Chalcophyllite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Chalcophyllite
Formula:
Cu18Al2(AsO4)4(SO4)3(OH)24 · 36H2O
Colour:
Emerald green, grass green, bluish green, blue; green in transmitted light
Lustre:
Sub-Adamantine, Vitreous, Pearly
Hardness:
2
Specific Gravity:
2.67 - 2.69
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Name:
From the Greek χαλκός (chalkos) for "copper" and φύλλον (phullon) for "leaf," in allusion to the composition, containing copper, and the platy habit of the crystals.
Type Locality:
An uncommon secondary mineral occurring in the oxidised zones of some arsenic-bearing hydrothermal polymetallic deposits.
Can be partially dehydrated.
The arsenate analogue of Unnamed (P analogue of chalcophyllite) and of tiberiobardiite.
Related to, but distinct from barrotite.
May be confused with tabular spangolite.
Can be partially dehydrated.
The arsenate analogue of Unnamed (P analogue of chalcophyllite) and of tiberiobardiite.
Related to, but distinct from barrotite.
May be confused with tabular spangolite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
979
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:979:7
Similar Names
IMA Classification of Chalcophyllite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Cu2+18Al2(As5+O4)4(S6+O4)3(OH)24·36H2O
Classification of Chalcophyllite
8.DF.30
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
F : With only medium-sized cations, (OH,etc.):RO4 > 3:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
F : With only medium-sized cations, (OH,etc.):RO4 > 3:1
43.5.14.1
43 : COMPOUND PHOSPHATES, ETC.
5 : Hydrated Compound Phosphates, etc·, Containing Hydroxyl or Halogen
43 : COMPOUND PHOSPHATES, ETC.
5 : Hydrated Compound Phosphates, etc·, Containing Hydroxyl or Halogen
22.3.6
22 : Phosphates, Arsenates or Vanadates with other Anions
3 : Phosphates, arsenates or vanadates with sulphates
22 : Phosphates, Arsenates or Vanadates with other Anions
3 : Phosphates, arsenates or vanadates with sulphates
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Chp | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Chp | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Pronunciation of Chalcophyllite
Pronunciation:
| Play | Recorded by | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Chalcophyllite
Sub-Adamantine, Vitreous, Pearly
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Comment:
Lustre pearly on {0001}, and possibly overall, especially on partial dehydration
Colour:
Emerald green, grass green, bluish green, blue; green in transmitted light
Streak:
Pale green to bluish green
Hardness:
2 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect on {0001}, micaceous; in traces on {1011}.
Perfect on {0001}, micaceous; in traces on {1011}.
Density:
2.67 - 2.69 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.684 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Chalcophyllite
Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 1.618 - 1.632 nε = 1.552 - 1.575
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.057 - 0.066
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Moderate (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized uniaxial interference figure - the conoscopic
(convergent-light, Bertrand-lens-in) view, for a grain cut with the optic axis
centred and vertical. The coloured rings are isochromatics, computed with the
same physics as the Michel-Lévy bar above; the dark cross is the isogyre.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
O = Bluish green
E = Nearly colourless
E = Nearly colourless
Comments:
Indices of refraction vary markedly depending on the relative humidity since the water content varies at ambient temperature.
Chemistry of Chalcophyllite
Mindat Formula:
Cu18Al2(AsO4)4(SO4)3(OH)24 · 36H2O
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Chalcophyllite
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3 - Rhombohedral
Space Group:
R3
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.756(2) Å, c = 28.678(4) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 2.666
Unit Cell V:
2,873.30 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
Crystals platy, six-sided with a hexagonal aspect, flattened on {0001}, with prominent {0112}. May exhibit numerous other forms and may be striated triangularly on {0001}; forms rosettes: also drusy, foliated, massive.
Twinning:
On {1010} as twin plane.
Comment:
Z = 1.5
Crystallographic forms of Chalcophyllite
Crystal Atlas:
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Chalcophyllite no.6 - {001} - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided by
www.smorf.nl.
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Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0010821 | Chalcophyllite | Sabelli C (1980) The crystal structure of chalcophyllite Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 151 129-140 |  | 1980 | Cornwall, England | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 9.47 Å | (100) |
| 7.10 Å | (18) |
| 4.71 Å | (31) |
| 3.59 Å | (12) |
| 2.67 Å | (25) |
| 2.58 Å | (48) |
| 2.34 Å | (32) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47b : [Sulfates and sulfites] | |
| 47d : [Arsenates, antimonates, selenates, bismuthinates] |
Geological Setting:
Oxidised zone of arsenic-bearing polymetallic hydrothermal deposits.
