Garnier, Virginie; Giuliani, Gaston; Ohnenstetter, Daniel; Fallick, Anthony E.; Dubessy, Jean; Banks, David; Vinh, Hoàng Quang; Lhomme, Thérèse; Maluski, Henri; Pêcher, Arnaud; et al. (2008) Marble-hosted ruby deposits from Central and Southeast Asia: Towards a new genetic model. Ore Geology Reviews, 34 (1-2). 169-191 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2008.03.003

ⓘ Chondrodite

Formula: Mg₅(SiO₄)₂F₂

Locality: Upper Hunza Valley, Hunza District, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

ⓘ Corundum

Formula: Al₂O₃

Locality: Upper Hunza Valley, Hunza District, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

References:

Jose Zendrera Collection

ⓘ Muscovite

Formula: KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

Locality: Upper Hunza Valley, Hunza District, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

References:

Smith, Bill, Smith, Carol, Blauwet, Dudley (1997) A Guide to the Mineral Localities of the Northern Areas, Pakistan. The Mineralogical Record, 28 (3) 183-200

ⓘ Quartz

Formula: SiO₂

Localities:

Upper Hunza Valley, Hunza District, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
Khyber, Hunza District, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
Morkhun, Hunza District, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

ⓘ Titanite

Formula: CaTi(SiO₄)O

Locality: Upper Hunza Valley, Hunza District, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

References:

ⓘ 'Tourmaline'

Formula: AD₃G₆(T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z

Locality: Upper Hunza Valley, Hunza District, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

References:

[www.thamesvalleyminerals.com]

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ	Corundum	4.CB.05	Al₂O₃
ⓘ	Quartz	4.DA.05	SiO₂
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘ	Calcite	5.AB.05	CaCO₃
ⓘ	Aragonite	5.AB.15	CaCO₃
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘ	Chondrodite	9.AF.45	Mg₅(SiO₄)₂F₂
ⓘ	Titanite	9.AG.15	CaTi(SiO₄)O
ⓘ	Muscovite	9.EC.15	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Unclassified
ⓘ	'Chlorite Group'	-
ⓘ	'Tourmaline'	-	AD₃G₆(T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z
ⓘ	'Almandine-Spessartine Series'	-

List of minerals for each chemical element

H	Hydrogen
H	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
B	Boron
B	ⓘ Tourmaline	AD₃G₆(T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z
C	Carbon
C	ⓘ Aragonite	CaCO₃
C	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
O	Oxygen
O	ⓘ Aragonite	CaCO₃
O	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
O	ⓘ Chondrodite	Mg₅(SiO₄)₂F₂
O	ⓘ Corundum	Al₂O₃
O	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
O	ⓘ Tourmaline	AD₃G₆(T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z
O	ⓘ Almandine-Spessartine Series
F	Fluorine
F	ⓘ Chondrodite	Mg₅(SiO₄)₂F₂
Mg	Magnesium
Mg	ⓘ Chondrodite	Mg₅(SiO₄)₂F₂
Al	Aluminium
Al	ⓘ Corundum	Al₂O₃
Al	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Almandine-Spessartine Series
Si	Silicon
Si	ⓘ Chondrodite	Mg₅(SiO₄)₂F₂
Si	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
Si	ⓘ Almandine-Spessartine Series
K	Potassium
K	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Ca	Calcium
Ca	ⓘ Aragonite	CaCO₃
Ca	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
Ca	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
Ti	Titanium
Ti	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
Mn	Manganese
Mn	ⓘ Almandine-Spessartine Series
Fe	Iron
Fe	ⓘ Almandine-Spessartine Series

Fossils

There are 178 fossil localities from the PaleoBioDB database within this region.

These data are provided on an experimental basis and are taken from external databases. Mindat.org has no control currently over the accuracy of these data.

Occurrences

178

Youngest Fossil Listed

269 Ma (Permian)

Oldest Fossil Listed

299 Ma (Carboniferous)

Stratigraphic Units

Click here to view 6 stratigraphic units.

Fossils from Region

Click here to show the list.

Accepted Name	Hierarchy	Age
Chaetetes genus	Animalia : Porifera : Chaetetidae : *Chaetetes*	272.3 - 268.8 Ma Permian
Duplocarinia genus	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : *Duplocarinia*	272.3 - 268.8 Ma Permian
Pseudomonotis genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pseudomonotidae : *Pseudomonotis*	295.5 - 290.1 Ma Permian
Schizodus genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Trigoniida : Schizodidae : *Schizodus*	295.5 - 290.1 Ma Permian
Edmondia genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Adapedonta : Edmondiidae : *Edmondia*	295.5 - 290.1 Ma Permian
Peltichia genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Orthida : Enteletidae : *Peltichia*	272.3 - 268.8 Ma Permian
Costiferina genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Productida : Productidae : *Costiferina*	272.3 - 268.8 Ma Permian
Fusichonetes genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Productida : Rugosochonetidae : *Fusichonetes*	272.3 - 268.8 Ma Permian
Leptodus genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Productida : Lyttoniidae : *Leptodus*	272.3 - 268.8 Ma Permian
Lyonia genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Productida : Monticuliferidae : *Lyonia*	298.9 - 295.5 Ma Paleozoic
Magniplicatina genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Productida : Monticuliferidae : *Magniplicatina*	272.3 - 268.8 Ma Permian
Reticulatia genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Productida : Productidae : *Reticulatia*	295.5 - 290.1 Ma Permian
Retimarginifera genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Productida : Productellidae : *Retimarginifera*	272.3 - 268.8 Ma Permian
Spinomarginifera genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Productida : Productellidae : *Spinomarginifera*	272.3 - 268.8 Ma Permian
Lirellaria genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Pontisiidae : *Lirellaria*	272.3 - 268.8 Ma Permian
Rhynchopora genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Rhynchoporidae : *Rhynchopora*	298.9 - 295.5 Ma Paleozoic
Terebratuloidea genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Allorhynchidae : *Terebratuloidea*	272.3 - 268.8 Ma Permian
Attenuatella genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Spiriferida : Ambocoeliidae : *Attenuatella*	272.3 - 268.8 Ma Permian
Cleiothyridina genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Athyridida : Athyrididae : *Cleiothyridina*	295.5 - 290.1 Ma Permian
Hustedia genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Athyridida : Neoretziidae : *Hustedia*	272.3 - 268.8 Ma Permian
Martinia genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Spiriferida : Martiniidae : *Martinia*	272.3 - 268.8 Ma Permian
Martiniopsis genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Spiriferida : Ingelarellidae : *Martiniopsis*	272.3 - 268.8 Ma Permian
Spirigerella genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Athyridida : Athyrididae : *Spirigerella*	295.5 - 268.8 Ma Permian
Squamularia genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Spiriferida : Elythidae : *Squamularia*	272.3 - 268.8 Ma Permian
Tiramnia genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Spiriferida : Martiniidae : *Tiramnia*	272.3 - 268.8 Ma Permian
Rostranteris genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Notothyrididae : *Rostranteris*	272.3 - 268.8 Ma Permian
Pseudoantiquatonia genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Productida : Productidae : *Pseudoantiquatonia*	272.3 - 268.8 Ma Permian
Paracaninia genus	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Plerophyllidae : *Paracaninia*	272.3 - 268.8 Ma Permian
Trigonotreta lyonsensis species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Spiriferida : Trigonotretidae : Trigonotreta : *Trigonotreta lyonsensis*	298.9 - 290.1 Ma Paleozoic
Hunzina electa species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Spiriferida : Spiriferellidae : Hunzina : *Hunzina electa*	295.5 - 290.1 Ma Permian
Retimarginifera gaetanii species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Productida : Productellidae : Retimarginifera : *Retimarginifera gaetanii*	272.3 - 268.8 Ma Permian
Magniplicatina johannis species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Productida : Monticuliferidae : Magniplicatina : *Magniplicatina johannis*	272.3 - 268.8 Ma Permian
Chapursania tatianae species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Chapursania : *Chapursania tatianae*	272.3 - 268.8 Ma Permian
Linoproductus lineatus species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Productida : Linoproductidae : Linoproductus : *Linoproductus lineatus*	295.5 - 290.1 Ma Permian
Permochonetes pamiricus species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Productida : Anopliidae : Permochonetes : *Permochonetes pamiricus*	295.5 - 290.1 Ma Permian
Cyrtella nagmargensis species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Spiriferinida : Syringothyrididae : Cyrtella : *Cyrtella nagmargensis*	295.5 - 290.1 Ma Permian
Trigonotreta larghii species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Spiriferida : Trigonotretidae : Trigonotreta : *Trigonotreta larghii*	298.9 - 295.5 Ma Paleozoic
Spirelytha petaliformis species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Spiriferida : Elythidae : Spirelytha : *Spirelytha petaliformis*	298.9 - 295.5 Ma Paleozoic
Derbyia baroghilensis species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Orthotetida : Derbyiidae : Derbyia : *Derbyia baroghilensis*	295.5 - 290.1 Ma Permian
Costatumulus irwinensis species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Productida : Monticuliferidae : Costatumulus : *Costatumulus irwinensis*	295.5 - 290.1 Ma Permian
Globiella rossiae species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Productida : Monticuliferidae : Globiella : *Globiella rossiae*	295.5 - 290.1 Ma Permian
Cleiothyridina ailakensis species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Athyridida : Athyrididae : Cleiothyridina : *Cleiothyridina ailakensis*	295.5 - 290.1 Ma Permian
Cleiothyridina semiconcava species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Athyridida : Athyrididae : Cleiothyridina : *Cleiothyridina semiconcava*	295.5 - 290.1 Ma Permian
Trigonotreta paucicostulata species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Spiriferida : Trigonotretidae : Trigonotreta : *Trigonotreta paucicostulata*	295.5 - 290.1 Ma Permian
Hunzina tenuisulcata species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Spiriferida : Spiriferellidae : Hunzina : *Hunzina tenuisulcata*	295.5 - 290.1 Ma Permian
Compressoproductus mongolicus species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Productida : Monticuliferidae : Compressoproductus : *Compressoproductus mongolicus*	272.3 - 268.8 Ma Permian
Tomiopsis bazardarensis species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Spiriferida : Ingelarellidae : Tomiopsis : *Tomiopsis bazardarensis*	298.9 - 295.5 Ma Paleozoic
Orthotichia avushensis species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Orthida : Schizophoriidae : Orthotichia : *Orthotichia avushensis*	272.3 - 268.8 Ma Permian
Hybostenoscisma armenica species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Psilocamaridae : Hybostenoscisma : *Hybostenoscisma armenica*	272.3 - 268.8 Ma Permian
Anchorhynchia cimmerica species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Wellerellidae : Anchorhynchia : *Anchorhynchia cimmerica*	272.3 - 268.8 Ma Permian
Martinia subtriquetra species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Spiriferida : Martiniidae : Martinia : *Martinia subtriquetra*	272.3 - 268.8 Ma Permian
Tiramnia tschernyschewi species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Spiriferida : Martiniidae : Tiramnia : *Tiramnia tschernyschewi*	272.3 - 268.8 Ma Permian
Elivina chapursani species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Spiriferida : Spiriferellidae : Elivina : *Elivina chapursani*	272.3 - 268.8 Ma Permian
Darbandia vagabunda species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Spiriferida : Darbandia : *Darbandia vagabunda*	272.3 - 268.8 Ma Permian
Tipispirifer psittacus species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Spiriferida : Spiriferellidae : Tipispirifer : *Tipispirifer psittacus*	272.3 - 268.8 Ma Permian
Derbyia grandis species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Orthotetida : Derbyiidae : Derbyia : *Derbyia grandis*	272.3 - 268.8 Ma Permian
Cancrinella cancriniformis species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Productida : Linoproductidae : Cancrinella : *Cancrinella cancriniformis*	295.5 - 290.1 Ma Permian
Orthothetina convergens species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Orthotetida : Meekellidae : Orthothetina : *Orthothetina convergens*	272.3 - 268.8 Ma Permian
Callytharrella sinensis species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Productida : Productidae : Callytharrella : *Callytharrella sinensis*	272.3 - 268.8 Ma Permian
Punctospirifer afghanus species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Spiriferinida : Punctospiriferidae : Punctospirifer : *Punctospirifer afghanus*	298.9 - 295.5 Ma Paleozoic
Paraphillipsia middlemissi species	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Proetida : Proetidae : Paraphillipsia : *Paraphillipsia middlemissi*	295.5 - 290.1 Ma Permian
Stenoscisma purdoni species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Stenoscismatidae : Stenoscisma : *Stenoscisma purdoni*	272.3 - 268.8 Ma Permian
Paracaninia similis species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Stauriida : Plerophyllidae : Paracaninia : *Paracaninia similis*	272.3 - 268.8 Ma Permian
Minilya perelegans species	Animalia : Bryozoa : Stenolaemata : Fenestrida : Fenestellidae : Minilya : *Minilya perelegans*	295.5 - 290.1 Ma Permian
Yatsengia hangchowensis species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Yatsengia : *Yatsengia hangchowensis*	272.3 - 268.8 Ma Permian
Ufimia hunzensis species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Plerophyllidae : Ufimia : *Ufimia hunzensis*	272.3 - 268.8 Ma Permian
Petraphyllum hunzaianum species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Petraphyllidae : Petraphyllum : *Petraphyllum hunzaianum*	272.3 - 268.8 Ma Permian
Parallelodon desioi species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Parallelodontidae : Parallelodon : *Parallelodon desioi*	295.5 - 290.1 Ma Permian
Cartorhium lunwalensis species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Spiriferida : Trigonotretidae : Cartorhium : *Cartorhium lunwalensis*	272.3 - 268.8 Ma Permian

