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Kalininite

A valid IMA mineral species

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Florensovite, etc.

Pereval marble quarry, Slyudyanka, Slyudyansky District, Irkutsk Oblast, Russia

Florensovite, etc.

Pereval marble quarry, Slyudyanka, Slyudyansky District, Irkutsk Oblast, Russia

Florensovite, etc.

Pereval marble quarry, Slyudyanka, Slyudyansky District, Irkutsk Oblast, Russia

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About KalininiteHide

Pavel V. Kalinin

Formula:

ZnCr₂S₄

Colour:

Black

Lustre:

Adamantine

Hardness:

Specific Gravity:

4.045 (Calculated)

Crystal System:

Isometric

Member of:

Linnaeite Subgroup > Thiospinel Group > Spinel Supergroup

Name:

Named by L.Z. Reznickij, E.V. Skl'arov, Z.F. Ustschapovskaya in 1985 in honor of Pavel Vasil’evich Kalinin (Павeл Васильевич Калинин) (1905–1981), Russian mineralogist and petrologist, Moscow Geological Exploration Institute, investigator of the southern Baikal region.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Pereval marble quarry, Slyudyanka, Slyudyansky District, Irkutsk Oblast, Russia

The Zn analogue of cuprokalininite.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

2138

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:2138:4

Similar NamesHide

Kalicinite	A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered	KHCO₃
Kalinite	A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered	KAl(SO₄)₂ · 11H₂O

IMA Classification of KalininiteHide

IMA status:

Approved

IMA Formula:

Zn²⁺Cr³⁺₂S^2-₄

Approval year:

1984

First published:

1985

Type description reference:

Reznickij, L.Z., Skl'arov, E.V., Ustschapovskaya, Z.F. (1985) Kalininite ZnCr2S4 - a new natural sulphospinel. Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva: 114: 622-627 (in Russian).

Classification of KalininiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

2.DA.05

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
D : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 3 :4 and 2:3
A : M:S = 3:4

Dana 8th ed.:

2.10.1.13

2 : SULFIDES
10 : A_mB_nX_p, with (m+n):p = 3:4

Hey's CIM Ref.:

3.8.3

3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
8 : Sulphides etc. of Cr, Mo, W an Mn

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Kal	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of KalininiteHide

Lustre:

Adamantine

Colour:

Black

Comment:

Sometimes is tarnished

Hardness:

5 on Mohs scale

Hardness:

VHN₅₀=468 kg/mm² - Vickers

Density:

4.045 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of KalininiteHide

Reflectivity:

Wavelength	R₁ (%)
440nm	34.4%
460nm	35.2%
480nm	35.3%
500nm	35.4%
520nm	35.4%
540nm	35.2%
560nm	35.3%
580nm	35.2%
600nm	34.8%
620nm	34.1%
640nm	33.8%
660nm	32.7%
680nm	32.5%

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 35.4%.

Colour in reflected light:

light creamy

Internal Reflections:

None

Chemistry of KalininiteHide

Mindat Formula:

ZnCr₂S₄

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
S	43.094 %
Cr	34.940 %
Zn	21.967 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Cr, S, Zn - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Common Impurities:

Cu,V,Sb

Crystallography of KalininiteHide

Crystal System:

Isometric

Class (H-M):

m3m(4/m32/m) - Hexoctahedral

Space Group:

Fd3m

Setting:

Fd3m

Cell Parameters:

a = 9.997(1) Å

Unit Cell V:

999.10 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Crystal StructureHide

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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Year	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0008103	Kalininite	Wittlinger J, Werner S, Schulz H (1997) On the amorphisation of ZnCr2S4 spinel under high pressure: x-ray diffraction studies Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 24 597-600	1997	0	293
0012908	Kalininite	Raccah P M, Bouchard R J, Wold A (1966) Locality: synthetic Crystallographic study of chromium spinels Journal of Applied Physics 37 1436-1437	1966	0	293
0008104	Kalininite	Wittlinger J, Werner S, Schulz H (1997) On the amorphisation of ZnCr2S4 spinel under high pressure: x-ray diffraction studies Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 24 597-600	1997	1.06	293
0008105	Kalininite	Wittlinger J, Werner S, Schulz H (1997) On the amorphisation of ZnCr2S4 spinel under high pressure: x-ray diffraction studies Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 24 597-600	1997	4.2	293
0008106	Kalininite	Wittlinger J, Werner S, Schulz H (1997) On the amorphisation of ZnCr2S4 spinel under high pressure: x-ray diffraction studies Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 24 597-600	1997	7.19	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Kalininite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Wittlinger J'
'Werner S'
'Schulz H'
_journal_name_full 'Physics and Chemistry of Minerals'
_journal_volume 24 
_journal_year 1997
_journal_page_first 597
_journal_page_last 600
_publ_section_title
;
 On the amorphisation of ZnCr2S4 spinel under high pressure:
 x-ray diffraction studies
 Sample: P = 0 GPa
;
_database_code_amcsd 0008103
_chemical_formula_sum 'Zn Cr2 S4'
_cell_length_a 9.9736
_cell_length_b 9.9736
_cell_length_c 9.9736
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 992.101
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      3.986
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'F d 3 m'
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  '1/4+y,1/4+z,-x'
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  '1/2+z,1/4-x,3/4-y'
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  '1/2+x,3/4-y,1/4-z'
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  '1/4-y,1/2+x,3/4-z'
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  '1/4+x,1/2-z,3/4+y'
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loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
Zn   0.12500   0.12500   0.12500
Cr   0.50000   0.50000   0.50000
S   0.25958   0.25958   0.25958
loop_
_atom_site_aniso_label
_atom_site_aniso_U_11
_atom_site_aniso_U_22
_atom_site_aniso_U_33
_atom_site_aniso_U_12
_atom_site_aniso_U_13
_atom_site_aniso_U_23
Zn 0.00848 0.00848 0.00848 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
Cr 0.00600 0.00600 0.00600 0.00008 0.00008 0.00008
S 0.00652 0.00652 0.00652 -0.00030 -0.00030 -0.00030

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation and alteration	4.566-4.550
5 : Primary asteroid phases	4.566–4.560
High-? alteration and/or metamorphism
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics	<3.5-2.5
40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies)

Type Occurrence of KalininiteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Pereval marble quarry, Slyudyanka, Slyudyansky District, Irkutsk Oblast, Russia

General Appearance of Type Material:

Irregular, soft, slag-like aggregates up to 0.5mm

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Mining Institute, St. Petersburg, 1098/1; A.E. Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 88049.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

In diopside-quartz-calcite rocks

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Baryte	Calcite	Diopside	Eskolaite	Goldmanite
Karelianite	Pyrite	Quartz	Tremolite	Uvarovite
Zircon

Reference:

Reznickij, L.Z., Skl'arov, E.V., Ustschapovskaya, Z.F. (1985) Kalininite ZnCr2S4 - a new natural sulphospinel. Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva: 114: 622-627 (in Russian).

Synonyms of KalininiteHide

IMA1984-028

Other Language Names for KalininiteHide

Dutch:Kalininiet

German:Kalininit

Russian:Калининит

Spanish:Kalininita

Relationship of Kalininite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Linnaeite Subgroup > Thiospinel Group > Spinel Supergroup

Other Members of Linnaeite Subgroup:

Cadmoindite	CdIn₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Cuprorhodsite	(Cu⁺_0.5Fe³⁺_0.5)Rh³⁺₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Daubréelite	Fe²⁺Cr³⁺₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Greigite	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Grimmite	NiCo₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Indite	FeIn₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Joegoldsteinite	MnCr₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Linnaeite	Co²⁺Co³⁺₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Polydymite	Ni²⁺Ni³⁺₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Siegenite	CoNi₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Tarkianite	(Cu,Fe)(Re,Mo)₄S₈	Iso. 43m : F43m
Violarite	Fe²⁺Ni³⁺₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Xingzhongite	Pb²⁺Ir³⁺₂S₄	Iso.

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

1 photo of Kalininite associated with Florensovite	(Cu,Zn)Cr_1.5Sb_0.5S₄
1 photo of Kalininite associated with Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

2.DA.	Ferrodimolybdenite	FeMo₂S₄	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.DA.	Zaykovite	Rh₃Se₄	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.DA.	Ezochiite	Cu⁺(Rh³⁺Pt⁴⁺)S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.	Grimmite	NiCo₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.	Zolenskyite	FeCr₂S₄	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.DA.05	Shiranuiite	Cu⁺(Rh³⁺Rh⁴⁺)S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Fletcherite	CuNi₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Florensovite	(Cu,Zn)Cr_1.5Sb_0.5S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m)
2.DA.05	Siegenite	CoNi₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Cadmoindite	CdIn₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Violarite	Fe²⁺Ni³⁺₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Nickeltyrrellite	CuNi₂Se₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Linnaeite	Co²⁺Co³⁺₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Carrollite	CuCo₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Cuproiridsite	(Cu,Fe)Ir₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Cuprorhodsite	(Cu⁺_0.5Fe³⁺_0.5)Rh³⁺₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Berndlehmannite	Cu(CrV)S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Polydymite	Ni²⁺Ni³⁺₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Trüstedtite	Ni₃Se₄	Iso.
2.DA.05	Daubréelite	Fe²⁺Cr³⁺₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Cuprokalininite	Cu(Cr³⁺Cr⁴⁺)S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Greigite	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Joegoldsteinite	MnCr₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Bornhardtite	Co²⁺Co³⁺₂Se₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Tyrrellite	Cu(Co,Ni)₂Se₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Indite	FeIn₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05	Xingzhongite	Pb²⁺Ir³⁺₂S₄	Iso.
2.DA.05	Malanite	Cu⁺(Ir³⁺Pt⁴⁺)S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m)
2.DA.10	Rhodostannite	Cu⁺(Fe²⁺_0.5Sn⁴⁺_1.5)S₄	Tet. 4/m : I4₁/a
2.DA.10	Toyohaite	Ag⁺(Fe²⁺_0.5Sn⁴⁺_1.5)S₄	Tet. 4/m : I4₁/a
2.DA.15	Brezinaite	Cr₃S₄	Mon. 2/m
2.DA.15	Heideite	(Fe,Cr)_1.15(Ti,Fe)₂S₄	Mon. 2/m
2.DA.20	Konderite	Cu₃Pb(Rh,Pt,Ir)₈S₁₆	Hex. 6/m : P6/m
2.DA.20	Inaglyite	Cu₃Pb(Ir,Pt)₈S₁₆	Hex.
2.DA.25	Kingstonite	Rh₃S₄	Mon. 2/m : B2/m

Other InformationHide

Notes:

Strongly magnetic.
Insoluble in HCl.
Poorly wets in water.

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

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References for KalininiteHide

Reference List:

Raccah, P. M., Bouchard, R. J., Wold, A. (1966) Crystallographic Study of Chromium Spinels. Journal of Applied Physics, 37 (3). 1436-1437 doi:10.1063/1.1708502

Reznickij, L.Z., Skl'arov, E.V., Ustschapovskaya, Z.F. (1985) Kalininite ZnCr2S4 - a new natural sulphospinel. Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva: 114: 622-627 (in Russian).

Hawthorne, F.C., Bladh, K.W., Burke, E.A.J, Grew, E.S., Langley, R.H., Puciewicz, J., Roberts, A.C., Schedler, R.A., Shigley, J.E., Vanko, D.A. (1987) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 72: 222-230.

Wittlinger, J., Werner, S., Schulz, H. (1997) On the amorphisation of ZnCr2S4 spinel under high pressure: x-ray diffraction studies. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 24 (8). 597-600 doi:10.1007/s002690050077

Wittlinger, J., Werner, S., Schulz, H. (1998) Comparison of the High Pressure Structures of Spinel Single Crystals with Composition Mg0.4Al2.4O4 and ZnCr2S4. THE REVIEW OF HIGH PRESSURE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 7. 49-54 doi:10.4131/jshpreview.7.49

(2005) Kalininite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for KalininiteHide

Showing 8 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


China
Shaanxi Shangluo Shanyang County ⓘ Zhongcun V deposit	Fu et al. (2025)

Indonesia
Maluku Province Seram Island ⓘ Tamilouw-Haya deposit	Samalehu et al. (2021)

Russia
Buryatia Baunt District ⓘ Uakit iron meteorite	Sharygin (IIAB) +2 other references
Chelyabinsk Oblast Plastovsky District Svetlyi ⓘ Svetlinsky pegmatite quarry	Korinevsky et al. (2022)
Irkutsk Oblast Slyudyansky District Slyudyanka ⓘ Pereval marble quarry (TL)	Reznickij et al. (1985) +2 other references
Kamchatka Krai Yelizovsky District Mutnovskoe ⓘ Mutnovsky volcano	Bortnikova et al. (2009, February)
ⓘ Severo‐Mutnovsky thermal fields	Bortnikova et al. (2009, February)
Sverdlovsk Oblast Karpinsk Urban Okrug ⓘ Kosva massif	Sharygin et al. (2014)

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Kalininite

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