Type Occurrence of Chalcophyllite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Mining Academy, Freiberg, Saxony, Germany.
Synonyms of Chalcophyllite
Other Language Names for Chalcophyllite
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 70 photos of Chalcophyllite associated with Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| 57 photos of Chalcophyllite associated with Cyanotrichite | Cu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O |
| 38 photos of Chalcophyllite associated with Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 34 photos of Chalcophyllite associated with Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| 28 photos of Chalcophyllite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 22 photos of Chalcophyllite associated with Langite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| 20 photos of Chalcophyllite associated with Parnauite | Cu9(AsO4)2(SO4)(OH)10 · 7H2O |
| 16 photos of Chalcophyllite associated with Cornubite | Cu5(AsO4)2(OH)4 |
| 16 photos of Chalcophyllite associated with Connellite | Cu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O |
| 14 photos of Chalcophyllite associated with Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.DF. | Wiperamingaite | NaCaFe3+Al(PO4)F5(OH) · H2O |
| 8.DF. | Kernowite | Cu2Fe(AsO4)(OH)4 · 4H2O |
| 8.DF.05 | Hotsonite | Al11(SO4)3(PO4)2(OH)21 · 16H2O |
| 8.DF.10 | Liskeardite | [(Al,Fe)32(AsO4)18(OH)42(H2O)22] · 52H2O |
| 8.DF.10 | Rosièresite | (Pb, Cu, Al, P, O, H) |
| 8.DF.10 | Evansite | Al3(PO4)(OH)6 · 6H2O |
| 8.DF.10 | Bolivarite | Al2(PO4)(OH)3 · 4-5H2O |
| 8.DF.15 | Rusakovite | (Fe3+,Al)5(VO4,PO4)2(OH)9 · 3H2O |
| 8.DF.20 | Liroconite | Cu2Al(AsO4)(OH)4 · 4H2O |
| 8.DF.25 | Sieleckiite | Cu3Al4(PO4)2(OH)12 · 2H2O |
| 8.DF.35 | Parnauite | Cu9(AsO4)2(SO4)(OH)10 · 7H2O |
| 8.DF.40 | Gladiusite | Fe2(Fe,Mg)4(PO4)(OH)11(H2O) |
| 8.DF.50 | Forêtite | Cu2Al2(AsO4)(OH,O,H2O)6 |
Other Information
Notes:
Soluble in acids and in ammonia.
Water content varies at room temperature based on relative humidity.
Alters to Chrysocolla.
Water content varies at room temperature based on relative humidity.
Alters to Chrysocolla.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Chalcophyllite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-979.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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Mineral Dealers:
References for Chalcophyllite
Reference List:
Haüy, René Just (1801) Traité de Minéralogie (1st ed.) Vol. 3. Chez Louis, Paris. p.509 - as Cuivre arseniaté lamelliforme
Beudant, François-Sulpice (1832) Traité élémentaire de minéralogie. Deuxiéme Edition [Elementary Treatise on Mineralogy. Second Edition] (2nd ed.) Vol. 2 - Tome II [Volume II]. Chez Verdière. p.598 - as Erinite
Brooke, Henry J., Phillips, William (1852) An Elementary Introduction to Mineralogy (6th ed.) p.512 - as Tamarite
Church, A. H. (1870) Chemical research on new or rare Cornish minerals. Journal of the Chemical Society, 23. 165-171 doi:10.1039/js8702300165
Hartley, E. G. J. (1899) Communications from the Oxford Mineralogical Laboratory. On the constitution of the mineral Arsenates and Phosphates: Part 1 - Chalcophyllite. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 12 (55) 120-122 doi:10.1180/minmag.1899.012.55.09
Gaubert, M. P. (1904) Produits de déshydratation de quelques phosphates et orientation du chlorure de baryum sur les minéraux du groupe de l´autunite. Bulletin de la Société Française de Minéralogie, 27. 222-233 pp.223-224 - (as Métachalcophyllite).
