Russoite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Russoite
Massimo Russo
Formula:
(NH4)ClAs2O3(H2O)0.5
Colour:
Colorless, yellowish
Lustre:
Vitreous
Specific Gravity:
2.89
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Member of:
Name:
Named in honor of Massimo Russo (b. 16 February 1960, Naples, Italy) geologist and researcher at the "Osservatorio Vesuviano", National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology in Naples. He has written several books and articles on Italian volcanoes.
Known synthetic analogue. Unique combination of elements. Chemically somewhat similar to lucabindiite, gajardoite (also hexagonal), and torrecillasite (all having arsenic oxide groups in the structure).
Structure details:
* electrically neutral As2O3 layers (topologically identical to those in lucabindiite and gajardoite)...
* ...intercalated with NH4+ cations;
* Cl- anions outside the layers;
* H2O and additional NH4+within a layer inserted between two Cl--layers.
Structure details:
* electrically neutral As2O3 layers (topologically identical to those in lucabindiite and gajardoite)...
* ...intercalated with NH4+ cations;
* Cl- anions outside the layers;
* H2O and additional NH4+within a layer inserted between two Cl--layers.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
47596
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:47596:3
Similar Names
| Raisaite | A valid IMA mineral species | CuMg[Te6+O4(OH)2] · 6H2O |
| Riesite | A valid IMA mineral species | TiO2 |
| Risséite | A synonym of Aurichalcite | |
| Roseite | (Os,Ir)S | |
| Rosite (of Huot) | A synonym of Chalcostibite | |
| Rossite | A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered | Ca(VO3)2 · 4H2O |
| Rouseite | A valid IMA mineral species | Pb2Mn2+[AsO3]2 · 2H2O |
| Ruizite | A valid IMA mineral species | Ca2Mn23+[Si4O11(OH)2](OH)2 · 2H2O |
IMA Classification of Russoite
Approved
IMA Formula:
(N3-H4)ClAs3+2O3(H2O)0.5
Approval year:
2016
First published:
2019
Classification of Russoite
3.DC.05
3 : HALIDES
D : Oxyhalides, hydroxyhalides and related double halides
C : With Pb (As,Sb,Bi), without Cu
3 : HALIDES
D : Oxyhalides, hydroxyhalides and related double halides
C : With Pb (As,Sb,Bi), without Cu
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Rso | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Russoite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Colorless, yellowish
Streak:
White
Hardness Data:
Could not be measured
Comment:
Crystals too small to measure hardness
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
On {001}
On {001}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
2.89(1) g/cm3 (Measured) 2.911 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
Measured by flotation in diiodomethane/benzene solution, calculated using empirical formula
Optical Data of Russoite
Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 1.810(6) nε = 1.650(5)
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.160
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Chemistry of Russoite
Mindat Formula:
(NH4)ClAs2O3(H2O)0.5
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Russoite
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Class (H-M):
622 - Trapezohedral
Space Group:
P622
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.2411(7) Å, c = 12.5948(25) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 2.403
Unit Cell V:
299.62 ų
Z:
2
Morphology:
Hexagonal plates flattened on {001} and bounded by {100}.
Twinning:
None observed
Comment:
Space group may be incorrect - the synthetic compound has space group P6/mmm (Wrześniewska et al., 2023).
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 12.627 Å | (19) |
| 6.324 Å | (100) |
| 4.547 Å | (75) |
| 4.218 Å | (47) |
| 3.094 Å | (45) |
| 2.627 Å | (47) |
| 2.428 Å | (31) |
| 1.820 Å | (28) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 45a : [Sulfates, arsenates, selenates, antimonates] | |
| 45b : [Other oxidized fumarolic minerals] |
Type Occurrence of Russoite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Hexagonal plates up to about 300μm in diameter and 15μm thick, in rosette-like intergrowths.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Reference Collection of the DCSSI, Università degli Studi di Milano, catalogue number 2015-01.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Fumarole
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Russoite
Other Language Names for Russoite
Relationship of Russoite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Lucabindiite Group:
| Cuatrocapaite-(K) | K3(NaMg◻)(As2O3)6Cl6 · 16H2O | Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m |
| Cuatrocapaite-(NH4) | (NH4)3(NaMg◻)(As2O3)6Cl6 · 16H2O | Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m |
| Ermakovite | (NH4)(As2O3)2Br | Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mmm |
| Gajardoite | KCa0.5As3+4O6Cl2 · 5H2O | Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mmm |
| Gajardoite-(NH4) | (NH4)As3+4O6Cl2(Ca0.5◻0.5)(H2O)5 | Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mmm |
| Lucabindiite | (K,NH4)As4O6(Cl,Br) | Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mmm |
| Mauriziodiniite | (NH4)(As2O3)2I | Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mmm |
| Torrecillasite | Na(As,Sb)3+4O6Cl | Orth. |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 1 photo of Russoite associated with Adranosite | (NH4)4NaAl2(SO4)4Cl(OH)2 |
| 1 photo of Russoite associated with Realgar | As4S4 |
| 1 photo of Russoite associated with Native Sulphur | S8 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 3.DC. | Gajardoite | KCa0.5As3+4O6Cl2 · 5H2O |
| 3.DC. | Lucabindiite | (K,NH4)As4O6(Cl,Br) |
| 3.DC. | Cuatrocapaite-(NH4) | (NH4)3(NaMg◻)(As2O3)6Cl6 · 16H2O |
| 3.DC. | Cuatrocapaite-(K) | K3(NaMg◻)(As2O3)6Cl6 · 16H2O |
| 3.DC. | Napoliite | Pb2OFCl |
| 3.DC. | Torrecillasite | Na(As,Sb)3+4O6Cl |
| 3.DC.05 | Paralaurionite | PbCl(OH) |
| 3.DC.05 | Laurionite | PbCl(OH) |
| 3.DC.05 | Mauriziodiniite | (NH4)(As2O3)2I |
| 3.DC.10 | Fiedlerite | Pb3FCl4(OH) · H2O |
| 3.DC.15 | Penfieldite | Pb2Cl3(OH) |
| 3.DC.15 | Telluroperite | Pb3TeO4Cl2 |
| 3.DC.20 | Laurelite | Pb7F12Cl2 |
| 3.DC.25 | Zhangpeishanite | BaFCl |
| 3.DC.25 | Matlockite | PbFCl |
| 3.DC.25 | Zavaritskite | (BiO)F |
| 3.DC.25 | Rorisite | CaFCl |
| 3.DC.25 | Bismoclite | BiOCl |
| 3.DC.25 | Vegrandisite | BaCl2 |
| 3.DC.30 | Nadorite | PbSbClO2 |
| 3.DC.30 | Perite | PbBiClO2 |
| 3.DC.40 | Thorikosite | Pb3Cl2(OH)(SbO3,AsO3) |
| 3.DC.45 | Mereheadite | Pb47Cl25(OH)13O24(CO3)(BO3)2 |
| 3.DC.50 | Blixite | Pb8O5(OH)2Cl4 |
| 3.DC.52 | Rumseyite | Pb2OClF |
| 3.DC.55 | Vladkrivovichevite | [Pb32O18][Pb4Mn2O]Cl14(BO3)8 · 2H2O |
| 3.DC.55 | Pinalite | Pb3WO5Cl2 |
| 3.DC.57 | Yeomanite | Pb2O(OH)Cl |
| 3.DC.60 | Symesite | Pb10(SO4)O7Cl4 · H2O |
| 3.DC.60 | 'Lorettoite' | Pb7O6Cl2 |
| 3.DC.62 | 'Sarawakite (of Frenzel)' | Sb, O, Cl (?) |
| 3.DC.65 | Ecdemite | Pb6As3+2O7Cl4 |
| 3.DC.70 | Mendipite | Pb3Cl2O2 |
| 3.DC.75 | Damaraite | Pb3Cl(OH)O2 |
| 3.DC.80 | Onoratoite | Sb8Cl2O11 |
| 3.DC.95 | Barstowite | Pb4Cl6(CO3) · H2O |
Fluorescence of Russoite
Does not fluoresce
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Russoite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-47596.html
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References for Russoite
Reference List:
Hålenius, U., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S.J. (2016) New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2016, CNMNC Newsletter no 30. Mineralogical Magazine, 80 (2) 407-413 doi:10.1180/minmag.2016.080.081
Localities for Russoite
Showing 1 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Italy (TL) | |
| Campostrini et al. (2019) |
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"Bocca Grande" fumarole, Solfatara di Pozzuoli, Pozzuoli, Metropolitan City of Naples, Campania, Italy