Haapalaite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Haapalaite
Formula:
(Fe2+,Ni)2(Mg,Fe2+)1.61S2(OH)3.22
Colour:
Bronze-red to light brown
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
1
Specific Gravity:
3.57 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1973 by Maija Huhma, Yrjo Vuorelainen, Tauno Aulis Hakli, and Heikki Papunen in honor of Paavo Haapala (19 August 1906 Finland - 6 November 2002 Finland), chief mining geologist and eventually vice-president at Nickel in the Petsamo District, later chief geologist for the Cerro de Pasco Corporation in Peru, and at Outokumpu Oy, Finland.
Type Locality:
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1788
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1788:2
Similar Names
IMA Classification of Haapalaite
Approved
IMA Formula:
2[(Fe2+,Ni2+)S2-]·1.61[(Mg,Fe2+)(OH)2]
Approval year:
1972
First published:
1973
Classification of Haapalaite
2.FD.30
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
F : Sulfides of arsenic, alkalies; sulfides with halide, oxide, hydroxide, H2O
D : With O, OH, H2O
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
F : Sulfides of arsenic, alkalies; sulfides with halide, oxide, hydroxide, H2O
D : With O, OH, H2O
Dana 7th ed.:
2.14.3.1
2.14.3.1
2 : SULFIDES
14 : Hydroxysulfides and Hydrated Sulfides
2 : SULFIDES
14 : Hydroxysulfides and Hydrated Sulfides
4.9
4 : Oxysulphides
4 : Oxysulphides
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Ha | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Haapalaite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Bronze-red to light brown
Hardness:
1 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN3=9 - 11 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Density:
3.57 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Haapalaite
Anisotropism:
Very strong - bronze-gray to grayish white
Colour in reflected light:
Brown
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
Light brown to grayish brown
Chemistry of Haapalaite
Mindat Formula:
(Fe2+,Ni)2(Mg,Fe2+)1.61S2(OH)3.22
Element Weights:
Common Impurities:
Cu,Co,Ca,Al
Crystallography of Haapalaite
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Cell Parameters:
a = 3.64(2) Å, c = 34.02(2) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 9.346
Unit Cell V:
390.36 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Thin scales
Comment:
Point Group: n.d.; Space Group: n.d.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 11.34 Å | (100) |
| 5.67 Å | (90) |
| 3.18 Å | (80b) |
| 1.841 Å | (70) |
| 1.821 Å | (70) |
| 2.835 Å | (40) |
| 2.59 Å | (40) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere | >4.45 |
| 13 : Hadean serpentinization | |
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] |
Type Occurrence of Haapalaite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Preserved by the Outokumpu Company, Finland.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Serpentines
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Haapalaite
Other Language Names for Haapalaite
Relationship of Haapalaite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Valleriite Group:
| Ekplexite | (Nb,Mo,W)S2 · (Mg1-xAlx)(OH)2+x | Trig. |
| Ferrotochilinite | Fe2+6(Fe2+,Mg)5S6(OH)10 | Mon. |
| Ferrovalleriite | 2(Fe,Cu)S · 1.5Fe(OH)2 | Trig. |
| Tochilinite | Fe2+5-6(Mg,Fe2+)5S6(OH)10 | Mon. |
| Valleriite | (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6 | Trig. |
| Yushkinite | (Mg,Al)V4+S2(OH)2 | Trig. 3m(32/m) : P3m1 |
Common Associates
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 2.FD. | Ferrovalleriite | 2(Fe,Cu)S · 1.5Fe(OH)2 |
| 2.FD.05 | Kermesite | Sb2S2O |
| 2.FD.10 | Viaeneite | (Fe,Pb)4S8O |
| 2.FD.20 | Erdite | NaFeS2 · 2H2O |
| 2.FD.25 | Coyoteite | NaFe3S5 · 2H2O |
| 2.FD.30 | Yushkinite | (Mg,Al)V4+S2(OH)2 |
| 2.FD.30 | Valleriite | (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6 |
| 2.FD.30 | Ekplexite | (Nb,Mo,W)S2 · (Mg1-xAlx)(OH)2+x |
| 2.FD.35 | Kaskasite | (Mo,Nb)S2 · (Mg1-xAlx)(OH)2+x |
| 2.FD.35 | Manganokaskasite | (Mo,Nb)S2 · (Mn1-xAlx)(OH)2+x |
| 2.FD.35 | Tochilinite | Fe2+5-6(Mg,Fe2+)5S6(OH)10 |
| 2.FD.35 | Ferrotochilinite | Fe2+6(Fe2+,Mg)5S6(OH)10 |
| 2.FD.40 | Wilhelmramsayite | Cu3FeS3 · 2H2O |
| 2.FD.45 | Vyalsovite | FeCaAlS(OH)5 |
| 2.FD.50 | Bazhenovite | Ca8S2(S3)(S2O3)(OH)12 · 20H2O |
| 2.FD.55 | 'UM2004-56-OS:BiCuPb' | PbCu4Bi4S2(O,OH,H2O)16 (?) |
Other Information
Notes:
Etch reactions: iridescent tarnish with HNO3 and HCl, stains dark brown with FeCl3. Negative with other reagents.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Haapalaite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1788.html
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References for Haapalaite
Localities for Haapalaite
Showing 4 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
Finland (TL) | |
| Huhma +3 other references |
Japan | |
| Matsubara et al (1991) |
Sweden | |
| Turner (2020) |
Quick NavTopAbout HaapalaiteUnique IdentifiersSimilar NamesIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography X-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesRelationshipsCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatOther InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Kokka Ni deposit, Kaavi, North Savo, Finland