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Kupletskite-(Cs)

A valid IMA mineral species

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Kupletskite-(Cs)

Ilmen Nature Reserve, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia

Kupletskite-(Cs)

Dara-i-Pioz Massif, Districts of Republican Subordination, Tajikistan

Kupletskite-(Cs)

Dara-i-Pioz Massif, Districts of Republican Subordination, Tajikistan

Kupletskite-(Cs)

Ilmen Nature Reserve, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia

Kupletskite-(Cs)

Dara-i-Pioz Massif, Districts of Republican Subordination, Tajikistan

Kupletskite-(Cs)

Dara-i-Pioz Massif, Districts of Republican Subordination, Tajikistan

Kupletskite-(Cs)

Ilmen Nature Reserve, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia

Kupletskite-(Cs)

Dara-i-Pioz Massif, Districts of Republican Subordination, Tajikistan

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About Kupletskite-(Cs)Hide

Formula:

Cs₂NaMn²⁺₇Ti₂[Si₄O₁₂]₂O₂(OH)₄F

Colour:

Golden brown

Lustre:

Dull

Hardness:

Specific Gravity:

3.68

Crystal System:

Triclinic

Member of:

Kupletskite Group > Astrophyllite Supergroup

Name:

Originally named cesium kupletskite in allusion to its composition, being the caesium-dominant analogue of kupletskite. Renamed to kupletskite-(Cs).

Type Locality:

ⓘ Dara-i-Pioz Massif, Districts of Republican Subordination, Tajikistan

Astrophyllite Group.
Kupletskite-Kupletskite-(Cs) Series.
The cesium analogue of kupletskite.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

6853

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:6853:2

Similar NamesHide

Kupletskite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

K₂NaMn₇²⁺Ti₂[Si₄O₁₂]₂O₂(OH)₄F

IMA Classification of Kupletskite-(Cs)Hide

IMA status:

Approved

IMA status notes:

Renamed by the IMA

IMA Formula:

Cs₂NaMn²⁺₇Ti⁴⁺₂(Si₄O₁₂)₂O₂(OH)₄F

First published:

1971

Approval history:

Renamed IMA04-A: From cesium kupletskite to kupletskite-(Cs), Bayliss (2007).

Type description reference:

Efimov, A.F., Dusmatov, V.D., Ganzeev, A.A., Kataeva, Z.T. (1971) Cesium kupletskite, a new mineral. Doklady Acad. Nauk SSSR, 197, 1394{1397 (in Russian).

Classification of Kupletskite-(Cs)Hide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

9.DC.05

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
C : Inosilicates with branched 2-periodic single chains; Si₂O₆ + 2SiO₃ Si₄O₁₂

Dana 8th ed.:

69.1.1.3

69 : INOSILICATES Chains with Side Branches or Loops
1 : Chains with Side Branches or Loops with (P=2, and N=4, 2 branches)

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Kpt-Cs	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of Kupletskite-(Cs)Hide

Lustre:

Dull

Transparency:

Translucent

Colour:

Golden brown

Hardness:

4 on Mohs scale

Hardness:

VHN₁₀₀=186 - Vickers

Cleavage:

Perfect
{001}

Density:

3.68 g/cm³ (Measured) 3.609 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Comment:

Dcalc from from Cámara et al. (2010).

Optical Data of Kupletskite-(Cs)Hide

Type:

Biaxial (+)

Dispersion:

r < v

Optical Extinction:

Z = a; Y ∧ b ≃ 10°.

Pleochroism:

Visible

Comments:

X = yellow-green; Y = yellow to brown; Z = brown.

Chemistry of Kupletskite-(Cs)Hide

Mindat Formula:

Cs₂NaMn²⁺₇Ti₂[Si₄O₁₂]₂O₂(OH)₄F

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
O	32.067 %
Mn	25.693 %
Cs	17.759 %
Si	15.011 %
Ti	6.396 %
Na	1.536 %
F	1.269 %
H	0.269 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Cs, F, H, Mn, Na, O, Si, Ti - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of Kupletskite-(Cs)Hide

Crystal System:

Triclinic

Class (H-M):

1 - Pinacoidal

Space Group:

Cell Parameters:

a = 5.3850(3) Å, b = 11.9350(5) Å, c = 11.7793(6) Å
α = 113.117(1)°, β = 94.614(1)°, γ = 94.578(2)°

Ratio:

a:b:c = 0.451 : 1 : 0.987

Unit Cell V:

688.87 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Comment:

Space groups and cell parameters from Cámara et al. (2010).