Palache, C., Merwin, H. E. (1909) On connellite and chalcophyllite from Bisbee, Arizona. American Journal Of Science, S. 4 Vol. 28. 537-540
Corbett, Ronald K. (1973) Mineralogical Notes: X-ray “powder” data for chalcophyllite. American Mineralogist, 58 (7-8) 792-793
Sabelli, C. (1980) The crystal structure of chalcophyllite. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials, 151 (1-2). 129-140 doi:10.1524/zkri.1980.151.1-2.129
Bowell, Rob, Cook, Robert B. (2009) Chalcophyllite. Rocks & Minerals, 84 (5) 434-441 doi:10.3200/rmin.84.5.434-441
Localities for Chalcophyllite
Showing 259 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Raúl Jorge Tauber Larry |
Australia | |
| Ashley et al. (1999) |
Austria | |
| Pichler (2009) |
| Pichler (2009) |
| Christian Auer (2014) |
| Puttner (1996) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Blaß et al. (1999) +1 other reference |
| Hackenberg (2003) |
| Fritz Schreiber collection |
| Kolitsch et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
| Poeverlein (2008) |
| Postl (1991) +1 other reference |
| Neschen (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Karl Schebesta collection (Uwe Kolitsch SXRD analysis) |
| C.Auer (2015) |
| Auer & Postl (2016) |
| C.Auer (2012) | |
| Kolitsch et al. (2012) |
| - (1994, July) |
| Kolitsch (2017) |
| 58. +1 other reference |
| Schnorrer et al. (2007) |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
| - (n.d.) +1 other reference |
Belgium | |
| |
| Arnold Van Herreweghe Collection |
| Michel Blondieau. +1 other reference |
| Hatert et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
| |
Bolivia | |
| Wilson (2001) |
Brazil | |
| Lavinsky (n.d.) |
Canada | |
| Personal collection of John Dagenais +1 other reference |
Chile | |
| Bowell et al. (2009) |
| Betts (n.d.) |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
China | |
| Sapphirious Collection |
Czech Republic | |
| Hloušek et al. (2002) |
| Desor (04/2022) |
| |
| Sejkora et al. (2006) |
| |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| |
Europe | |
| Vrtiška et al. (2016) |
France | |
| EDS analysed by Chollet Pascal at ... |
| Alain Hanson collection |
| De Ascençao Guedes (2003) |
| Favreau G. et al. (1996) |
| Wittern et al. (1997) |
| Bari (1982) |
| Thierry Brunsperger collection |
| T. Brunsperger observations | |
| Bari (1982) | |
| Wittern et al. (1997) | |
| Wittern et al. (1997) | |
| Escande et al. (1973) +6 other references |
| Escande et al. (1973) +6 other references | |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| Queneau (n.d.) | |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| Cooper (1997) |
| Pélisson et al. (1987) |
| Christian Berbain collection |
| Favreau et al. (2010) |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| coll bernard bouissac/ antoine martinez |
| R.Pauvert |
| François Garric collection |
| Sarp et al. (1996) |
| Palache et al. (1951) +4 other references |
| CLAUDE jean-marie : trouvaille et ... | |
Germany | |
| Emser Hefte 15 (3) |
| www.mineralienatlas.de (2021) |
| Gottschalk et al. (1995) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| American Mineralogist: 67: 854. +1 other reference |
| |
| Hanneberg et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
| Collection of Steffen Michalski |
| Blessing et al. (1991) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Schnorrer-Köhler (1988) | |
| Schnorrer-Köhler (1988) | |
| |
| Koch (2008) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Schnorrer-Köhler (1991) | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| |
| Der Aufschluss 2000 (2) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Lapis (12) |
| Blaß et al. (1995) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Blaß et al. (1995) |
| Weiß (1990) +1 other reference |
| Schnorrer et al. (1998) |
| Schnorrer et al. (2000) | |
| Emser Hefte 1987 (4) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Stolze et al. (07/2020) |
| Martin et al. (2001) +1 other reference |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Hajek (2010) |
| www.dergraul.de (2001) |
| Lapis 30 (7/8) | |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Kolitsch et al. (1997) +1 other reference |
| Gröbner et al. (2006) |
Greece | |
| |
| Fritz Schreiber collection | |
| |
| Ko Jansen |
Hungary | |
| Tóth Collection |
India | |
| Ahmed et al. (2018) |
Ireland | |
| S. Burchmore Collection |
Italy | |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Cecchi A. (1986) |
| Rivista Mineralogica Italiana (Avril/Juin) |
| Redazionale (2005) |
| Redazione (2005) |
