Pääkkönenite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Pääkkönenite
Viekko H. Pääkkönen
Formula:
Sb2AsS2
Colour:
Gray
Lustre:
Silky, Metallic, Sub-Metallic
Hardness:
2½
Specific Gravity:
5.21 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in honor of Viekko Henrik Pääkkönen (18 March 1907 – 6 May 1980), geologist with the Geological Survey of Finland. Two of his major achievements were his work on the Otanmäki iron deposits and the Seinäjoki antimony deposit. The latter is the type locality of pääkkönenite.
Type Locality:
Occurs in rare black acicular crystals and only very rarely as well-formed black crystals.
Name Encoding
ASCII-7:
Paakkonenite
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3226
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3226:7
IMA Classification of Pääkkönenite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Sb3+4(As2)4-S2-4
Approval year:
1980
First published:
1981
Classification of Pääkkönenite
2.DB.05
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
D : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 3 :4 and 2:3
B : M:S = 2:3
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
D : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 3 :4 and 2:3
B : M:S = 2:3
2.11.5.1
2 : SULFIDES
11 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 2:3
2 : SULFIDES
11 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 2:3
3.7.13
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
7 : Sulphides etc. of V, As, Sb and Bi
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
7 : Sulphides etc. of V, As, Sb and Bi
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Pä | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Pääkkönenite
Silky, Metallic, Sub-Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Gray
Streak:
Gray with brownish tint
Hardness:
2½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN10=66 - 87 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
One direction.
One direction.
Density:
5.21 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Pääkkönenite
Anisotropism:
Strong
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 (%) | R2 (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 440nm | 40.9% | 52.1% |
| 460nm | 39.8% | 51.7% |
| 480nm | 38.7% | 50.8% |
| 500nm | 38.0% | 49.8% |
| 520nm | 37.5% | 48.7% |
| 540nm | 37.2% | 47.8% |
| 560nm | 36.9% | 47.0% |
| 580nm | 36.7% | 46.3% |
| 600nm | 36.5% | 45.8% |
| 620nm | 36.5% | 45.5% |
| 640nm | 36.4% | 45.3% |
| 660nm | 36.2% | 45.1% |
| 680nm | 36.2% | 45.4% |
| 700nm | 36.0% | 45.3% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 52.1%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
Very pale gray
Internal Reflections:
Bright red
Pleochroism:
Weak
Chemistry of Pääkkönenite
Mindat Formula:
Sb2AsS2
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Pääkkönenite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/m
Setting:
C2/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.75(2) Å, b = 3.959(3) Å, c = 12.49(2) Å
β = 115.28(8)°
β = 115.28(8)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 2.715 : 1 : 3.155
Unit Cell V:
480.66 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Occurs as crystals to 30 microns, grains. A few comparatively large black crystals to 6mm were at the Cryogenie mine, San Diego, California by the Gochenour family.
Twinning:
Polysynthetic
synthetic crystals are twinned on {001}.
synthetic crystals are twinned on {001}.
Comment:
Space group from synthetic material.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2.87 Å | (100) |
| 2.68 Å | (60) |
| 3.90 Å | (40) |
| 3.13 Å | (40) |
| 2.27 Å | (30) |
| 1.750 Å | (30) |
| 2.08 Å | (20) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Type Occurrence of Pääkkönenite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Irregular grains up to 0.4 mm.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
A.E. Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
In hydrothermal mineral deposits with other Sb–As-bearing minerals.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Pääkkönenite
Other Language Names for Pääkkönenite
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 15 photos of Pääkkönenite associated with Kermesite | Sb2S2O |
| 12 photos of Pääkkönenite associated with Valentinite | Sb2O3 |
| 11 photos of Pääkkönenite associated with Stibnite | Sb2S3 |
| 3 photos of Pääkkönenite associated with Arsenolite | As2O3 |
| 2 photos of Pääkkönenite associated with Native Arsenic | As |
| 2 photos of Pääkkönenite associated with Galena | PbS |
| 2 photos of Pääkkönenite associated with Vaughanite | TlHgSb4S7 |
| 2 photos of Pääkkönenite associated with Stibarsen | AsSb |
| 2 photos of Pääkkönenite associated with Realgar | As4S4 |
| 1 photo of Pääkkönenite associated with Native Antimony | Sb |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 2.DB. | Stangersite | SnGeS3 |
| 2.DB.05 | Antimonselite | Sb2Se3 |
| 2.DB.05 | Metastibnite | Sb2S3 |
| 2.DB.05 | Bismuthinite | Bi2S3 |
| 2.DB.05 | Stibnite | Sb2S3 |
| 2.DB.05 | Guanajuatite | Bi2Se3 |
| 2.DB.10 | Suredaite | PbSnS3 |
| 2.DB.10 | Ottemannite | Sn2S3 |
| 2.DB.15 | Kashinite | Ir2S3 |
| 2.DB.15 | Bowieite | Rh2S3 |
| 2.DB.20 | Montbrayite | (Au,Ag,Sb,Bi,Pb)23(Te,Sb,Bi,Pb)38 |
| 2.DB.25 | Edgarite | FeNb3S6 |
| 2.DB.30 | Tarkianite | (Cu,Fe)(Re,Mo)4S8 |
| 2.DB.35 | Cameronite | Cu5-x(Cu,Ag)3+xTe10 (x = 0.43) |
| 2.DB.40 | 'Schreibersite (of Shephard)' | Cr2S3 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Pääkkönenite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3226.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Pääkkönenite
Reference List:
Borodayev, Yu. S. (1982) Paakkonenite, Sb2AsS2, a new mineral from Seinäjoki ore region in Finland. International Geology Review, 24 (10) 1234-1240 doi:10.1080/00206818209451064
Fleischer, Michael; Chao, George Y.; Mandarino, Joseph A. (1982) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 67 (7-8). p.854-860. p.858
Localities for Pääkkönenite
Showing 14 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Canada | |
| Harris et al. (1989) |
| Harris et al. (1989) | |
China | |
| Ottens (2007) |
| Belakovskiy (2013) |
| Keevil et al. (2022) |
| An et al. (2022) |
| Bo Zheng et al. (2013) +1 other reference |
Czech Republic | |
| - (1994) |
Finland | |
| Borodayev (1982) |
| Geological Survey of Finland website +2 other references |
France | |
| Färber (n.d.) |
Greece | |
| Rieck et al. (1999) |
| Rieck et al. (1999) | |
USA | |
| Min News 20:2 p4 +1 other reference |
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Kermesite occurrence, Dafeng, Shanglin County, Nanning, Guangxi, China