Virgen de Surumi mine, Pakajake Canyon, Colquechaca Municipality, Chayanta Province, Potosí, Boliviai
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Virgen de Surumi mine | Mine |
| Pakajake Canyon | Canyon |
| Colquechaca Municipality | Municipality |
| Chayanta Province | Province |
| Potosí | Department |
| Bolivia | Country |
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
18° 38' 59'' South , 66° 1' 0'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Type:
Köppen climate type:
Nearest Settlements:
| Place | Population | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| Colquechaca | 1,706 (2012) | 5.7km |
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
Pacajake mine; Pakajake mine
A silver mine, located at an altitude of 3600-3700 m a.s.l.
NOTE: "Pacajake mine" is a common misnomer for this locality. The famous selenium minerals from this locality have often been falsely attributed to the Hiaco mine (2 km west, on the opposite flank of Pakajake canyon) or to the Colquechaca mine (28 km southwest), but neither of those mines yield any Se minerals at all; error due to the original type specimens of Pakajake Se minerals having been purchased at a shop in Colquechaca unaccompanied by good locality labels, and then published in the literature with incorrect conjecture.
Old material examination showed the presence of some Al-Cr and Al-Cr-Fe minerals (cf. Livingstone et al., 1984). These minerals might be new phases.
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsCommodity List
This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.Mineral List
26 valid minerals. 4 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals.
Rock Types Recorded
Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!
Select Rock List Type
Alphabetical List Tree DiagramDetailed Mineral List:
| ⓘ Ahlfeldite (TL) Formula: Ni(SeO3) · 2H2O Type Locality: |
| ⓘ Anglesite Formula: PbSO4 |
| ⓘ Baryte Formula: BaSO4 References: Hurlbut, C. S. Jr., Aristarain, L. F . (1969) Olsascherite, Pb2(SO4)(SeO4), anew mineral from Bolivia. American Mineralogist, 54 (11-12) 1519-1527 |
| ⓘ Calcite Formula: CaCO3 |
| ⓘ Cerussite Formula: PbCO3 |
| ⓘ Chalcomenite Formula: CuSeO3 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ Chalcopyrite Formula: CuFeS2 |
| ⓘ Clausthalite Formula: PbSe |
| ⓘ Cobaltomenite Formula: CoSeO3 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ Fischesserite Formula: Ag3AuSe2 References: Dr. Günter Grundmann collectionIdentified by Dr. Günter Grundmann: Polarised-light microscopy, SEM-WDS |
| ⓘ Goethite Formula: Fe3+O(OH) |
| ⓘ Grimaldiite Formula: CrO(OH) Description: The Livingstone reference contained within MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINE, DECEMBER 1984, VOL. 48, PP. 560 2 actually erroneously refers to the "Hiaca" Mine for Grimaldiite and not this mine, based on a purchased specimen with poor locality information. |
| ⓘ Hematite Formula: Fe2O3 |
| ⓘ 'Limonite' |
| ⓘ Linarite Formula: PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ Mandarinoite (TL) Formula: Fe3+2(Se4+O3)3 · (6-x)H2O (x = 0.0-1.0) Type Locality: |
| ⓘ Molybdomenite Formula: PbSeO3 |
| ⓘ Native Gold Formula: Au |
| ⓘ Native Selenium Formula: Se |
| ⓘ Naumannite Formula: Ag2Se |
| ⓘ Olsacherite (TL) Formula: Pb2(Se6+O4)(SO4) Type Locality: |
| ⓘ Penroseite (TL) Formula: (Ni,Co,Cu)Se2 Type Locality: |
| ⓘ Pyrite Formula: FeS2 |
| ⓘ Quartz Formula: SiO2 |
| ⓘ Siderite Formula: FeCO3 |
| ⓘ Tiemannite Formula: HgSe |
| ⓘ Wulfenite Formula: Pb(MoO4) |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 1 - Elements | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Native Gold | 1.AA.05 | Au |
| ⓘ | Native Selenium | 1.CC.10 | Se |
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
| ⓘ | Naumannite | 2.BA.55 | Ag2Se |
| ⓘ | Fischesserite | 2.BA.75 | Ag3AuSe2 |
| ⓘ | Tiemannite | 2.CB.05a | HgSe |
| ⓘ | Chalcopyrite | 2.CB.10a | CuFeS2 |
| ⓘ | Clausthalite | 2.CD.10 | PbSe |
| ⓘ | Penroseite (TL) | 2.EB.05a | (Ni,Co,Cu)Se2 |
| ⓘ | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| ⓘ | Goethite | 4.00. | Fe3+O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Hematite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2O3 |
| ⓘ | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | Grimaldiite | 4.FE.20 | CrO(OH) |
| ⓘ | Molybdomenite | 4.JF.05 | PbSeO3 |
| ⓘ | Chalcomenite | 4.JH.05 | CuSeO3 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Ahlfeldite (TL) | 4.JH.10 | Ni(SeO3) · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Cobaltomenite | 4.JH.10 | CoSeO3 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Mandarinoite (TL) | 4.JH.15 | Fe3+2(Se4+O3)3 · (6-x)H2O (x = 0.0-1.0) |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| ⓘ | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | Siderite | 5.AB.05 | FeCO3 |