Fossil Localities

Click to show 13 fossil localities

Pakistan

Gilgit-Baltistan
- Gilgit District
  - Permian🐚 DM35
  - Permian🐚 Hajashitk 62PM-45
  - Permian🐚 KK2
  - Permian🐚 KK203
  - Paleozoic🐚 KK26
  - Permian🐚 KK289

Pakistan

Gilgit-Baltistan
- Gilgit District
  - Permian🐚 KK79
  - Permian🐚 KL19
  - Paleozoic🐚 KL2
  - Permian🐚 KL21
  - Permian🐚 KL26
  - Permian🐚 KT10
  - Permian🐚 KT3

Other Databases

Wikipedia:	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunza_District
Wikidata ID:	Q30588503

Localities in this Region

Pakistan

Gilgit-Baltistan
- Hunza District
  - ⭔Khyber
  - ⭔Morkhun
  - Upper Hunza Valley

Other Regions, Features and Areas that Intersect

AsiaContinent

Hindukush Himalayan RegionGroup of Mountain Ranges

Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate

Lhasa
- Karakoram ProvinceVolcanic Arc

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

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Detailed Mineral List:

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List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

List of minerals for each chemical element

Fossils

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Hunza District, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan i
Regional Level Types
Hunza District District
Gilgit-Baltistan Territory
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