Paraotwayite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Paraotwayite
Formula:
Ni(OH)2-x(SO4,CO3)0.5x
Colour:
Emerald-green
Lustre:
Silky
Hardness:
4
Specific Gravity:
3.30
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named from the Greek 'para' for near, and otwayite, for the close compositional and physical similarity to that mineral.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3104
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3104:8
IMA Classification of Paraotwayite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Ni2+(OH)2-x(S6+O4,CO3)0.5x
Approval year:
1984
First published:
1987
Classification of Paraotwayite
7.BB.45
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
B : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, without H2O
B : With medium-sized cations
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
B : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, without H2O
B : With medium-sized cations
6.2.12.1
6 : HYDROXIDES AND OXIDES CONTAINING HYDROXYL
2 : X(OH)2
6 : HYDROXIDES AND OXIDES CONTAINING HYDROXYL
2 : X(OH)2
12.2.21
12 : Carbonates with other anions
2 : Carbonates with sulphate
12 : Carbonates with other anions
2 : Carbonates with sulphate
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Potw | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Paraotwayite
Silky
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Emerald-green
Streak:
White
Hardness:
4 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN20=223(22) kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
None Observed
Parting:
None observed
Density:
3.30 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.52 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Paraotwayite
Type:
Biaxial
RI values:
nα = 1.655 nγ = 1.705
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.050
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
weak
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
Bluish green parallel to the fibre length, and yellowish green normal to it.
Chemistry of Paraotwayite
Mindat Formula:
Ni(OH)2-x(SO4,CO3)0.5x
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Paraotwayite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.89(1) Å, b = 2.96(1) Å, c = 13.63(3) Å
β = 91.1(2)°
β = 91.1(2)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 2.666 : 1 : 4.605
Unit Cell V:
318 ų
Z:
6
Morphology:
Fibrous massive, parallel to sub-parallel, may be cross-vein fibrous, to 0.5 mm
Comment:
Point Group: n.d.; Space Group: n.d.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 6.81 Å | (10) |
| 5.083 Å | (8) |
| 2.239 Å | (8) |
| 3.859 Å | (5) |
| 2.946 Å | (4) |
| 1.973 Å | (3) |
| 7.95 Å | (2) |
Reference:
Comments:
Only strongest lines
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere | >4.45 |
| 13 : Hadean serpentinization | |
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47b : [Sulfates and sulfites] | |
| 47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates] | |
| 47i : [Terrestrial weathering of meteorites] |
Type Occurrence of Paraotwayite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Western Australian State Mineral Collection (Government Chemical Laboratories, Perth).
Museum of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.
Museum of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Paraotwayite
Other Language Names for Paraotwayite
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 2 photos of Paraotwayite associated with Retgersite | NiSO4 · 6H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 7.BB. | Iskandarovite | Sb6O7(SO4)2 |
| 7.BB. | Brumadoite | Cu3(Te6+O4)(OH)4 · 5H2O |
| 7.BB. | Novikovite | (NH4)4Mo6+2Mo5+2O8(SO4)5 |
| 7.BB.10 | Hauckite | Fe3+3(Mg,Mn2+)24Zn18(SO4)4(CO3)2(OH)81 |
| 7.BB.15 | Antlerite | Cu3(SO4)(OH)4 |
| 7.BB.20 | Dolerophanite | Cu2(SO4)O |
| 7.BB.25 | Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| 7.BB.25 | Ramaccioniite | Cu4[SeO4](OH)6 |
| 7.BB.30 | Vergasovaite | Cu3(SO4)(MoO4,SO4)O |
| 7.BB.30 | Cupromolybdite | Cu3O(MoO4)2 |
| 7.BB.35 | Klebelsbergite | Sb4O4(SO4)(OH)2 |
| 7.BB.35 | Tavagnascoite | Bi4O4(SO4)(OH)2 |
| 7.BB.40 | Schuetteite | Hg2+3O2(SO4) |
| 7.BB.50 | Xocomecatlite | Cu3(TeO4)(OH)4 |
| 7.BB.55 | Pauflerite | (V4+O)SO4 |
| 7.BB.60 | Grandviewite | Cu3Al2(SO4)(OH)10 · H2O |
| 7.BB.65 | Timroseite | Pb2Cu5(TeO6)2(OH)2 |
| 7.BB.70 | Glikinite | Zn3O(SO4)2 |
| 7.BB.80 | Mojaveite | Cu6[Te6+O4(OH)2](OH)7Cl |
| 7.BB.85 | Paratimroseite | Pb2Cu4(TeO6)2(H2O)2 |
Fluorescence of Paraotwayite
No fluorescence under LW or SW UV.
Other Information
Notes:
Not attacked by cold HCl or HNO3.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Paraotwayite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3104.html
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Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Paraotwayite
Localities for Paraotwayite
Showing 2 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia (TL) | |
| Nickel et al. (1987) |
Chile | |
| Tom Loomis (Dakotamatrix) +1 other reference |
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Vaca Muerta meteorite, Taltal, Antofagasta Province, Antofagasta, Chile