |
| 2.889 Å | (medium strong) |
| 2.700 Å | (very very strong) |
| 2.445 Å | (very strong) |
| 1.797 Å | (medium strong) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47g : [Halogen-bearing surface weathering minerals] | |
| Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals | <10 Ka |
| 56 : Slag and smelter minerals (see also #51 and #55) |
Type Occurrence of Claringbullite
Co-Type Localities:
General Appearance of Type Material:
Slightly divergent group of blue plates up to 1 mm across on cuprite.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
The Natural History Museum, London, England, number 1976,109 (Zambian).
University of Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris; National School of Mines, Paris, France (Katangan).
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, number 145660.
University of Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris; National School of Mines, Paris, France (Katangan).
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, number 145660.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Claringbullite
Other Language Names for Claringbullite
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 23 photos of Claringbullite associated with Cuprite | Cu2O |
| 11 photos of Claringbullite associated with Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 11 photos of Claringbullite associated with Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| 6 photos of Claringbullite associated with Atacamite | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
| 5 photos of Claringbullite associated with Spangolite | Cu6Al(SO4)(OH)12Cl · 3H2O |
| 2 photos of Claringbullite associated with Diaboleite | Pb2CuCl2(OH)4 |
| 2 photos of Claringbullite associated with Connellite | Cu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O |
| 1 photo of Claringbullite associated with Paramelaconite | Cu+2Cu2+2O3 |
| 1 photo of Claringbullite associated with Tenorite | CuO |
| 1 photo of Claringbullite associated with Buttgenbachite | Cu19(NO3)2(OH)32Cl4 · 2H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 3.DA. | Parahibbingite | Fe2(OH)3Cl |
| 3.DA. | Centennialite | CaCu3Cl2(OH)6 · nH2O (n ~ 0.7) |
| 3.DA. | Bounahasite | Cu+Cu2+2(OH)3Cl2 |
| 3.DA. | Muonionalustaite | Ni3(OH)4Cl2 · 4H2O |
| 3.DA.05 | Melanothallite | Cu2Cl2O |
| 3.DA.10c | Haydeeite | Cu3Mg(OH)6Cl2 |
| 3.DA.10b | Clinoatacamite | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
| 3.DA.10c | Paratacamite | Cu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2 |
| 3.DA.10c | Kapellasite | Cu3Zn(OH)6Cl2 |
| 3.DA.10c | Leverettite | Cu3Co(OH)6Cl2 |
| 3.DA.10a | Hibbingite | Fe2+2(OH)3Cl |
| 3.DA.10c | Paratacamite-(Ni) | Cu3(Ni,Cu)(OH)6Cl2 |
| 3.DA.10a | Kempite | Mn2+2(OH)3Cl |
| 3.DA.10c | Tondiite | Cu3Mg(OH)6Cl2 |
| 3.DA.10a | Atacamite | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
| 3.DA.10b | Belloite | Cu(OH)Cl |
| 3.DA.10c | Misakiite | Cu3Mn(OH)6Cl2 |
| 3.DA.10b | Iyoite | MnCuCl(OH)3 |
| 3.DA.10c | Kuliginite | Fe3Mg(OH)6Cl2 |
| 3.DA.10c | Gillardite | Cu3Ni(OH)6Cl2 |
| 3.DA.10b | 'Unnamed (Cu-Zn Chloride Hydroxide)' | CuZnCl(OH)3 |
| 3.DA.10b | Botallackite | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
| 3.DA.10c | Herbertsmithite | Cu3Zn(OH)6Cl2 |
| 3.DA.15 | Barlowite | Cu4BrF(OH)6 |
| 3.DA.20 | Simonkolleite | Zn5Cl2(OH)8 · H2O |
| 3.DA.25 | Buttgenbachite | Cu19(NO3)2(OH)32Cl4 · 2H2O |
| 3.DA.25 | Connellite | Cu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O |
| 3.DA.30 | Abhurite | Sn21Cl16(OH)14O6 |
| 3.DA.35 | Ponomarevite | K4Cu4Cl10O |
| 3.DA.40 | Calumetite | CaCu4(OH)8Cl2 · 3.5H2O |
| 3.DA.40 | Anthonyite | Cu(OH,Cl)2 · 3H2O |
| 3.DA.45 | Khaidarkanite | Cu4Al3(OH)14F3 · 2H2O |
| 3.DA.50 | Bobkingite | Cu5Cl2(OH)8 · 2H2O |
| 3.DA.55 | Avdoninite | K2Cu5(OH)4Cl8 · H2O |
| 3.DA.60 | Droninoite | Ni6Fe3+2(OH)16Cl2 · 4H2O |
| 3.DA.70 | Chrysothallite | K6Cu6Tl3+Cl17(OH)4 · H2O |
| 3.DA.70 | Dioskouriite | CaCu4Cl6(OH)4 · 4H2O |
| 3.DA.75 | Feodosiyite | Cu11Mg2Cl18(OH)8 · 16H2O |
| 3.DA.80 | Romanorlovite | K8Cu6Cl17(OH)3 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Claringbullite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1058.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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Mineral Dealers:
References for Claringbullite
Reference List:
Fejer, E. E., Clark, A. M., Couper, A. G., Elliott, C. J. (1977) Claringbullite, a new hydrated copper chloride. Mineralogical Magazine, 41 (320) 433-436 doi:10.1180/minmag.1977.041.320.02
Fleischer, Michael; Pabst, Adolf, White, John Sampson (1978) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 63 (7-8). 793-796 p.793
Frost, Ray L., Williams, Peter A., Kloprogge, J. Theo, Martens, Wayde (2003) Raman spectroscopy of the copper chloride minerals nantokite, eriochalcite and claringbullite – implications for copper corrosion. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Monatshefte, 2003 (10) 433-445 doi:10.1127/0028-3649/2003/2003-0433
Localities for Claringbullite
Showing 19 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| collections.museumvictoria.com.au (n.d.) +2 other references |
| collections.museumvictoria.com.au (n.d.) |
DR Congo (TL) | |
| Fejer et al. (1977) +1 other reference |
| Xiangqian Li et al. (2009) |
| Joy Desor (Raman and EDS analyses) |
France | |
| Sarp et al. (1996) |
Germany | |
| van den Berg et al. (1990) |
Greece | |
| |
| Rieck et al. (1999) |
Hungary | |
| Szakáll et al. (2013) |
| GEODA 2010/1 | |
India | |
| Sarkar et al. (1996) |
Italy | |
| Rivista Mineralogica Italiana (Avril/Juin) |
Mexico | |
| Williams et al. (2012) |
| Hedegaard (2009) +1 other reference | |
USA | |
| Fejer et al. (1977) +2 other references |
| Graeme (1993) +1 other reference | |
| Graeme (1993) +2 other references |
Zambia (TL) | |
| Mineralogical Magazine (1977) |
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Bisbee, Cochise County, Arizona, USA