| ⓘ | Cerussite | 5.AB.15 | PbCO3 |
| Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
| ⓘ | Anglesite | 7.AD.35 | PbSO4 |
| ⓘ | Baryte | 7.AD.35 | BaSO4 |
| ⓘ | Olsacherite (TL) | 7.AD.35 | Pb2(Se6+O4)(SO4) |
| ⓘ | Linarite | 7.BC.65 | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Wulfenite | 7.GA.05 | Pb(MoO4) |
| Unclassified | |||
| ⓘ | 'Limonite' | - | |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Ahlfeldite | Ni(SeO3) · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Chalcomenite | CuSeO3 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Cobaltomenite | CoSeO3 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Goethite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Grimaldiite | CrO(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Mandarinoite | Fe23+(Se4+O3)3 · (6-x)H2O (x = 0.0-1.0) |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Siderite | FeCO3 |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ Ahlfeldite | Ni(SeO3) · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Anglesite | PbSO4 |
| O | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| O | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Chalcomenite | CuSeO3 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Cobaltomenite | CoSeO3 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Goethite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Grimaldiite | CrO(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Mandarinoite | Fe23+(Se4+O3)3 · (6-x)H2O (x = 0.0-1.0) |
| O | ⓘ Molybdomenite | PbSeO3 |
| O | ⓘ Olsacherite | Pb2(Se6+O4)(SO4) |
| O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Siderite | FeCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Wulfenite | Pb(MoO4) |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | ⓘ Anglesite | PbSO4 |
| S | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| S | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| S | ⓘ Olsacherite | Pb2(Se6+O4)(SO4) |
| S | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| Cr | Chromium | |
| Cr | ⓘ Grimaldiite | CrO(OH) |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Goethite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Mandarinoite | Fe23+(Se4+O3)3 · (6-x)H2O (x = 0.0-1.0) |
| Fe | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Siderite | FeCO3 |
| Co | Cobalt | |
| Co | ⓘ Cobaltomenite | CoSeO3 · 2H2O |
| Co | ⓘ Penroseite | (Ni,Co,Cu)Se2 |
| Ni | Nickel | |
| Ni | ⓘ Ahlfeldite | Ni(SeO3) · 2H2O |
| Ni | ⓘ Penroseite | (Ni,Co,Cu)Se2 |
| Cu | Copper | |
| Cu | ⓘ Chalcomenite | CuSeO3 · 2H2O |
| Cu | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Penroseite | (Ni,Co,Cu)Se2 |
| Se | Selenium | |
| Se | ⓘ Ahlfeldite | Ni(SeO3) · 2H2O |
| Se | ⓘ Chalcomenite | CuSeO3 · 2H2O |
| Se | ⓘ Clausthalite | PbSe |
| Se | ⓘ Cobaltomenite | CoSeO3 · 2H2O |
| Se | ⓘ Fischesserite | Ag3AuSe2 |
| Se | ⓘ Mandarinoite | Fe23+(Se4+O3)3 · (6-x)H2O (x = 0.0-1.0) |
| Se | ⓘ Molybdomenite | PbSeO3 |
| Se | ⓘ Naumannite | Ag2Se |
| Se | ⓘ Olsacherite | Pb2(Se6+O4)(SO4) |
| Se | ⓘ Penroseite | (Ni,Co,Cu)Se2 |
| Se | ⓘ Native Selenium | Se |
| Se | ⓘ Tiemannite | HgSe |
| Mo | Molybdenum | |
| Mo | ⓘ Wulfenite | Pb(MoO4) |
| Ag | Silver | |
| Ag | ⓘ Fischesserite | Ag3AuSe2 |
| Ag | ⓘ Naumannite | Ag2Se |
| Ba | Barium | |
| Ba | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| Au | Gold | |
| Au | ⓘ Fischesserite | Ag3AuSe2 |
| Au | ⓘ Native Gold | Au |
| Hg | Mercury | |
| Hg | ⓘ Tiemannite | HgSe |
| Pb | Lead | |
| Pb | ⓘ Anglesite | PbSO4 |
| Pb | ⓘ Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| Pb | ⓘ Clausthalite | PbSe |
| Pb | ⓘ Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| Pb | ⓘ Molybdomenite | PbSeO3 |
| Pb | ⓘ Olsacherite | Pb2(Se6+O4)(SO4) |
| Pb | ⓘ Wulfenite | Pb(MoO4) |
Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality
Altiplano PlateTectonic Plate
South AmericaContinent
- AndesMountain Range
South America Plate
- Eastern CordilleraOrogenic Belt
This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to
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References
Hurlbut, C. S. Jr., Aristarain, L. F . (1969) Olsascherite, Pb2(SO4)(SeO4), anew mineral from Bolivia. American Mineralogist, 54 (11-12) 1519-1527
Dunn, P. J., Peacor, D. R., Sturman, B. D. (1978) Mandarinoite, a new ferric-iron selenite from Bolivia. The Canadian Mineralogist, 16 (4) 605-609
Hawthorne, Frank C. (1984) The crystal structure of mandarinoite, Fe3+2Se3O9 · 6H2O. The Canadian Mineralogist, 22 (3) 475-480
Livingstone, A., Jackson, B., Davidson, P. J. (1984) Grimaldiite, CrOOH, a second occurrence, from the Hiaca Mine, Colquechaca, Bolivia. Mineralogical Magazine, 48 (349) 560-562 doi:10.1180/minmag.1984.048.349.16
Virgen de Surumi mine, Pakajake Canyon, Colquechaca Municipality, Chayanta Province, Potosí, Bolivia