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Empire State No. 2 Mine, Balmat, Fowler, St. Lawrence County, New York, USA i
Regional Level Types
Empire State No. 2 Mine Group of Mines (Inactive)
Balmat Hamlet
Fowler Town
St. Lawrence County County
New York State
USA Country

Regional Level Types
Empire State No. 2 Mine	Group of Mines (Inactive)
Balmat	Hamlet
Fowler	Town
St. Lawrence County	County
New York	State
USA	Country

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Predictive Mineralogy

Calcite

Empire State No. 2 Mine, Balmat, Fowler, St. Lawrence County, New York, USA

Willemite, etc.

Empire State No. 2 Mine, Balmat, Fowler, St. Lawrence County, New York, USA

Celestine

Empire State No. 2 Mine, Balmat, Fowler, St. Lawrence County, New York, USA

Calcite

Empire State No. 2 Mine, Balmat, Fowler, St. Lawrence County, New York, USA

Willemite, etc.

Empire State No. 2 Mine, Balmat, Fowler, St. Lawrence County, New York, USA

Celestine

Empire State No. 2 Mine, Balmat, Fowler, St. Lawrence County, New York, USA

Calcite

Empire State No. 2 Mine, Balmat, Fowler, St. Lawrence County, New York, USA

Willemite, etc.

Empire State No. 2 Mine, Balmat, Fowler, St. Lawrence County, New York, USA

Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):

44° 15' 8'' North , 75° 23' 58'' West

Latitude & Longitude (decimal):

44.25225,-75.39966

GRN:

N30W39

Type:

Group of Mines (Inactive) - last checked 2022

Deposit first discovered:

1928 (approx.)

Köppen climate type:

Dfb : Warm-summer humid continental climate

Nearest Settlements:

Place	Population	Distance
Hailesboro	624 (2017)	7.4km
Gouverneur	3,797 (2017)	10.7km
Harrisville	622 (2017)	12.8km
Edwards	439 (2017)	14.3km
Antwerp	685 (2017)	17.5km

Nearest Clubs:
Local clubs are the best way to get access to collecting localities

Club	Location	Distance
St. Lawrence County Rock & Mineral Club	Canton, New York	42km

Mindat Locality ID:

213385

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:2:213385:3

GUID (UUID V4):

Other/historical names associated with this locality:

ESM No.2; ZCA No. 2 Mine; Balmat #2; St. Joe No.2 Mine

No. 2 mine inclined shaft sunk to 2500 ft. depth & 500 ton per day mill built in 1929, operational 1930. Closed in 1998.

The ESM #2 historic mine area is located immediately east of the Balmat-Fowler Road.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.

ⓘ Zinc

Mineral List

22 valid minerals.

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Calcite

Formula: CaCO₃

References:

Smithsonian Institute Collection

Robinson, George W., Chamberlain, Steven C. (2007) Gazetteer of Major New York State Mineral Localities. Rocks & Minerals, 82 (6) 472-483 doi:10.3200/rmin.82.6.474-483

ⓘ Celestine

Formula: SrSO₄

References:

Robinson, George W., Chamberlain, Steven C. (2007) Gazetteer of Major New York State Mineral Localities. Rocks & Minerals, 82 (6) 472-483 doi:10.3200/rmin.82.6.474-483

ⓘ Chalcopyrite

Formula: CuFeS₂

References:

Robinson, George W., Chamberlain, Steven C. (2007) Gazetteer of Major New York State Mineral Localities. Rocks & Minerals, 82 (6) 472-483 doi:10.3200/rmin.82.6.474-483

ⓘ 'Chlorite Group'

Habit: grains

Colour: olive green

Description: As grains with willemite and hematite in a rock found on the wall of the Gleason open pit by Howard Merk in 1993.

References:

Former Howard Merk collectionIdentified by Harold Moritz: Visual Identification

ⓘ Diopside

Formula: CaMgSi₂O₆

References:

https://www.titanminingcorp.com/_resources/reports/January_2025_Empire_State_Mines_NI-43-101_Technical_Report.pdf?v=082811p.7

ⓘ Dufrénoysite

Formula: Pb₂As₂S₅

References:

Chamberlain, Steven C., Robinson, George W., Robinson, Susan M. (2023) New York State: A Topographic Mineralogy (1st ed.) Self published. 352pp.

ⓘ Fluorapatite

Formula: Ca₅(PO₄)₃F

References:

Chamberlain, Steven C., Robinson, George W., Robinson, Susan M. (2023) New York State: A Topographic Mineralogy (1st ed.) Self published. 352pp.

ⓘ Galena

Formula: PbS

References:

Chamberlain, Steven C., Robinson, George W., Robinson, Susan M. (2023) New York State: A Topographic Mineralogy (1st ed.) Self published. 352pp.

ⓘ Gypsum

Formula: CaSO₄ · 2H₂O

References:

Robinson, George W., Chamberlain, Steven C. (2007) Gazetteer of Major New York State Mineral Localities. Rocks & Minerals, 82 (6) 472-483 doi:10.3200/rmin.82.6.474-483

ⓘ Haüyne

Formula: Na₃Ca(Si₃Al₃)O₁₂(SO₄)

References:

Robinson, George W., Chamberlain, Steven C. (2007) Gazetteer of Major New York State Mineral Localities. Rocks & Minerals, 82 (6) 472-483 doi:10.3200/rmin.82.6.474-483

ⓘ Hematite

Formula: Fe₂O₃

Habit: grains, coatings

Colour: black, red

Description: As grains and reddish coatings in a rock with willemite and chlorite found on the wall of the Gleason open pit by Howard Merk in 1993.

References:

Former Howard Merk collectionIdentified by Harold Moritz: Visual Identification

ⓘ Ilvaite

Formula: CaFe³⁺Fe²⁺₂(Si₂O₇)O(OH)

References:

Chamberlain, Steven C., Robinson, George W., Robinson, Susan M. (2023) New York State: A Topographic Mineralogy (1st ed.) Self published. 352pp.

ⓘ Lazurite

Formula: Na₇Ca(Al₆Si₆O₂₄)(SO₄)(S₃) · H₂O

References:

Robinson, George W., Chamberlain, Steven C. (2007) Gazetteer of Major New York State Mineral Localities. Rocks & Minerals, 82 (6) 472-483 doi:10.3200/rmin.82.6.474-483

ⓘ Lizardite

Formula: Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄

References:

Chamberlain, Steven C., Robinson, George W., Robinson, Susan M. (2023) New York State: A Topographic Mineralogy (1st ed.) Self published. 352pp.

ⓘ Magnetite

Formula: Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄

References:

Chamberlain, Steven C., Robinson, George W., Robinson, Susan M. (2023) New York State: A Topographic Mineralogy (1st ed.) Self published. 352pp.

ⓘ Pyrite

Formula: FeS₂

References:

Chamberlain, Steven C., Robinson, George W., Robinson, Susan M. (2023) New York State: A Topographic Mineralogy (1st ed.) Self published. 352pp.

ⓘ Quartz

Formula: SiO₂

References:

Chamberlain, Steven C., Robinson, George W., Robinson, Susan M. (2023) New York State: A Topographic Mineralogy (1st ed.) Self published. 352pp.

ⓘ Sepiolite

Formula: Mg₄(Si₆O₁₅)(OH)₂ · 6H₂O

References:

Chamberlain, Steven C., Robinson, George W., Robinson, Susan M. (2023) New York State: A Topographic Mineralogy (1st ed.) Self published. 352pp.

ⓘ 'Serpentine Subgroup'

Formula: D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄

References:

Robinson, George W., Chamberlain, Steven C. (2007) Gazetteer of Major New York State Mineral Localities. Rocks & Minerals, 82 (6) 472-483 doi:10.3200/rmin.82.6.474-483

ⓘ Siegenite

Formula: CoNi₂S₄

References:

Chamberlain, Steven C., Robinson, George W., Robinson, Susan M. (2023) New York State: A Topographic Mineralogy (1st ed.) Self published. 352pp.

ⓘ Smithsonite

Formula: ZnCO₃

References:

Chamberlain, Steven C., Robinson, George W., Robinson, Susan M. (2023) New York State: A Topographic Mineralogy (1st ed.) Self published. 352pp.

ⓘ Sphalerite

Formula: ZnS

References:

Robinson, George W., Chamberlain, Steven C. (2007) Gazetteer of Major New York State Mineral Localities. Rocks & Minerals, 82 (6) 472-483 doi:10.3200/rmin.82.6.474-483

ⓘ 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'

Formula: Cu₆(Cu₄C²⁺₂)Sb₄S₁₂S

References:

Chamberlain, Steven C., Robinson, George W., Robinson, Susan M. (2023) New York State: A Topographic Mineralogy (1st ed.) Self published. 352pp.

ⓘ Tremolite

Formula: ◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂

References:

Robinson, George W., Chamberlain, Steven C. (2007) Gazetteer of Major New York State Mineral Localities. Rocks & Minerals, 82 (6) 472-483 doi:10.3200/rmin.82.6.474-483

ⓘ Willemite

Formula: Zn₂SiO₄

Habit: grains

Colour: very pale green

Fluorescence: bright green under SW UV, with green afterglow, less bright under MW UV

Description: Grains to several mm in a rock with chlorite and hematite, found in the wall of the Gleason open pit by Howard Merk in 1993.

References:

Chamberlain, Steven C., Robinson, George W., Robinson, Susan M. (2023) New York State: A Topographic Mineralogy (1st ed.) Self published. 352pp.

Gallery:

CaCO₃ⓘ Calcite

Calcite

Empire State No. 2 Mine, Balmat, Fowler, St. Lawrence County, New York, USA

Calcite

Empire State No. 2 Mine, Balmat, Fowler, St. Lawrence County, New York, USA

Calcite

Empire State No. 2 Mine, Balmat, Fowler, St. Lawrence County, New York, USA

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘ	Sphalerite	2.CB.05a	ZnS
ⓘ	Chalcopyrite	2.CB.10a	CuFeS₂
ⓘ	Galena	2.CD.10	PbS
ⓘ	Siegenite	2.DA.05	CoNi₂S₄
ⓘ	Pyrite	2.EB.05a	FeS₂
ⓘ	'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'	2.GB.05	Cu₆(Cu₄C²⁺₂)Sb₄S₁₂S
ⓘ	Dufrénoysite	2.HC.05d	Pb₂As₂S₅
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ	Magnetite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄
ⓘ	Hematite	4.CB.05	Fe₂O₃
ⓘ	Quartz	4.DA.05	SiO₂
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘ	Calcite	5.AB.05	CaCO₃
ⓘ	Smithsonite	5.AB.05	ZnCO₃
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘ	Celestine	7.AD.35	SrSO₄
ⓘ	Gypsum	7.CD.40	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘ	Fluorapatite	8.BN.05	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘ	Willemite	9.AA.05	Zn₂SiO₄
ⓘ	Ilvaite	9.BE.07	CaFe³⁺Fe²⁺₂(Si₂O₇)O(OH)
ⓘ	Diopside	9.DA.15	CaMgSi₂O₆
ⓘ	Tremolite	9.DE.10	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Lizardite	9.ED.15	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
ⓘ	Sepiolite	9.EE.25	Mg₄(Si₆O₁₅)(OH)₂ · 6H₂O
ⓘ	Haüyne	9.FB.10	Na₃Ca(Si₃Al₃)O₁₂(SO₄)
ⓘ	Lazurite	9.FB.10	Na₇Ca(Al₆Si₆O₂₄)(SO₄)(S₃) · H₂O
Unclassified
ⓘ	'Chlorite Group'	-
ⓘ	'Serpentine Subgroup'	-	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄

List of minerals for each chemical element

H	Hydrogen
H	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
H	ⓘ Ilvaite	CaFe³⁺Fe₂²⁺(Si₂O₇)O(OH)
H	ⓘ Lazurite	Na₇Ca(Al₆Si₆O₂₄)(SO₄)(S₃) · H₂O
H	ⓘ Lizardite	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
H	ⓘ Sepiolite	Mg₄(Si₆O₁₅)(OH)₂ · 6H₂O
H	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄
C	Carbon
C	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
C	ⓘ Smithsonite	ZnCO₃
O	Oxygen
O	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
O	ⓘ Celestine	SrSO₄
O	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
O	ⓘ Fluorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
O	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
O	ⓘ Haüyne	Na₃Ca(Si₃Al₃)O₁₂(SO₄)
O	ⓘ Hematite	Fe₂O₃
O	ⓘ Ilvaite	CaFe³⁺Fe₂²⁺(Si₂O₇)O(OH)
O	ⓘ Lazurite	Na₇Ca(Al₆Si₆O₂₄)(SO₄)(S₃) · H₂O
O	ⓘ Lizardite	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
O	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
O	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Sepiolite	Mg₄(Si₆O₁₅)(OH)₂ · 6H₂O
O	ⓘ Smithsonite	ZnCO₃
O	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Willemite	Zn₂SiO₄
O	ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄
F	Fluorine
F	ⓘ Fluorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
Na	Sodium
Na	ⓘ Haüyne	Na₃Ca(Si₃Al₃)O₁₂(SO₄)
Na	ⓘ Lazurite	Na₇Ca(Al₆Si₆O₂₄)(SO₄)(S₃) · H₂O
Mg	Magnesium
Mg	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Lizardite	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Mg	ⓘ Sepiolite	Mg₄(Si₆O₁₅)(OH)₂ · 6H₂O
Mg	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Al	Aluminium
Al	ⓘ Haüyne	Na₃Ca(Si₃Al₃)O₁₂(SO₄)
Al	ⓘ Lazurite	Na₇Ca(Al₆Si₆O₂₄)(SO₄)(S₃) · H₂O
Si	Silicon
Si	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Haüyne	Na₃Ca(Si₃Al₃)O₁₂(SO₄)
Si	ⓘ Ilvaite	CaFe³⁺Fe₂²⁺(Si₂O₇)O(OH)
Si	ⓘ Lazurite	Na₇Ca(Al₆Si₆O₂₄)(SO₄)(S₃) · H₂O
Si	ⓘ Lizardite	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Si	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Sepiolite	Mg₄(Si₆O₁₅)(OH)₂ · 6H₂O
Si	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Willemite	Zn₂SiO₄
Si	ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄
P	Phosphorus
P	ⓘ Fluorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
S	Sulfur
S	ⓘ Celestine	SrSO₄
S	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
S	ⓘ Dufrénoysite	Pb₂As₂S₅
S	ⓘ Galena	PbS
S	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
S	ⓘ Haüyne	Na₃Ca(Si₃Al₃)O₁₂(SO₄)
S	ⓘ Lazurite	Na₇Ca(Al₆Si₆O₂₄)(SO₄)(S₃) · H₂O
S	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
S	ⓘ Siegenite	CoNi₂S₄
S	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
S	ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)Sb₄S₁₂S
Ca	Calcium
Ca	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
Ca	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Fluorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
Ca	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Haüyne	Na₃Ca(Si₃Al₃)O₁₂(SO₄)
Ca	ⓘ Ilvaite	CaFe³⁺Fe₂²⁺(Si₂O₇)O(OH)
Ca	ⓘ Lazurite	Na₇Ca(Al₆Si₆O₂₄)(SO₄)(S₃) · H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Fe	Iron
Fe	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Hematite	Fe₂O₃
Fe	ⓘ Ilvaite	CaFe³⁺Fe₂²⁺(Si₂O₇)O(OH)
Fe	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
Fe	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
Co	Cobalt
Co	ⓘ Siegenite	CoNi₂S₄
Ni	Nickel
Ni	ⓘ Siegenite	CoNi₂S₄
Cu	Copper
Cu	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Cu	ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)Sb₄S₁₂S
Zn	Zinc
Zn	ⓘ Smithsonite	ZnCO₃
Zn	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
Zn	ⓘ Willemite	Zn₂SiO₄
As	Arsenic
As	ⓘ Dufrénoysite	Pb₂As₂S₅
Sr	Strontium
Sr	ⓘ Celestine	SrSO₄
Sb	Antimony
Sb	ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)Sb₄S₁₂S
Pb	Lead
Pb	ⓘ Dufrénoysite	Pb₂As₂S₅
Pb	ⓘ Galena	PbS

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

North AmericaContinent

North America PlateTectonic Plate

Grenville OrogenyOrogenic Belt
Shawnee DomainDomain

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