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Vihorlatite

A valid IMA mineral species

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Vihorlatite

Quartzite outcrops, Poruba pod Vihorlatom, Michalovce District, Košice Region, Slovakia

Vihorlatite

Quartzite outcrops, Poruba pod Vihorlatom, Michalovce District, Košice Region, Slovakia

Vihorlatite

Quartzite outcrops, Poruba pod Vihorlatom, Michalovce District, Košice Region, Slovakia

Vihorlatite

Quartzite outcrops, Poruba pod Vihorlatom, Michalovce District, Košice Region, Slovakia

Vihorlatite

Quartzite outcrops, Poruba pod Vihorlatom, Michalovce District, Košice Region, Slovakia

Vihorlatite

Quartzite outcrops, Poruba pod Vihorlatom, Michalovce District, Košice Region, Slovakia

Vihorlatite

Quartzite outcrops, Poruba pod Vihorlatom, Michalovce District, Košice Region, Slovakia

Vihorlatite

Quartzite outcrops, Poruba pod Vihorlatom, Michalovce District, Košice Region, Slovakia

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About VihorlatiteHide

Vihorlatite occurrence

Quartzite outcrops, Poruba pod Vihorlatom, Michalovce District, Košice Region, Slovakia

Formula:

Bi₂₄Se₁₇Te₄

Colour:

Steel gray

Lustre:

Metallic

Specific Gravity:

8.0

Crystal System:

Trigonal

Member of:

Tetradymite Group

Name:

Named after the Vihorlat Mountains, which include the type locality. The Vihorlat Mountains are a volcanic mountain range in eastern Slovakia and western Ukraine. A part of the range is listed as a World Heritage Site.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Quartzite outcrops, Poruba pod Vihorlatom, Michalovce District, Košice Region, Slovakia

This page provides mineralogical data about Vihorlatite.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

7356

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:7356:7

IMA Classification of VihorlatiteHide

IMA status:

Approved

Approval year:

1988

First published:

2007

Type description reference:

Skála, Roman, Ondruš, Petr, Veselovký, František, Táborský, Zdeněk, Ďuďa, Rudolf (2007) Vihorlatite, Bi₂₄Se₁₇Te₄, a new mineral of the tetradymite group from Vihorlat Mts., Slovakia. European Journal of Mineralogy, 19 (2) 255-265 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2007/0019-1715

Classification of VihorlatiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

2.DC.05

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
D : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 3 :4 and 2:3
C : Variable M:S

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Vih	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of VihorlatiteHide

Lustre:

Metallic

Transparency:

Opaque

Colour:

Steel gray

Streak:

Black

Hardness:

VHN₅₀=49.2 - 91.7 kg/mm² - Vickers

Tenacity:

Flexible

Cleavage:

Perfect
Along (0001)

Density:

8.0(2) g/cm³ (Measured) 7.850(3) g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of VihorlatiteHide

Anisotropism:

Moderate; grey to bluish grey

Bireflectance:

Weak but noticeable in oil and ranging from yellowish white to grey, but not perceptible in air

Reflectivity:

Wavelength	R₁ (%)	R₂ (%)
420nm	50.7%	48.1%
440nm	51.7%	49.2%
460nm	52.8%	49.8%
470nm	52.9%	49.9%
480nm	53.0%	50.0%
500nm	53.6%	50.3%
520nm	54.0%	50.5%
540nm	54.4%	50.5%
546nm	54.5%	50.6%
560nm	54.7%	50.9%
580nm	54.6%	51.0%
589nm	54.6%	51.0%
600nm	54.6%	51.0%
620nm	54.8%	51.2%
640nm	54.8%	51.1%
650nm	54.7%	51.2%
660nm	54.6%	51.2%
680nm	54.6%	51.0%
700nm	54.6%	50.9%

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 54.8%.
R₁ shown in black, R₂ shown in red

Colour in reflected light:

White with a yellowish tint

Internal Reflections:

None

Chemistry of VihorlatiteHide

Mindat Formula:

Bi₂₄Se₁₇Te₄

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
Bi	73.025 %
Se	19.544 %
Te	7.431 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Bi, Se, Te - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of VihorlatiteHide

Crystal System:

Trigonal

Class (H-M):

3m(32/m) - Hexagonal Scalenohedral

Space Group:

P3m1

Setting:

P3m1

Cell Parameters:

a = 4.2797(9) Å, c = 87.01(2) Å

Ratio:

a:c = 1 : 20.331

Unit Cell V:

1,380.15 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Frequently bent and display deformation lamellae in a polished section.

