Bailingshan Fe-(Cu) deposit, Shanshan Co., Turpan, Xinjiang, Chinai
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Bailingshan Fe-(Cu) deposit | Deposit |
| Shanshan Co. | County |
| Turpan | Prefecture |
| Xinjiang | Autonomous Region |
| China | Country |
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
41° 49' 35'' North , 91° 19' 14'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Type:
Köppen climate type:
Name(s) in local language(s):
百灵山铁(铜)矿, 哈密市 (قۇمۇل شەھىرى), 哈密地区 (قۇمۇل ۋىلايىتى), 新疆维吾尔自治区, 中国
Skarn-type iron-copper deposit.
It contains a reserve of 13 Mt iron ore with an average grade of 44.94%. The strata exposed in the mining area are the Late Carboniferous andesitic and dacitic tuff, andesitic breccia tuff, andesitic breccia crystal tuff. A total of four iron orebodies have been recognized in the deposit. The No. 1 orebody is the largest and contains about 50% of the iron ore reserves in the deposit. Most iron orebodies are conformable with their country rocks. Garnet-magnetite, garnet-epidote magnetite, and epidote-magnetite are three major types of iron ores. The ores may be both disseminated and massive, but in places they are brecciated or banded.
The Bailingshan iron deposit contains a reserve of ∼13.1 Mt Fe ore with an average grade of 44.94 wt.%. Three stratiform orebodies have been recognized in the deposit. The No. 1 orebody (dips NE at 10°–30°; 1–12 m thick) is the largest one with a strike of 115°–295°, characterized by irregular stratiform and lenticular shape. The smaller No. 2 and No. 3 orebodies occur in andesitic breccia tuff in the Unit 2 and dacitic tuff in the Unit 1 of the Late Carboniferous Dikan'er Formation, respectively.
The Bailingshan deposit hosts six Fe orebodies with a total estimated reserve of 18.35 Mt at 30.5–53.9 wt.% Fe, four of which (I-1, I-2, II, and III) exhibit economic mineralization. Orebody I-1 in the lower part of lithological Unit 2 is the largest in scale (700 × 321 × 2.91 m), with an average grade of 44.56% Fe. Orebodies I-2, II and III are hosted in Unit 1, and I-2 is the largest (1015 × 670 × 8.39 m; avg. 40.62% Fe). Most magnetite orebodies occur mainly as stratabound and lenticular to pod-shaped within the host volcanic rocks, with minor vein-type orebodies crosscutting the volcanic sequence. The magnetite ore predominantly exhibits massive, banded, spotted, brecciated, and disseminated textures and is composed primarily of magnetite, hematite, specularite and pyrite.
It contains a reserve of 13 Mt iron ore with an average grade of 44.94%. The strata exposed in the mining area are the Late Carboniferous andesitic and dacitic tuff, andesitic breccia tuff, andesitic breccia crystal tuff. A total of four iron orebodies have been recognized in the deposit. The No. 1 orebody is the largest and contains about 50% of the iron ore reserves in the deposit. Most iron orebodies are conformable with their country rocks. Garnet-magnetite, garnet-epidote magnetite, and epidote-magnetite are three major types of iron ores. The ores may be both disseminated and massive, but in places they are brecciated or banded.
The Bailingshan iron deposit contains a reserve of ∼13.1 Mt Fe ore with an average grade of 44.94 wt.%. Three stratiform orebodies have been recognized in the deposit. The No. 1 orebody (dips NE at 10°–30°; 1–12 m thick) is the largest one with a strike of 115°–295°, characterized by irregular stratiform and lenticular shape. The smaller No. 2 and No. 3 orebodies occur in andesitic breccia tuff in the Unit 2 and dacitic tuff in the Unit 1 of the Late Carboniferous Dikan'er Formation, respectively.
The Bailingshan deposit hosts six Fe orebodies with a total estimated reserve of 18.35 Mt at 30.5–53.9 wt.% Fe, four of which (I-1, I-2, II, and III) exhibit economic mineralization. Orebody I-1 in the lower part of lithological Unit 2 is the largest in scale (700 × 321 × 2.91 m), with an average grade of 44.56% Fe. Orebodies I-2, II and III are hosted in Unit 1, and I-2 is the largest (1015 × 670 × 8.39 m; avg. 40.62% Fe). Most magnetite orebodies occur mainly as stratabound and lenticular to pod-shaped within the host volcanic rocks, with minor vein-type orebodies crosscutting the volcanic sequence. The magnetite ore predominantly exhibits massive, banded, spotted, brecciated, and disseminated textures and is composed primarily of magnetite, hematite, specularite and pyrite.
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsCommodity List
This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.Mineral List
17 valid minerals.
