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Xingzhongite

A valid IMA mineral species - questionable
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00062010017811734726662.jpg
Xingzhongite

Dongbo ophiolite, Zanda County, Ngari, Tibet, China
00062010017811734726662.jpg
Xingzhongite

Dongbo ophiolite, Zanda County, Ngari, Tibet, China
00062010017811734726662.jpg
Xingzhongite

Dongbo ophiolite, Zanda County, Ngari, Tibet, China
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About XingzhongiteHide

Formula:
Pb2+Ir3+2S4
Colour:
Steel-grey
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
6
Crystal System:
Isometric
Name:
Named after its unspecified discovery locality.
Type Locality:
ⓘ China
Formula redefined by Bosi et al. (2019), but status as a mineral species still remains questionable.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
4339
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4339:3

IMA Classification of XingzhongiteHide

IMA status:
Approved, Questionable
IMA status notes:
Redefined by the IMA
IMA Formula:
Pb2+Ir3+2S2-4
Approval year:
1980
First published:
1974
Approval history:
Formula redefined by IMA as Pb2+Ir3+2S4 (Bosi et al., 2019).
Type description reference:
Yu Zuxiang, Lin Shujen, Chao Pao, Fang Chingsung, and Huang Chishun (1974) A preliminary study of some new minerals of the platinum-group and another associated new one in a platinum-bearing intrusion in a region of China. Acta Geologica Sinica: 48(2): 202-218 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Classification of XingzhongiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):
2.DA.05

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
D : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 3 :4 and 2:3
A : M:S = 3:4
Dana 8th ed.:
2.8.4.1

2 : SULFIDES
8 : AmXp, with m:p = 1:1
Hey's CIM Ref.:
3.12.6

3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
12 : Sulphides etc. of the platinum metals

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference for Standard
XinIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of XingzhongiteHide

Lustre:
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Steel-grey
Hardness:
6 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN50=753 kg/mm2 - Vickers

Optical Data of XingzhongiteHide

Type:
Isotropic
Reflectivity:
WavelengthR1 (%)
466nm40.5%
544nm38.9%
589nm41.1%
656nm41.0%


Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 41.1%.
Colour in reflected light:
Bluish gray

Chemistry of XingzhongiteHide

Mindat Formula:
Pb2+Ir3+2S4
Element Weights:
Element% weight
Ir53.402 %
Pb28.782 %
S17.817 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.
Elements listed:
Ir, Pb, S - search for minerals with similar chemistry
Common Impurities:
Pb,Fe,Ir,Pt

Crystallography of XingzhongiteHide

Crystal System:
Isometric
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.970 Å
Unit Cell V:
991.03 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
8
Comment:
Cubic or pseudocubic. Space group not determined.

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
5.99 Å(60)
3.02 Å(80)
1.769 Å(70)
1.506 Å(60)
1.340 Å(60)
1.208 Å(100)
1.034 Å(80)
1.020 Å(80)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere>4.45
12 : Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits (see also #33)
Near-surface Processes
26 : Hadean detrital minerals
High-? alteration and/or metamorphism
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks>3.0
37 : Layered igneous intrusions and related PGE minerals

Type Occurrence of XingzhongiteHide

Other Language Names for XingzhongiteHide

Relationship of Xingzhongite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Linnaeite Subgroup > Thiospinel Group > Spinel Supergroup
Other Members of Linnaeite Subgroup:
CadmoinditeCdIn2S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Cuprorhodsite(Cu+0.5Fe3+0.5)Rh3+2S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
DaubréeliteFe2+Cr3+2S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
GreigiteFe2+Fe3+2S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
GrimmiteNiCo2S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
InditeFeIn2S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
JoegoldsteiniteMnCr2S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
KalininiteZnCr2S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
LinnaeiteCo2+Co3+2S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
PolydymiteNi2+Ni3+2S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
SiegeniteCoNi2S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Tarkianite(Cu,Fe)(Re,Mo)4S8Iso. 43m : F43m
ViolariteFe2+Ni3+2S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

2.DA.FerrodimolybdeniteFeMo2S4Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.DA.ZaykoviteRh3Se4Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.DA.EzochiiteCu+(Rh3+Pt4+)S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.GrimmiteNiCo2S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.ZolenskyiteFeCr2S4Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.DA.05ShiranuiiteCu+(Rh3+Rh4+)S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05FletcheriteCuNi2S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05Florensovite(Cu,Zn)Cr1.5Sb0.5S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m)
2.DA.05SiegeniteCoNi2S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05CadmoinditeCdIn2S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05KalininiteZnCr2S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05ViolariteFe2+Ni3+2S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05NickeltyrrelliteCuNi2Se4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05LinnaeiteCo2+Co3+2S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05CarrolliteCuCo2S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05Cuproiridsite(Cu,Fe)Ir2S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05Cuprorhodsite(Cu+0.5Fe3+0.5)Rh3+2S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05BerndlehmanniteCu(CrV)S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05PolydymiteNi2+Ni3+2S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05TrüstedtiteNi3Se4Iso.
2.DA.05DaubréeliteFe2+Cr3+2S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05CuprokalininiteCu(Cr3+Cr4+)S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05GreigiteFe2+Fe3+2S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05JoegoldsteiniteMnCr2S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05BornhardtiteCo2+Co3+2Se4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05TyrrelliteCu(Co,Ni)2Se4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05InditeFeIn2S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05MalaniteCu+(Ir3+Pt4+)S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m)
2.DA.10RhodostanniteCu+(Fe2+0.5Sn4+1.5)S4Tet. 4/m : I41/a
2.DA.10ToyohaiteAg+(Fe2+0.5Sn4+1.5)S4Tet. 4/m : I41/a
2.DA.15BrezinaiteCr3S4Mon. 2/m
2.DA.15Heideite(Fe,Cr)1.15(Ti,Fe)2S4Mon. 2/m
2.DA.20KonderiteCu3Pb(Rh,Pt,Ir)8S16Hex. 6/m : P6/m
2.DA.20InaglyiteCu3Pb(Ir,Pt)8S16Hex.
2.DA.25KingstoniteRh3S4Mon. 2/m : B2/m

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for XingzhongiteHide

References for XingzhongiteHide

Reference List:
Yu Zuxiang, Lin Shujen, Chao Pao, Fang Chingsung, and Huang Chishun (1974) A preliminary study of some new minerals of the platinum-group and another associated new one in a platinum-bearing intrusion in a region of China. Acta Geologica Sinica: 48(2): 202-218 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Fleischer, Michael, Pabst, Adolf, Mandarino, Joseph A., Chao, George Y., Cabri, Louis, J. (1976) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 61 (1-2) 174-186 p.185
Peng, Z., Chang, C., Ximen, L. (1978): Discussion on published articles in the research of new minerals of the platinum-group discovered in China in recent years. Acta Geologica Sinica, 4, 326-336.
Fleischer, Michael, Cabri, Louis J., Pabst, Adolf (1980) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 65 (3-4) 406-408
Dunn, Pete J.; Cabri, Louis J.; Chao, George Y.; Fleischer, Michael; Francis, Carl A.; Grice, Joel D.; Jambor, John L.; Pabst, Adolf (1984) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 69 (3-4). 406-412
Augé, T. (1988): Platinum-group minerals in the Tiébaghi and Vuorinos ophiolite complexes: genetic implications. Canadian Mineralogist 26, 177-192.
Jambor, John L. (1989) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 74 (9-10) 1215-1220
Furubayashi, T., Matsumoto, T., Hagino, T., Nagata, S. (1994) Structural and magnetic studies of metal-insulator transition in thiospinel CuIr2S4. Journal of the Physical Society of Japan: 63: 3333-3339.
Garuti, G., Gazzotti, M., and Torres-Ruiz, J. (1995) Iridium, rhodium, and platinum sulfides in chromitites from the ultramafic massifs of Finero, Italy, and Ojen, Spain. Canadian Mineralogist: 33: 509-520.
(2005) Xingzhongite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America
Bosi, Ferdinando, Biagioni, Cristian, Pasero, Marco (2019) Nomenclature and classification of the spinel supergroup. European Journal of Mineralogy, 31 (1) 183-192 doi:10.1127/ejm/2019/0031-2788

Localities for XingzhongiteHide

Showing 12 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
China (TL)
 
  • Tibet
    • Ngari
      • Zanda County
Yuan et al. (2025)
Finland
 
Törnroos et al. (1998)
    • Enontekiö
33rd International Geological Congress (2008)
France
 
  • New Caledonia
    • Northern Province
      • Koumac
        • Tiébaghi Massif (Tiébaghi Ophiolite Complex)
Augé (1988) +1 other reference
Kazakhstan
 
  • Aktobe Region
    • Kargaly District
doi.org (n.d.) +1 other reference
Russia
 
  • Chelyabinsk Oblast
    • Miass River
Zaykov et al. (2017)
  • Kemerovo Oblast
Zhmodik et al. (2016)
  • Sverdlovsk Oblast
    • Kachkanar
Stepanov et al. (2019)
    • Nizhnyaya Tura
Stepanov et al. (2019)
USA
 
  • Alaska
    • Bethel Census Area
      • Goodnews Bay
        • Salmon River - Red Mountain District
USGS Open-File Report 01-269 +1 other reference
Anthony et al. (1990)
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