| Bruno Marello Coolected +2 other references |
| Dr. Uwe Kolitsch (EDS+XRD) |
| M.E. Ciriotti Probed 2005 |
| Vergani (2019) +1 other reference |
| Ciriotti et al. (2019) |
| Ciriotti et al. (2019) | |
| |
| Tagliabue-Foschi and Antonio Borelli ... |
| Stara et al. (1996) | |
| Fernando Caboni et al. (2024) | |
| Fernando Caboni et al. (2024) | |
| Campostrini et al. (1999) |
| Daniel Lorenz |
| Ferretti et al. (2017) |
| Exel (1987) |
| Gasparetto et al. (2014) |
| Erica Bittarello +3 other references |
| "Lithothek der Münchener Micromounter" ... |
| Jansen et al. (1998) | |
| Int. Assoc. of Collectors of Slag Minerals (2) +1 other reference |
| Jansen et al. (1998) |
| Cerutti et al. (1995) |
| Orlandi et al. (1994) +1 other reference |
| Guelfi et al. (1987) +2 other references |
| Orlandi et al. (2009) |
| Boscardin et al. (1983) +1 other reference |
| Orlandi et al. (2009) | |
| Orlandi et al. (1989) +1 other reference |
| Domenico Saccardo et al. (2019) +1 other reference |
Japan | |
| Matsubara and Miyawaki (2006) |
| Suzuki et al (2004) |
| Kato (1973) |
| Nagashima et al. (2021) | |
Kyrgyzstan | |
| ... |
Namibia | |
| [MinRec 8:Tsumeb 22] |
New Zealand | |
| Read (1986) +1 other reference |
Poland | |
| Ciesielczuk et al. (2003) |
Portugal | |
| Marques de Sá et al. (2010) |
| Spanish mineral collectors |
| Uwe Kolitsch SXRD- and EDS-analyses ("chalcophyllite" samples were wrongly identified - they are in fact the "unnamed Cu-S-Si-O-H" phase) |
| Identified in Rebentão Mine |
| |
Romania | |
| www.minerals-of-the-carpathians |
| collector: Gábor Koller |
Russia | |
| Cherkasova et al. (2014, August) |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
Slovakia | |
| Kodě +2 other references |
| Pauliš +4 other references |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
| Řídkošil (1978) |
| Martin Števko-unpublished | |
| Martin Števko-unpublished |
South Africa | |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| SAMS (South African Micromount Society) |
Spain | |
| Joan Rosell. RosellMinerals |
| Ertl (2009) |
| Pedro Mingueza et al. (2022) |
| Viñals et al. (1990) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2015) |
| Collection and photos of Adrian Pesudo |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Meisser (1999) |
| Meisser (1999) | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Ansermet (2012) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
| Ansermet (2012) | |
| Ansermet (2012) | |
UK (TL) | |
| Church (1870) +1 other reference |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Phillips (1823) +1 other reference | |
| Collection Richard De Nul | |
| |
| Hall (1868) +1 other reference |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Martin Stolworthy Collection | |
| Lapis 11 (2) |
| S. Rust collection. | |
| Phillips (1823) +1 other reference | |
| Golley et al. (1995) +1 other reference |
| |
| Specimens in numerous collections (e.g. Steve Rust, Ian Acworth) |
| P Haas specimen no. 74-051 +1 other reference |
| Embrey et al. (1987) |
| G.Curtis collection. |
| Collection Richard De Nul |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| B Day Collection | |
| [www.thamesvalleyminerals.com] +1 other reference |
| Phillips (1823) +2 other references | |
| Phillips (1823) +1 other reference | |
| |
| Golley et al. (1995) +1 other reference | |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| S. Rust collection | |
| S. Rust collection. |
| |
| Norman Wilson collection |
| Hartley (1984) +1 other reference |
| Stanley et al. (1991) | |
| |
| Paul De Bondt collection. | |
| Hubbard et al. (2005) |
| S.Rust Collection |
| Day (1999) |
| S. Rust collection |
| Day (1999) |
USA | |
| Graeme (1981) |
| Dana 6:A3:19. +3 other references |
| Michael Cline collection |
| Bideaux et al. (1960) +1 other reference |
| Kampf et al. (2018) |
| Marty | |
| Ron Layton Collection |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Thorne (n.d.) |
| King et al. (1994) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Barrick Gold Corporation |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
| 24: 176. +4 other references |
| - (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Rocks & Minerals. Nov. 1999. |
| Smith and Hioff (1984) |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Dana 6: 1092. +3 other references | |
| Collected by and in the collection of ... | |
| Thorne (n.d.) | |
| R&M 68:6 p372-380 |
| Collected by and in the collection of ... |
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Salsigne mine, Salsigne, Carcassonne, Aude, Occitanie, France