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0007218	Vihorlatite	Skala R, Ondrus P, Veselovky F, Taborsky Z, Duda R (2007) Vihorlatite, Bi24Se17Te4, a new mineral of the tetradymite group from Vihorlat Mts, Slovakia European Journal of Mineralogy 19 255-265		2007	Vihorlat Mountains, eastern Slovakia	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Vihorlatite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Skala R'
'Ondrus P'
'Veselovky F'
'Taborsky Z'
'Duda R'
_journal_name_full 'European Journal of Mineralogy'
_journal_volume 19 
_journal_year 2007
_journal_page_first 255
_journal_page_last 265
_publ_section_title
;
 Vihorlatite, Bi24Se17Te4, a new mineral of the tetradymite group from Vihorlat Mts,
 Slovakia
;
_database_code_amcsd 0007218
_chemical_compound_source 'Vihorlat Mountains, eastern Slovakia'
_chemical_formula_sum '(Se15.3 S1.7) Bi21.68 Te6.32'
_cell_length_a 4.277
_cell_length_b 4.277
_cell_length_c 86.93
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 120
_cell_volume 1377.142
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      7.958
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P -3 m 1'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '-y,-x,z'
  'y,-x+y,-z'
  '-x,-x+y,-z'
  '-x+y,-x,z'
  '-x+y,y,z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
  'y,x,-z'
  '-y,x-y,z'
  'x,x-y,z'
  'x-y,x,-z'
  'x-y,-y,-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
Se1   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000   0.90000   0.02700
S1   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000   0.10000   0.02700
Bi1   0.66667   0.33333   0.02020   0.86000   0.01500
Te1   0.66667   0.33333   0.02020   0.14000   0.01500
Se2   0.33333   0.66667   0.04090   0.90000   0.02700
S2   0.33333   0.66667   0.04090   0.10000   0.02700
Bi2   0.00000   0.00000   0.06600   0.99000   0.01200
Te2   0.00000   0.00000   0.06600   0.01000   0.01200
Bi3   0.66667   0.33333   0.08720   0.99000   0.01200
Te3   0.66667   0.33333   0.08720   0.01000   0.01200
Se3   0.33333   0.66667   0.11210   0.90000   0.02700
S3   0.33333   0.66667   0.11210   0.10000   0.02700
Bi4   0.00000   0.00000   0.13270   0.86000   0.01500
Te4   0.00000   0.00000   0.13270   0.14000   0.01500
Se4   0.66667   0.33333   0.15360   0.90000   0.02700
S4   0.66667   0.33333   0.15360   0.10000   0.02700
Bi5   0.33333   0.66667   0.17370   0.86000   0.01500
Te5   0.33333   0.66667   0.17370   0.14000   0.01500
Te5   0.00000   0.00000   0.19590   1.00000   0.02300
Te6   0.66667   0.33333   0.22750   1.00000   0.02300
Bi6   0.33333   0.66667   0.25020   0.86000   0.01500
Te6   0.33333   0.66667   0.25020   0.14000   0.01500
Se7   0.00000   0.00000   0.27060   0.90000   0.02700
S7   0.00000   0.00000   0.27060   0.10000   0.02700
Bi7   0.66667   0.33333   0.29050   0.86000   0.01500
Te7   0.66667   0.33333   0.29050   0.14000   0.01500
Se8   0.33333   0.66667   0.31100   0.90000   0.02700
S8   0.33333   0.66667   0.31100   0.10000   0.02700
Bi8   0.00000   0.00000   0.33620   0.99000   0.01200
Te8   0.00000   0.00000   0.33620   0.01000   0.01200
Bi9   0.66667   0.33333   0.35770   0.99000   0.01200
Te9   0.66667   0.33333   0.35770   0.01000   0.01200
Se9   0.33333   0.66667   0.38250   0.90000   0.02700
S9   0.33333   0.66667   0.38250   0.10000   0.02700
Bi10   0.00000   0.00000   0.40230   0.86000   0.01500
Te10   0.00000   0.00000   0.40230   0.14000   0.01500
Se10   0.66667   0.33333   0.42360   0.90000   0.02700
S10   0.66667   0.33333   0.42360   0.10000   0.02700
Bi11   0.33333   0.66667   0.44440   0.86000   0.01500
Te11   0.33333   0.66667   0.44440   0.14000   0.01500
Se11   0.00000   0.00000   0.46410   0.90000   0.02700
S11   0.00000   0.00000   0.46410   0.10000   0.02700
Bi12   0.66667   0.33333   0.48950   0.86000   0.01200
Te12   0.66667   0.33333   0.48950   0.14000   0.01200

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
3.116 Å	(100.0)
2.282 Å	(75.5)
4.55 Å	(55.4)
1.934 Å	(42.8)
1.767 Å	(31.5)
2.138 Å	(26.4)
1.4360 Å	(25.6)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
High-? alteration and/or metamorphism
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])

Type Occurrence of VihorlatiteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Quartzite outcrops, Poruba pod Vihorlatom, Michalovce District, Košice Region, Slovakia

General Appearance of Type Material:

Anhedral grains or lamellar crystals 1–2 mm (up to 8 mm)

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

National Museum in Prague, Czech Republic under the catalog number P1N 84444 and the acquisition number P1p 5/89.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Opal	Quartz	Scheelite	Stannite	Telluronevskite
Tetradymite

Reference:

Synonyms of VihorlatiteHide

IMA1988-047

Other Language Names for VihorlatiteHide

Dutch:Vihorlatiet

German:Vihorlatit

Simplified Chinese:维碲硒铋矿

Spanish:Vihorlatita

Relationship of Vihorlatite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Tetradymite Group

Other Members of Tetradymite Group:

Baksanite	Bi₆Te₂S₃	Trig. 3m(32/m) : P3m1
Dulanggouite	Bi₆Te₃	Trig. 3m(32/m) : P3m1
Ehrigite	Bi₈Te₃	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
Hedleyite	Bi₇Te₃	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
Ikunolite	Bi₄S₃	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
Ingodite	Bi₂TeS	Trig.
Joséite-A	Bi₄TeS₂	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
Joséite-B	Bi₄Te₂S	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
Kawazulite	Bi₂Te₂Se	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
Laitakarite	Bi₄(Se,S)₃	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
Paraguanajuatite	Bi₂Se₃	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
Pilsenite	Bi₄Te₃	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
Skippenite	Bi₂TeSe₂	Trig.
Sulphotsumoite	Bi₃Te₂S	Trig. 3m(32/m) : P31m
Tellurantimony	Sb₂Te₃	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
Tellurobismuthite	Bi₂Te₃	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
Telluronevskite	Bi₃TeSe₂	Trig. 3m(32/m) : P3m1
Tetradymite	Bi₂Te₂S	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
Tsumoite	BiTe	Trig. 3m(32/m) : P31m
Zipserite	Bi₅S₄	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

14 photos of Vihorlatite associated with Telluronevskite

Bi₃TeSe₂

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

2.DC.05	Laitakarite	Bi₄(Se,S)₃	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
2.DC.05	Paraguanajuatite	Bi₂Se₃	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
2.DC.05	Telluronevskite	Bi₃TeSe₂	Trig. 3m(32/m) : P3m1
2.DC.05	Hedleyite	Bi₇Te₃	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
2.DC.05	Hitachiite	Pb₅Bi₂Te₂S₆	Trig. 3m : P3m1
2.DC.05	Tellurantimony	Sb₂Te₃	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
2.DC.05	'Joséite'	Bi₄TeS₂	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
2.DC.05	Tellurobismuthite	Bi₂Te₃	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
2.DC.05	Joséite-A	Bi₄TeS₂	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
2.DC.05	Joséite-B	Bi₄Te₂S	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
2.DC.05	Nevskite	Bi(Se,S)	Trig.
2.DC.05	Tetradymite	Bi₂Te₂S	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
2.DC.05	'Protojoséite'	Bi₃(Te,S)₂	Trig.
2.DC.05	Skippenite	Bi₂TeSe₂	Trig.
2.DC.05	Kawazulite	Bi₂Te₂Se	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
2.DC.05	'UM1983-09-S:BiPbTe'	PbBi₃S₂Te
2.DC.05	Pilsenite	Bi₄Te₃	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
2.DC.05	'Sztrókayite'	Bi₃TeS₂
2.DC.05	Baksanite	Bi₆Te₂S₃	Trig. 3m(32/m) : P3m1
2.DC.05	'Joséite-C'	Bi₁₆Te₃S₉
2.DC.05	Tsumoite	BiTe	Trig. 3m(32/m) : P31m
2.DC.05	Ikunolite	Bi₄S₃	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
2.DC.05	Ehrigite	Bi₈Te₃	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
2.DC.05	Ingodite	Bi₂TeS	Trig.
2.DC.05	Sulphotsumoite	Bi₃Te₂S	Trig. 3m(32/m) : P31m
2.DC.15	'Castaingite'	CuMo₂S₅	Hex.

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for VihorlatiteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-7356.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

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Look for Vihorlatite on Mineralien Atlas

Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Mineral Dealers:

Buy from D. Joyce minerals

References for VihorlatiteHide

Reference List:

Localities for VihorlatiteHide

Showing 3 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Hide all sections | Show all sections

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Romania
Maramureș County Târgu Lăpuș ⓘ Răzoare	HÎRTOPANU et al. (2025)

Slovakia (TL)
Košice Region Michalovce District Poruba pod Vihorlatom ⓘ Quartzite outcrops (TL)	Skála et al. (2007) +1 other reference
Sobrance District ⓘ Remetské Hámre	Melnikov et al. (2009)

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Vihorlatite

About VihorlatiteHide

Unique IdentifiersHide

IMA Classification of VihorlatiteHide

Classification of VihorlatiteHide

Mineral SymbolsHide

Physical Properties of VihorlatiteHide

Optical Data of VihorlatiteHide

Chemistry of VihorlatiteHide

Crystallography of VihorlatiteHide

Crystal StructureHide

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Geological EnvironmentHide

Type Occurrence of VihorlatiteHide

Synonyms of VihorlatiteHide

Other Language Names for VihorlatiteHide

Relationship of Vihorlatite to other SpeciesHide

Common AssociatesHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

Other InformationHide

Internet Links for VihorlatiteHide

References for VihorlatiteHide

Localities for VihorlatiteHide

Locality ListHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide