Amakinite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Amakinite
Formula:
Fe2+(OH)2
Colour:
Pale green to yellow-green; rapidly turns brown when exposed to air, due to formation of Fe(OH)3
Hardness:
3½ - 4
Specific Gravity:
2.925 - 2.98
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Member of:
Name:
For the Amakin Expedition, which prospected the Yakutian diamond deposits.
This page provides mineralogical data about Amakinite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
180
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:180:1
IMA Classification of Amakinite
Approved
Classification of Amakinite
4.FE.05
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
F : Hydroxides (without V or U)
E : Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; sheets of edge-sharing octahedra
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
F : Hydroxides (without V or U)
E : Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; sheets of edge-sharing octahedra
6.2.1.2
6 : HYDROXIDES AND OXIDES CONTAINING HYDROXYL
2 : X(OH)2
6 : HYDROXIDES AND OXIDES CONTAINING HYDROXYL
2 : X(OH)2
7.20.10
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
20 : Oxides of Fe
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
20 : Oxides of Fe
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Amk | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Amk | Whitney & Evans (2010) | Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371 |
Physical Properties of Amakinite
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Pale green to yellow-green; rapidly turns brown when exposed to air, due to formation of Fe(OH)3
Hardness:
3½ - 4 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Poor/Indistinct
observed in some grains
observed in some grains
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
2.925 - 2.98 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.74 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Amakinite
Type:
Uniaxial (+)
RI values:
nω = 1.707(2) nε = 1.722(2)
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.015
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Chemistry of Amakinite
Mindat Formula:
Fe2+(OH)2
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Amakinite
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Cell Parameters:
a = 6.917(3) Å, c = 14.52(1) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 2.099
Unit Cell V:
601.63 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
12
Morphology:
Rhombohedra {1011}, modified by {1012}, {1014}, {1123}, {2025} and {0001} to 2 cm; typically in irregular grains.
Comment:
Point Group: 3 2/m, 3m, or 32.; Space Group: R3m, R3m, or R32.
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0011783 | Amakinite | Wyckoff R W G (1963) Second edition. Interscience Publishers, New York, New York Crystal Structures 1 239-444 | 1963 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2.30 Å | (10) |
| 1.728 Å | (9) |
| 2.80 Å | (8) |
| 1.530 Å | (8) |
| 5.49 Å | (7) |
| 1.551 Å | (7) |
| 1.386 Å | (7) |
Comments:
Material from the type locality
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation and alteration | 4.566-4.550 |
| 6 : Secondary asteroid phases | 4.566-4.560 |
Type Occurrence of Amakinite
General Appearance of Type Material:
rhombohedra to 1.5 cm; typically in irregular grains
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
A.E. Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 69547.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
in a drill core, in thin veins and pockets in kimberlite
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Other Language Names for Amakinite
Relationship of Amakinite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Brucite Group:
| Brucite | Mg(OH)2 | Trig. 3m(32/m) : P3m1 |
| Portlandite | Ca(OH)2 | Trig. 3m(32/m) : P3m1 |
| Pyrochroite | Mn(OH)2 | Trig. 3m(32/m) : P3m1 |
| Theophrastite | Ni(OH)2 | Trig. 3m(32/m) : P3m1 |
Common Associates
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.FE. | Nannoniite | Al2(OH)5F |
| 4.FE.05 | Brucite | Mg(OH)2 |
| 4.FE.05 | Theophrastite | Ni(OH)2 |
| 4.FE.05 | Portlandite | Ca(OH)2 |
| 4.FE.05 | Pyrochroite | Mn(OH)2 |
| 4.FE.10 | Doyleite | Al(OH)3 |
| 4.FE.10 | Bayerite | Al(OH)3 |
| 4.FE.10 | Nordstrandite | Al(OH)3 |
| 4.FE.10 | Gibbsite | Al(OH)3 |
| 4.FE.15 | Lepidocrocite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| 4.FE.15 | Böhmite | AlO(OH) |
| 4.FE.20 | Heterogenite | Co3+O(OH) |
| 4.FE.20 | Grimaldiite | CrO(OH) |
| 4.FE.25 | Lithiophorite | (Al,Li)MnO2(OH)2 |
| 4.FE.25 | Feitknechtite | Mn3+O(OH) |
| 4.FE.30 | Quenselite | PbMnO2(OH) |
| 4.FE.35 | Ferrihydrite | Fe3+10O14(OH)2 |
| 4.FE.40 | Vernadite | (Mn4+,Fe3+,Ca,Na)(O,OH)2 · nH2O |
| 4.FE.40 | Feroxyhyte | Fe3+O(OH) |
| 4.FE.45 | Quetzalcoatlite | Zn6Cu3(TeO6)2(OH)6 · AgxPbyClx+2y |
| 4.FE.50 | Fuettererite | Pb3Cu2+6Te6+O6(OH)7Cl5 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Amakinite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-180.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Amakinite
Reference List:
Feitknecht, W.; Keller, G. (1950) Über die dunkelgrünen Hydroxyverbindungen des Eisens. Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie, 262 (1). p.61-68. doi:10.1002/zaac.19502620110
Fleischer, Michael; Mandarino, J. A.; Servos, Kurt; Toulmin, Priestley, III (1962) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 47 (9-10). 1216-1223
Localities for Amakinite
Showing 6 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Atlantic Ocean | |
| Beard et al. (2009) |
France | |
| Pignatelli (2016) |
Germany | |
| Weiß (1990) |
Greece | |
| Puchelt et al. (1973) |
Northwest Africa Meteorites | |
| Jacquet et al. (2016) | |
Russia (TL) | |
| Kozlov et al. (1962) +1 other reference |
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Udachnaya open-pit mine, Daldyn, Mirninsky District, Sakha, Russia