Tongbei, Yunxiao Co., Zhangzhou, Fujian, Chinai
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Tongbei | Deposit |
| Yunxiao Co. | County |
| Zhangzhou | Prefecture-level City |
| Fujian | Province |
| China | Country |
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
23° 55' 59'' North , 117° 11' 11'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Type:
Köppen climate type:
Geologically, it is hosted within Mesozoic granitic intrusions (approximately 80 million years old) that formed along the ancient continental margin of the South China Plate. The mineralization is found in miarolitic cavities—gas pockets within the granite—where crystals were able to grow freely into open spaces, resulting in the exceptional clarity and form for which the locality is known.
The site is globally renowned for the contrast of its specimens, typically featuring vibrant orange spessartine garnets perched on dark, smoky quartz and white orthoclase feldspar.
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Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsMineral List
Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities20 valid minerals.
Rock Types Recorded
Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!
Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities
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Alphabetical List Tree DiagramDetailed Mineral List:
| ⓘ Albite Formula: Na(AlSi3O8) References: |
| ⓘ Beryl Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18) Colour: pale green Description: xls up to few mm long. |
| ⓘ Calcite Formula: CaCO3 |
| ⓘ Clinochlore Formula: Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| ⓘ 'Feldspar Group' |
| ⓘ Fluorite Formula: CaF2 Localities: Habit: octahedral xls Colour: colorless, pale green, pale to dark blue |
| ⓘ Helvine Formula: Be3Mn2+4(SiO4)3S Localities: Habit: pseudo-octahedral xls Colour: yellow, with dark surface coatings Description: xls rest either on feldspar or on smoky quartz. Helvite xls were found at Tongbei at the end of 2001 and the first xls collected had a dark surface coatings. Helvite xls discovered at later times lack the dark surface coatings but it is suspected that such pieces have been treated in Tongbei with HCl. |
| ⓘ Hematite Formula: Fe2O3 Habit: tabular xls |
| ⓘ Manganite Formula: Mn3+O(OH) |
| ⓘ Microcline Formula: K(AlSi3O8) Localities: Description: Rarely Manebach twins have been observed and characteristic of microcline. Feldspar xls in near surface pockets are often seen to be in the process of kaolinization. |
| ⓘ Milarite Formula: K(◻H2O)Ca2(Be2Al)[Si12O30] Description: xls up to 0,5 mm. |
| ⓘ Molybdenite Formula: MoS2 References: |
| ⓘ Muscovite Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 References: |
| ⓘ Opal Formula: SiO2 · nH2O Colour: Whitish Fluorescence: Bright green (SW UV) Description: Thin whitish crusts on orthoclase crystals and spessartine crystals. |
| ⓘ Opal var. Opal-AN Formula: SiO2 · nH2O Colour: Whitish Fluorescence: Bright green (SW UV) Description: Thin whitish crusts on orthoclase crystals and spessartine crystals. |
| ⓘ Orthoclase Formula: K(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ Pyrite Formula: FeS2 |
| ⓘ Quartz Formula: SiO2 |
| ⓘ Quartz var. Smoky Quartz Formula: SiO2 Description: xls up to 30 cm. |
| ⓘ Rhodochrosite Formula: MnCO3 References: Jeremie Pfister CollectionIdentified by Jérémie Pfister: SEM-EDS |
| ⓘ Schorl Formula: NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| ⓘ Spessartine Formula: Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3 Localities: Habit: trapezohedric xls Colour: orange |
| ⓘ Topaz Formula: Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Molybdenite | 2.EA.30 | MoS2 |
| ⓘ | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
| Group 3 - Halides | |||
| ⓘ | Fluorite | 3.AB.25 | CaF2 |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| ⓘ | Hematite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2O3 |
| ⓘ | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | var. Smoky Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | Opal var. Opal-AN | 4.DA.10 | SiO2 · nH2O |
| ⓘ | 4.DA.10 | SiO2 · nH2O | |
| ⓘ | Manganite | 4.FD.15 | Mn3+O(OH) |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| ⓘ | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | Rhodochrosite | 5.AB.05 | MnCO3 |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| ⓘ | Spessartine | 9.AD.25 | Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | Topaz | 9.AF.35 | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Beryl | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| ⓘ | Schorl | 9.CK.05 | NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| ⓘ | Milarite | 9.CM.05 | K(◻H2O)Ca2(Be2Al)[Si12O30] |
| ⓘ | Muscovite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Clinochlore | 9.EC.55 | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| ⓘ | Microcline | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | Orthoclase | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | Albite | 9.FA.35 | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | Helvine | 9.FB.10 | Be3Mn2+4(SiO4)3S |
| Unclassified | |||
| ⓘ | 'Feldspar Group' | - | |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| H | ⓘ Opal var. Opal-AN | SiO2 · nH2O |
| H | ⓘ Manganite | Mn3+O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Milarite | K(◻H2O)Ca2(Be2Al)[Si12O30] |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Opal | SiO2 · nH2O |
| H | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| Be | Beryllium | |
| Be | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Be | ⓘ Helvine | Be3Mn42+(SiO4)3S |
| Be | ⓘ Milarite | K(◻H2O)Ca2(Be2Al)[Si12O30] |
| B | Boron | |
| B | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| O | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| O | ⓘ Helvine | Be3Mn42+(SiO4)3S |
| O | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Opal var. Opal-AN | SiO2 · nH2O |
| O | ⓘ Manganite | Mn3+O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Milarite | K(◻H2O)Ca2(Be2Al)[Si12O30] |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Opal | SiO2 · nH2O |
| O | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Quartz var. Smoky Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Spessartine | Mn32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| F | Fluorine | |
| F | ⓘ Fluorite | CaF2 |
| F | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Na | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Al | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Al | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Milarite | K(◻H2O)Ca2(Be2Al)[Si12O30] |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Spessartine | Mn32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Al | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Si | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Si | ⓘ Helvine | Be3Mn42+(SiO4)3S |
| Si | ⓘ Opal var. Opal-AN | SiO2 · nH2O |
| Si | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Milarite | K(◻H2O)Ca2(Be2Al)[Si12O30] |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Opal | SiO2 · nH2O |
| Si | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz var. Smoky Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Spessartine | Mn32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | ⓘ Helvine | Be3Mn42+(SiO4)3S |
| S | ⓘ Molybdenite | MoS2 |
| S | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| K | Potassium | |
| K | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| K | ⓘ Milarite | K(◻H2O)Ca2(Be2Al)[Si12O30] |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Fluorite | CaF2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Milarite | K(◻H2O)Ca2(Be2Al)[Si12O30] |
| Mn | Manganese | |
| Mn | ⓘ Helvine | Be3Mn42+(SiO4)3S |
| Mn | ⓘ Manganite | Mn3+O(OH) |
| Mn | ⓘ Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
| Mn | ⓘ Spessartine | Mn32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Mo | Molybdenum | |
| Mo | ⓘ Molybdenite | MoS2 |
Localities in this Region
- Fujian
- Zhangzhou
- Yunxiao Co.
- Tongbei
- Yunxiao Co.
- Zhangzhou
Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality
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References
Tongbei, Yunxiao Co., Zhangzhou, Fujian, China