Rock Types Recorded
Select Rock List Type
Alphabetical List Tree DiagramDetailed Mineral List:
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Chalcopyrite | 2.CB.10a | CuFeS2 |
| ⓘ | Pyrrhotite | 2.CC.10 | Fe1-xS |
| ⓘ | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| ⓘ | 'Microlite Group' | 4.00. | A2-mTa2X6-wZ1-n |
| ⓘ | Magnetite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| ⓘ | Hematite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2O3 |
| ⓘ | var. Martite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2O3 |
| ⓘ | var. Specularite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2O3 |
| ⓘ | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| ⓘ | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | Malachite | 5.BA.10 | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| ⓘ | Andradite | 9.AD.25 | Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | Grossular | 9.AD.25 | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | Zircon | 9.AD.30 | Zr(SiO4) |
| ⓘ | Epidote | 9.BG.05a | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| ⓘ | Diopside | 9.DA.15 | CaMgSi2O6 |
| ⓘ | Actinolite | 9.DE.10 | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Tremolite | 9.DE.10 | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Muscovite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | var. Sericite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Albite | 9.FA.35 | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Unclassified | |||
| ⓘ | 'Amphibole Supergroup' | - | AB2C5(T8O22)W2 |
| ⓘ | 'Biotite' | - | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| ⓘ | 'Chlorite Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Limonite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Tourmaline' | - | AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| ⓘ | 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Andradite-Grossular Series' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'K Feldspar' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Garnet Group' | - | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| H | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| H | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| B | Boron | |
| B | ⓘ Tourmaline | AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5(T8O22)W2 |
| O | ⓘ Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| O | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| O | ⓘ Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
| O | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Hematite var. Martite | Fe2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Tourmaline | AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| O | ⓘ Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| O | ⓘ Hematite var. Specularite | Fe2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Andradite-Grossular Series | |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Garnet Group | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| F | Fluorine | |
| F | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Mg | ⓘ Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Andradite-Grossular Series | |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| Si | ⓘ Andradite-Grossular Series | |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Garnet Group | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
| K | Potassium | |
| K | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Andradite-Grossular Series | |
| Ti | Titanium | |
| Ti | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Hematite var. Martite | Fe2O3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
| Fe | ⓘ Hematite var. Specularite | Fe2O3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Andradite-Grossular Series | |
| Cu | Copper | |
| Cu | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Zr | Zirconium | |
| Zr | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| Ta | Tantalum | |
| Ta | ⓘ Microlite Group | A2-mTa2X6-wZ1-n |
Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality
AsiaContinent
Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate
- Tian Shan
- North Tian ShanOrogenic Belt
- South Tian Shan
- Aqishan-Yamansu Fe-Cu-Au metallogenic beltMineral Belt
- Tian Shan FoldbeltOrogenic Belt
TurkestanArea
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References
Mao, Jingwen, Goldfarb, Richard J., Wang, Yitian, Hart, Craig J., Wang, Zhiliang, Yang, Jianmin (2005) Late Paleozoic base and precious metal deposits, East Tianshan, Xinjiang, China: Characteristics and geodynamic setting. Episodes, 28 (1) 23-36 doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2005/v28i1/003
[1]Zheng, Jiahao (2020) A synthesis of iron deposits in the eastern Tianshan, NW China. Geoscience Frontiers, 11 (4) 1271-1287 doi:10.1016/j.gsf.2019.11.014
Zhang, Hui; Wang, Yin-Hong; Zhang, Fang-Fang; Liu, Jia-Jun; Sun, Min; Wang, Kang; Zhang, Wei; Zhang, Zhong-Yu; Huang, Yun-Ying (2022) Origin of the subduction-related Late Carboniferous dacitic tuffs associated with the Bailingshan Fe deposit in Eastern Tianshan, NW China: Geochronological, geochemical, and Sr-Nd-Hf-O isotopic constraints. Ore Geology Reviews, 142. 104725 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2022.104725
[3]Chai, Fengmei; Meng, Qingpeng; Xu, Mengjing; Qi, Dongmei; Zhao, Haitao (2026) Multiple-Stage Mineralization at the Bailingshan Volcanic-Hosted Iron Deposit, Xinjiang, NW China: Constraints from Garnet U-Pb and Amphibole Ar-Ar Geochronology and Garnet Geochemistry. Minerals, 16 (8). doi:10.3390/min16080831
[2]Wang, Yin-Hong; Zhang, Hui; Seltmann, Reimar; Wang, Kang; Zhang, Fang-Fang; Liu, Jia-Jun; Zhou, Dao-Qing (2026) Arc magmatic evolution of submarine volcanic-hosted iron deposits: Insights from an economic deposit class in the southern Central Asian orogenic belt, Northwest China. Geoscience Frontiers, 17 (5). p.102361. doi:10.1016/j.gsf.2026.102361