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0006310	Kupletskite-(Cs)	Camara F, Sokolova E, Abdu Y, Hawthorne F C (2010) The crystal structures of niobophyllite, kupletskite-(Cs) and Sn-rich astrophyllite: Revisions to the crystal chemistry of the astrophyllite-group minerals The Canadian Mineralogist 48 1-16		2010	Dara-i-Pioz glacier, Tien-Shan mountains, northern Tajikistan	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Kupletskite-(Cs)'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Camara F'
'Sokolova E'
'Abdu Y'
'Hawthorne F C'
_journal_name_full 'The Canadian Mineralogist'
_journal_volume 48 
_journal_year 2010
_journal_page_first 1
_journal_page_last 16
_publ_section_title
;
 The crystal structures of niobophyllite, kupletskite-(Cs) and Sn-rich
 astrophyllite: Revisions to the crystal chemistry of the
 astrophyllite-group minerals
;
_database_code_amcsd 0006310
_chemical_compound_source 'Dara-i-Pioz glacier, Tien-Shan mountains, northern Tajikistan'
_chemical_formula_sum 'Cs1.42 K.36 Ca.35 Pb.06 Na.79 Sr.02 Mn3.74 Li.67 Fe1.98 Zn.5 Mg.11 (Ti1.54 Nb.46) (Si7.92 Al.08) O30.29 F.71 H4.29'
_cell_length_a 5.3850
_cell_length_b 11.9350
_cell_length_c 11.7793
_cell_angle_alpha 113.117
_cell_angle_beta 94.614
_cell_angle_gamma 103.075
_cell_volume 666.002
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      3.612
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P -1'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
CsA1   0.15101   0.29883   0.99834   0.71000   0.02171
KA1   0.15101   0.29883   0.99834   0.06000   0.02171
KA2   0.11230   0.21820   0.99760   0.12000   0.02171
CaA2   0.11230   0.21820   0.99760   0.04000   0.02171
PbA2   0.11230   0.21820   0.99760   0.03000   0.02171
NaA2   0.11230   0.21820   0.99760   0.03000   0.02171
SrA2   0.11230   0.21820   0.99760   0.01000   0.02171
NaB   0.50000   0.00000   0.00000   0.73000   0.01370
CaB   0.50000   0.00000   0.00000   0.27000   0.01370
MnM1   0.84929   0.20464   0.47646   0.84000   0.01001
LiM1   0.84929   0.20464   0.47646   0.16000   0.01001
FeM2   0.27839   0.06637   0.48642   0.58000   0.01114
MnM2   0.27839   0.06637   0.48642   0.38000   0.01114
LiM2   0.27839   0.06637   0.48642   0.04000   0.01114
MnM3   0.42056   0.35069   0.48188   0.65000   0.01106
Fe2+M3   0.42056   0.35069   0.48188   0.18000   0.01106
Fe3+M3   0.42056   0.35069   0.48188   0.07000   0.01106
LiM3   0.42056   0.35069   0.48188   0.10000   0.01106
ZnM4   0.00000   0.50000   0.50000   0.50000   0.01000
FeM4   0.00000   0.50000   0.50000   0.32000   0.01000
MgM4   0.00000   0.50000   0.50000   0.11000   0.01000
LiM4   0.00000   0.50000   0.50000   0.07000   0.01000
TiD   0.07679   0.08356   0.19345   0.77000   0.00853
NbD   0.07679   0.08356   0.19345   0.23000   0.00853
SiT1   0.67902   0.27225   0.23299   0.99000   0.00851
AlT1   0.67902   0.27225   0.23299   0.01000   0.00851
SiT2   0.81517   0.54765   0.25821   0.99000   0.00777
AlT2   0.81517   0.54765   0.25821   0.01000   0.00777
SiT3   0.38069   0.67665   0.26053   0.99000   0.00738
AlT3   0.38069   0.67665   0.26053   0.01000   0.00738
SiT4   0.50596   0.93100   0.23615   0.99000   0.00792
AlT4   0.50596   0.93100   0.23615   0.01000   0.00792
O1   0.72700   0.31830   0.38340   1.00000   0.01190
O2   0.14440   0.15700   0.36580   1.00000   0.01130
O3   0.12710   0.39100   0.59100   1.00000   0.01070
O-h4   0.29680   0.46310   0.39990   1.00000   0.01420
O-h5   0.99140   0.11870   0.59260   1.00000   0.01340
O6   0.55640   0.25650   0.58810   1.00000   0.01010
O7   0.57340   0.01330   0.38730   1.00000   0.01120
O8   0.07570   0.59098   0.20490   1.00000   0.01270
O9   0.25030   0.04240   0.82920   1.00000   0.01830
O10   0.42650   0.41291   0.79553   1.00000   0.01240
O11   0.12690   0.80710   0.83090   1.00000   0.01800
O12   0.26280   0.95490   0.17110   1.00000   0.01830
O13   0.26760   0.60582   0.80379   1.00000   0.01450
O14   0.57270   0.22182   0.80030   1.00000   0.01490
O15   0.38540   0.18970   0.16800   1.00000   0.01760
O-HX   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000   0.29000   0.01920
FX   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000   0.71000   0.01920
H1   0.25100   0.41600   0.30820   1.00000   0.01707
H2   1.02600   0.15900   0.68520   1.00000   0.01613
loop_
_atom_site_aniso_label
_atom_site_aniso_U_11
_atom_site_aniso_U_22
_atom_site_aniso_U_33
_atom_site_aniso_U_12
_atom_site_aniso_U_13
_atom_site_aniso_U_23
CsA1 0.02442 0.02230 0.01744 0.00580 0.00333 0.00796
KA1 0.02442 0.02230 0.01744 0.00580 0.00333 0.00796
KA2 0.02442 0.02230 0.01744 0.00580 0.00333 0.00796
CaA2 0.02442 0.02230 0.01744 0.00580 0.00333 0.00796
PbA2 0.02442 0.02230 0.01744 0.00580 0.00333 0.00796
NaA2 0.02442 0.02230 0.01744 0.00580 0.00333 0.00796
SrA2 0.02442 0.02230 0.01744 0.00580 0.00333 0.00796
NaB 0.02330 0.00920 0.00680 0.00340 0.00180 0.00250
CaB 0.02330 0.00920 0.00680 0.00340 0.00180 0.00250
MnM1 0.01130 0.00890 0.01030 0.00350 0.00273 0.00410
LiM1 0.01130 0.00890 0.01030 0.00350 0.00273 0.00410
FeM2 0.01120 0.01010 0.01300 0.00345 0.00345 0.00530
MnM2 0.01120 0.01010 0.01300 0.00345 0.00345 0.00530
LiM2 0.01120 0.01010 0.01300 0.00345 0.00345 0.00530
MnM3 0.01220 0.01130 0.01310 0.00527 0.00477 0.00710
Fe2+M3 0.01220 0.01130 0.01310 0.00527 0.00477 0.00710
Fe3+M3 0.01220 0.01130 0.01310 0.00527 0.00477 0.00710
LiM3 0.01220 0.01130 0.01310 0.00527 0.00477 0.00710
ZnM4 0.01020 0.00870 0.01210 0.00300 0.00230 0.00520
FeM4 0.01020 0.00870 0.01210 0.00300 0.00230 0.00520
MgM4 0.01020 0.00870 0.01210 0.00300 0.00230 0.00520
LiM4 0.01020 0.00870 0.01210 0.00300 0.00230 0.00520
TiD 0.00550 0.00680 0.01490 0.00232 0.00273 0.00570
NbD 0.00550 0.00680 0.01490 0.00232 0.00273 0.00570
SiT1 0.00920 0.00800 0.00880 0.00230 0.00160 0.00410
AlT1 0.00920 0.00800 0.00880 0.00230 0.00160 0.00410
SiT2 0.00870 0.00610 0.00870 0.00210 0.00170 0.00330
AlT2 0.00870 0.00610 0.00870 0.00210 0.00170 0.00330
SiT3 0.00850 0.00630 0.00790 0.00200 0.00170 0.00350
AlT3 0.00850 0.00630 0.00790 0.00200 0.00170 0.00350
SiT4 0.00930 0.00590 0.00850 0.00160 0.00100 0.00330
AlT4 0.00930 0.00590 0.00850 0.00160 0.00100 0.00330
O1 0.01310 0.01410 0.00850 0.00240 0.00110 0.00560
O2 0.01490 0.01240 0.00560 0.00540 0.00160 0.00220
O3 0.01110 0.00990 0.01090 0.00300 0.00160 0.00410
O-h4 0.01490 0.01400 0.01500 0.00430 0.00380 0.00700
O-h5 0.01490 0.01410 0.01270 0.00490 0.00180 0.00680
O6 0.01130 0.00950 0.00830 0.00230 0.00070 0.00310
O7 0.01240 0.01090 0.00900 0.00350 0.00040 0.00310
O8 0.00990 0.01420 0.01210 0.00120 23.00000 0.00480
O9 0.01620 0.01730 0.01490 -0.00270 0.00570 0.00360
O10 0.01280 0.01300 0.01200 0.00680 0.00130 0.00430
O11 0.02530 0.02340 0.01520 0.01900 0.00880 0.01050
O12 0.02120 0.01530 0.01670 0.01080 -0.00190 0.00300
O13 0.02140 0.00750 0.01400 0.00250 0.00230 0.00500
O14 0.02350 0.00850 0.01270 0.00380 0.00280 0.00500
O15 0.01450 0.02030 0.01420 -0.00450 -0.00060 0.00930
O-HX 0.02360 0.01920 0.01380 0.00620 0.00300 0.00600
FX 0.02360 0.01920 0.01380 0.00620 0.00300 0.00600

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
10.4 Å	(100)
3.54 Å	(80)
2.79 Å	(80)
2.66 Å	(80)
2.58 Å	(60)
1.772 Å	(40)
4.09 Å	(30)

Comments:

Dara-i-Pioz Massif, Tajikistan. The data are from the type description.

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks	>3.0
35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks

Type Occurrence of Kupletskite-(Cs)Hide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Dara-i-Pioz Massif, Districts of Republican Subordination, Tajikistan

General Appearance of Type Material:

Rosettelike intergrowths of curved platy crystals, forming aggregates, to 3 cm.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Mineralogical Museum, St. Petersburg University, St. Petersburg, 16537; A.E. Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 74170.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

At the border of aegirine-microcline-quartz pegmatites and in polylithionite-quartz replacement complexes in pegmatites of an alkaline massif.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Reference:

Efimov, A.F., Dusmatov, V.D., Ganzeev, A.A., Kataeva, Z.T. (1971) Cesium kupletskite, a new mineral. Doklady Acad. Nauk SSSR, 197, 1394{1397 (in Russian).

Synonyms of Kupletskite-(Cs)Hide

Caesium-Kupletskite

Cesium-kupletskite

Other Language Names for Kupletskite-(Cs)Hide

Dutch:Kupletskiet-(Cs)

German:Kupletskit-(Cs)

Russian:Куплетскит-(Cs)

Simplified Chinese:铯锰星叶石

Traditional Chinese:銫錳星葉石

Relationship of Kupletskite-(Cs) to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Kupletskite Group > Astrophyllite Supergroup

Other Members of Kupletskite Group:

Heyerdahlite	Na₂NaMn²⁺₇Ti₂[Si₄O₁₂]₂O₂(OH)₄F(H₂O)₂	Tric. 1 : P1
Kupletskite	K₂NaMn²⁺₇Ti₂[Si₄O₁₂]₂O₂(OH)₄F	Tric. 1 : P1
Laverovite	K₂NaMn²⁺₇Zr₂[Si₄O₁₂]₂O₂(OH)₄F	Tric. 1 : P1
Niobokupletskite	K₂NaMn²⁺₇(NbTi)[Si₄O₁₂]₂O₂(OH)₄O	Tric. 1 : P1

Forms a series with:

Kupletskite

Kupletskite-Kupletskite-(Cs) Series

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

3 photos of Kupletskite-(Cs) associated with Quartz	SiO₂
2 photos of Kupletskite-(Cs) associated with Aegirine	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆
2 photos of Kupletskite-(Cs) associated with Leucosphenite	BaNa₄Ti₂B₂Si₁₀O₃₀
2 photos of Kupletskite-(Cs) associated with Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
1 photo of Kupletskite-(Cs) associated with 'Manganese Oxides'
1 photo of Kupletskite-(Cs) associated with Dusmatovite	K(K◻)Mn²⁺₂Zn₃[Si₁₂O₃₀]
1 photo of Kupletskite-(Cs) associated with Maleevite	BaB₂Si₂O₈
1 photo of Kupletskite-(Cs) associated with Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe²⁺_cMg_d)(Fe³⁺_eAl_fFe²⁺_gMg_h)Si₂O₆
1 photo of Kupletskite-(Cs) associated with Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
1 photo of Kupletskite-(Cs) associated with Polylithionite	KLi₂Al(Si₄O₁₀)(F,OH)₂

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

9.DC.	Bulgakite	Li₂CaFe²⁺₇Ti₂[Si₄O₁₂]₂O₂(OH)₄O(H₂O)₂	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DC.05	Devitoite	Ba₄Ba₂Fe²⁺₇Fe³⁺₂[Si₄O₁₂]₂[PO₄]₂[CO₃]O₂(OH)₄◻₂	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DC.05	Zircophyllite	K₂NaFe²⁺₇Zr₂[Si₄O₁₂]₂O₂(OH)₄F	Tric.
9.DC.05	Nalivkinite	Li₂NaFe²⁺₇Ti₂[Si₄O₁₂]₂O₂(OH)₄F(H₂O)₂	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DC.05	Sveinbergeite	(H₂O)₂[Ca(H₂O)](Fe²⁺₆Fe³⁺)Ti₂[Si₄O₁₂]₂O₂(OH)₄[(OH)(H₂O)]	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DC.05	Niobophyllite	K₂NaFe²⁺₇(NbTi)[Si₄O₁₂]₂O₂(OH)₄O	Tric.
9.DC.05	Heyerdahlite	Na₂NaMn²⁺₇Ti₂[Si₄O₁₂]₂O₂(OH)₄F(H₂O)₂	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DC.05	Tarbagataite	(K◻)CaFe²⁺₇Ti₂[Si₄O₁₂]₂O₂(OH)₄(OH)	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DC.05	Astrophyllite	K₂NaFe²⁺₇Ti₂[Si₄O₁₂]₂O₂(OH)₄F	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DC.05	'Hydroastrophyllite'	[H₃O]⁺₂CaFe²⁺₇Ti₂[Si₄O₁₂]₂O₂(OH)₄O	Tric.
9.DC.05	Lobanovite	K₂Na(Fe²⁺₄Mg₂Na)Ti₂[Si₄O₁₂]₂O₂(OH)₄◻	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.DC.05	Niobokupletskite	K₂NaMn²⁺₇(NbTi)[Si₄O₁₂]₂O₂(OH)₄O	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DC.05	Kupletskite	K₂NaMn²⁺₇Ti₂[Si₄O₁₂]₂O₂(OH)₄F	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DC.05	Laverovite	K₂NaMn²⁺₇Zr₂[Si₄O₁₂]₂O₂(OH)₄F	Tric. 1 : P1

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for Kupletskite-(Cs)Hide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-6853.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

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References for Kupletskite-(Cs)Hide

Reference List:

Efimov, A.F., Dusmatov, V.D., Ganzeev, A.A., Kataeva, Z.T. (1971) Cesium kupletskite, a new mineral. Doklady Acad. Nauk SSSR, 197, 1394{1397 (in Russian).

Fleischer, Michael (1972) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 57 (1-2) 325-329 p.328

(2001) Kupletskite-(Cs). Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Bayliss, P. (2007) Cesium kupletskite renamed kupletskite-(Cs) Mineralogical Magazine, 71 (3) 365-367 doi:10.1180/minmag.2007.071.3.365

Cámara, Fernando; Sokolova, Elena; Abdu, Yassir; Hawthorne, Frank C. (2010) The crystal structures of niobophyllite, kupletskite-(Cs) and Sn-rich astrophyllite: revisions to the crystal chemistry of the astrophyllite-group minerals. The Canadian Mineralogist, 48 (1). 1-16 doi:10.3749/canmin.48.1.1

Zhitova, Elena S.; Zolotarev, Andrey A.; Sheveleva, Rezeda M.; Shendrik, Roman Yu.; Hawthorne, Frank C.; Nuzhdaev, Anton A.; Vlasenko, Natalia S.; Kaneva, Ekaterina V.; Yakovenchuk, Victor N. (2025) Heat-Induced Mn2+ and Fe2+ Oxidation in Heterophyllosilicates: Kupletskite and Kupletskite-(Cs). Minerals, 15 (6). doi:10.3390/min15060587

Localities for Kupletskite-(Cs)Hide

Showing 2 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

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Locality ListHide

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- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Russia
Chelyabinsk Oblast ⓘ Ilmen Nature Reserve	Агаханов А.А. et al. (2015)

Tajikistan (TL)
Districts of Republican Subordination ⓘ Dara-i-Pioz Massif (TL)	Pekov (1998) +2 other references

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Kupletskite-(Cs)

About Kupletskite-(Cs)Hide

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