Thorikosite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Thorikosite
Formula:
Pb3Cl2(OH)(SbO3,AsO3)
Colour:
Light yellow
Lustre:
Vitreous, Waxy
Hardness:
3
Specific Gravity:
7.24 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Name:
Named after the ancient site of Thorikos, near the discovery locality at Thorikos Bay slag locality.
This page provides mineralogical data about Thorikosite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3945
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3945:7
IMA Classification of Thorikosite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Pb2+3O3Sb3+(OH)Cl2
Approval year:
1984
Classification of Thorikosite
3.DC.40
3 : HALIDES
D : Oxyhalides, hydroxyhalides and related double halides
C : With Pb (As,Sb,Bi), without Cu
3 : HALIDES
D : Oxyhalides, hydroxyhalides and related double halides
C : With Pb (As,Sb,Bi), without Cu
10.2.6.1
10 : OXYHALIDES AND HYDROXYHALIDES
2 : A(O,OH)Xq
10 : OXYHALIDES AND HYDROXYHALIDES
2 : A(O,OH)Xq
24.3.7
24 : Antimonates and Antimonites
3 : Antimonates of Ti and Pb
24 : Antimonates and Antimonites
3 : Antimonates of Ti and Pb
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Thk | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Thorikosite
Vitreous, Waxy
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Light yellow
Hardness:
3 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Very brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
{001}
{001}
Density:
7.24 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Thorikosite
Type:
Uniaxial
Chemistry of Thorikosite
Mindat Formula:
Pb3Cl2(OH)(SbO3,AsO3)
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Thorikosite
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) - Ditetragonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:
I4/mmm
Setting:
I4/mmm
Cell Parameters:
a = 3.919(1) Å, c = 12.854(5) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 3.28
Unit Cell V:
197.42 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
1
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0013547 | Thorikosite | Rouse R C, Dunn P J (1985) The structure of thorisokite, a naturally occurring member of the bismuth oxyhalide group Journal of Solid State Chemistry 57 389-395 | 1985 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2.891 Å | (10) |
| 3.754 Å | (7) |
| 2.775 Å | (5) |
| 6.39 Å | (3) |
| 3.203 Å | (3) |
| 2.099 Å | (3) |
| 1.621 Å | (3) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47d : [Arsenates, antimonates, selenates, bismuthinates] | |
| 47g : [Halogen-bearing surface weathering minerals] | |
| 47h : [Near-surface oxidized, dehydrated minerals] | |
| Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals | <10 Ka |
| 56 : Slag and smelter minerals (see also #51 and #55) |
Type Occurrence of Thorikosite
Co-Type Localities:
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 161928, 149042.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Smelting slag
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Thorikosite
Other Language Names for Thorikosite
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 25 photos of Thorikosite associated with Paralaurionite | PbCl(OH) |
| 22 photos of Thorikosite associated with Fluorite | CaF2 |
| 13 photos of Thorikosite associated with Hydrocerussite | Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| 6 photos of Thorikosite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 5 photos of Thorikosite associated with Anglesite | PbSO4 |
| 5 photos of Thorikosite associated with Laurionite | PbCl(OH) |
| 5 photos of Thorikosite associated with Blixite | Pb8O5(OH)2Cl4 |
| 4 photos of Thorikosite associated with Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| 3 photos of Thorikosite associated with Ecdemite | Pb6As3+2O7Cl4 |
| 3 photos of Thorikosite associated with Aragonite | CaCO3 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 3.DC. | Gajardoite | KCa0.5As3+4O6Cl2 · 5H2O |
| 3.DC. | Lucabindiite | (K,NH4)As4O6(Cl,Br) |
| 3.DC. | Cuatrocapaite-(NH4) | (NH4)3(NaMg◻)(As2O3)6Cl6 · 16H2O |
| 3.DC. | Cuatrocapaite-(K) | K3(NaMg◻)(As2O3)6Cl6 · 16H2O |
| 3.DC. | Napoliite | Pb2OFCl |
| 3.DC. | Torrecillasite | Na(As,Sb)3+4O6Cl |
| 3.DC.05 | Paralaurionite | PbCl(OH) |
| 3.DC.05 | Laurionite | PbCl(OH) |
| 3.DC.05 | Mauriziodiniite | (NH4)(As2O3)2I |
| 3.DC.05 | Russoite | (NH4)ClAs2O3(H2O)0.5 |
| 3.DC.10 | Fiedlerite | Pb3FCl4(OH) · H2O |
| 3.DC.15 | Penfieldite | Pb2Cl3(OH) |
| 3.DC.15 | Telluroperite | Pb3TeO4Cl2 |
| 3.DC.20 | Laurelite | Pb7F12Cl2 |
| 3.DC.25 | Zhangpeishanite | BaFCl |
| 3.DC.25 | Matlockite | PbFCl |
| 3.DC.25 | Zavaritskite | (BiO)F |
| 3.DC.25 | Rorisite | CaFCl |
| 3.DC.25 | Bismoclite | BiOCl |
| 3.DC.25 | Vegrandisite | BaCl2 |
| 3.DC.30 | Nadorite | PbSbClO2 |
| 3.DC.30 | Perite | PbBiClO2 |
| 3.DC.45 | Mereheadite | Pb47Cl25(OH)13O24(CO3)(BO3)2 |
| 3.DC.50 | Blixite | Pb8O5(OH)2Cl4 |
| 3.DC.52 | Rumseyite | Pb2OClF |
| 3.DC.55 | Vladkrivovichevite | [Pb32O18][Pb4Mn2O]Cl14(BO3)8 · 2H2O |
| 3.DC.55 | Pinalite | Pb3WO5Cl2 |
| 3.DC.57 | Yeomanite | Pb2O(OH)Cl |
| 3.DC.60 | Symesite | Pb10(SO4)O7Cl4 · H2O |
| 3.DC.60 | 'Lorettoite' | Pb7O6Cl2 |
| 3.DC.62 | 'Sarawakite (of Frenzel)' | Sb, O, Cl (?) |
| 3.DC.65 | Ecdemite | Pb6As3+2O7Cl4 |
| 3.DC.70 | Mendipite | Pb3Cl2O2 |
| 3.DC.75 | Damaraite | Pb3Cl(OH)O2 |
| 3.DC.80 | Onoratoite | Sb8Cl2O11 |
| 3.DC.95 | Barstowite | Pb4Cl6(CO3) · H2O |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Thorikosite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3945.html
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References for Thorikosite
Reference List:
Dunn, Pete J., Rouse, Roland C. (1985) Freedite and thorikosite from Långban, Sweden, and Laurion, Greece: two new species related to the synthetic bismuth oxyhalides. American Mineralogist, 70 (7-8) 845-848
Rouse, Roland C., Dunn, Peter J. (1985) The structure of thorikosite, a naturally occurring member of the bismuth oxyhalide group. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 57. 389-395 doi:10.1016/0022-4596(85)90204-x
Localities for Thorikosite
Showing 13 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Greece | |
| Gelaude et al. (1996) |
| collection Ko Jansen |
| Gelaude et al. (1996) +1 other reference | |
| Rüsenberg (2001) | |
| Ko Jansen collection | |
| Dunn et al. (1985) +1 other reference | |
| 42. +2 other references |
Italy | |
| Marco Bonifazi collection |
| Muenchener Micromounter-Lithothek |
Spain | |
| Dill et al. (2023) |
| Dill et al. (2023) |
| Dill et al. (2023) | |
UK | |
| S. Rust collection |
Quick NavTopAbout ThorikositeUnique IdentifiersIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography Crystal StructureX-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatOther InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Legrena Cove slag locality, Charakas, Lavreotiki, East Attica, Attica, Greece