Chubarovite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Chubarovite
Formula:
KZn2(BO3)Cl2
Colour:
Colorless
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
2
Specific Gravity:
2.68
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Name:
Named in honor of Valery Mikhailovich Chubarov (Валерий Михайлович Чубаров) (b. 1948), Russian mineralogist and physicist at the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. A specialist in electron microprobe analysis, he made great contributions to the mineralogy of Kamchatka, including studies of many minerals from the fumarolic exhalations of the Tolbachik volcano.
This page provides mineralogical data about Chubarovite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
46141
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:46141:0
IMA Classification of Chubarovite
Approved
IMA Formula:
KZn2+2(BO3)Cl2
Approval year:
2014
First published:
2015
Type description reference:
Pekov, Igor V., Zubkova, Natalia V., Pautov, Leonid A., Yapaskurt, Vasiliy O., Chukanov, Nikita V., Lykova, Inna S., Britvin, Sergey N., Sidorov, Evgeny G., Pushcharovsky, Dmitry Yu. (2015) Chubarovite, KZn2(BO3)Cl2, a new mineral species from the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. The Canadian Mineralogist, 53 (2) 273-284 doi:10.3749/canmin.1400080
Classification of Chubarovite
6.AB.
6 : BORATES
A : Monoborates
B : BO3, with additional anions; 1(D) + OH, etc.
6 : BORATES
A : Monoborates
B : BO3, with additional anions; 1(D) + OH, etc.
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Cub | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Chubarovite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Colorless
Streak:
White
Hardness:
2 on Mohs scale
Comment:
Ca 2
Tenacity:
Flexible
Cleavage:
Perfect
on (001) (micalike)
on (001) (micalike)
Density:
2.68 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.716 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Chubarovite
Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 1.541(2) nε = 1.539(2)
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.002
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
None to Very Low
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized uniaxial interference figure - the conoscopic
(convergent-light, Bertrand-lens-in) view, for a grain cut with the optic axis
centred and vertical. The coloured rings are isochromatics, computed with the
same physics as the Michel-Lévy bar above; the dark cross is the isogyre.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
Chemistry of Chubarovite
Mindat Formula:
KZn2(BO3)Cl2
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Chubarovite
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
32 - Trapezohedral
Space Group:
R32
Setting:
R32
Cell Parameters:
a = 4.9431(4) Å, c = 26.346(2) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 5.33
Unit Cell V:
557.50 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
Hexagonal or trigonal lamellar to tabular crystals up to 1.5 mm across and up to 0.5 mm thick, with aggregates and crystal crusts up to 1 cm across. Forms observed: The the pinacoid {001}, and lateral faces are represented by rhombohedra {101}, {102}, {103}, {100}, and {110}; twins of two types are observed.
Twinning:
X-shaped penetration twins on (103); Contact twins with the single composition surface {001}, with the axis [001] and rotation angle 180°.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 8.79 Å | (100) |
| 4.394 Å | (43) |
| 4.225 Å | (25) |
| 4.074 Å | (91) |
| 3.590 Å | (90) |
| 3.324 Å | (30) |
| 2.470 Å | (67) |
| 2.245 Å | (25) |
Reference:
Pekov, Igor V., Zubkova, Natalia V., Pautov, Leonid A., Yapaskurt, Vasiliy O., Chukanov, Nikita V., Lykova, Inna S., Britvin, Sergey N., Sidorov, Evgeny G., Pushcharovsky, Dmitry Yu. (2015) Chubarovite, KZn2(BO3)Cl2, a new mineral species from the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. The Canadian Mineralogist, 53 (2) 273-284 doi:10.3749/canmin.1400080
Comments:
From Type Description.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 45b : [Other oxidized fumarolic minerals] |
Type Occurrence of Chubarovite
General Appearance of Type Material:
As hexagonal or trigonal lamellar to tabular crystals formed by the pinacoidal and rhombohedral faces, sometimes with subordinate prismatic faces.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Type material is deposited in the collections of the Fersman Mineralogical Museum of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, registration number 4541/1
Geological Setting of Type Material:
In sublimates of active fumaroles.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Pekov, Igor V., Zubkova, Natalia V., Pautov, Leonid A., Yapaskurt, Vasiliy O., Chukanov, Nikita V., Lykova, Inna S., Britvin, Sergey N., Sidorov, Evgeny G., Pushcharovsky, Dmitry Yu. (2015) Chubarovite, KZn2(BO3)Cl2, a new mineral species from the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. The Canadian Mineralogist, 53 (2) 273-284 doi:10.3749/canmin.1400080
Synonyms of Chubarovite
Other Language Names for Chubarovite
Dutch:Chubaroviet
German:Chubarovit
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 5 photos of Chubarovite associated with Fluoborite | Mg3(BO3)(F,OH)3 |
| 2 photos of Chubarovite associated with Tenorite | CuO |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 6.AB. | Rhabdoborite-(Mo) | Mg12Mo6+1.33O6(BO3)6F2 |
| 6.AB.05 | Hambergite | Be2(BO3)(OH) |
| 6.AB.10 | Berborite | Be2(BO3)(OH) · H2O |
| 6.AB.15 | Jeremejevite | Al6(BO3)5(F,OH)3 |
| 6.AB.20 | Yuanfuliite | Mg(Fe3+,Al)O(BO3) |
| 6.AB.20 | Warwickite | (Mg,Ti,Fe,Al)2O(BO3) |
| 6.AB.25 | Karlite | (Mg,Al)6.5(BO3)3(OH)4(◻,Cl)0.5 |
| 6.AB.30 | Marinaite | Cu2Fe3+O2(BO3) |
| 6.AB.30 | Savelievaite | Mg2Cr3+O2(BO3) |
| 6.AB.30 | Fredrikssonite | Mg2Mn3+O2(BO3) |
| 6.AB.30 | Vonsenite | Fe2+2Fe3+(BO3)O2 |
| 6.AB.30 | Ludwigite | Mg2Fe3+(BO3)O2 |
| 6.AB.30 | Azoproite | (Mg,Fe2+)2(Fe3+,Ti,Mg)(BO3)O2 |
| 6.AB.30 | Bonaccordite | Ni2Fe3+(BO3)O2 |
| 6.AB.35 | Folvikite | Sb5+Mn3+(Mg,Mn2+)10O8(BO3)4 |
| 6.AB.35 | Pinakiolite | (Mg,Mn2+)2Mn3+(BO3)O2 |
| 6.AB.40 | Takéuchiite | (Mg,Mn2+)2(Mn3+,Fe3+)(BO3)O2 |
| 6.AB.40 | Blatterite | Sb5+3(Mn3+,Fe3+)9(Mn2+,Mg)35(BO3)16O32 |
| 6.AB.40 | Orthopinakiolite | (Mg,Mn2+)2Mn3+(BO3)O2 |
| 6.AB.40 | Chestermanite | Mg2(Fe3+,Mn3+,Al,Sb3+)(BO3)O2 |
| 6.AB.45 | Aluminomagnesiohulsite | (Mg,Fe2+)2(Al,Mg,Sn)(BO3)O2 |
| 6.AB.45 | Hulsite | Fe2+2Fe3+O2(BO3) |
| 6.AB.45 | Magnesiohulsite | Mg2Fe3+O2(BO3) |
| 6.AB.50 | Fluoborite | Mg3(BO3)(F,OH)3 |
| 6.AB.50 | Hydroxylborite | Mg3(BO3)(OH)3 |
| 6.AB.55 | Shabynite | Mg5(BO3)(OH)5(Cl,OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 6.AB.55 | Wightmanite | Mg5(BO3)O(OH)5 · 2H2O |
| 6.AB.60 | Gaudefroyite | Ca4Mn3+2-3(BO3)3(CO3)(O,OH)3 |
| 6.AB.65 | Sakhaite | Ca48Mg16(BO3)32(CO3)16 · 2(H2O,HCl) |
| 6.AB.70 | Harkerite | Ca48Mg16[AlSi4O15(OH)]4(BO3)16(CO3)16 · 2(H2O,HCl) |
| 6.AB.75 | Pertsevite-(F) | Mg2(BO3)(F,OH) |
| 6.AB.75 | Pertsevite-(OH) | Mg2(BO3)(OH) |
| 6.AB.80 | Jacquesdietrichite | Cu2(H2BO3)(OH)3 |
| 6.AB.85 | Rhabdoborite-(V) | Mg12(V5+,Mo6+,W6+)1.5O6{[BO3]6-x[(P,As)O4]xF2-x} (x < 1) |
| 6.AB.85 | Rhabdoborite-(W) | Mg12(W6+,V5+)1.5O6{[BO3]6-x[(P,As)O4]xF2-x} |
| 6.AB.85 | Painite | CaZrAl9(BO3)O15 |
| 6.AB.90 | Mengxianminite | (Ca,Na)2Sn2(Mg,Fe)3Al8[(BO3)(BeO4)O6]2 |
Radioactivity
Radioactivity:
| Element | % Content | Activity (Bq/kg) | Radiation Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Uranium (U) | 0.0000% | 0 | α, β, γ |
| Thorium (Th) | 0.0000% | 0 | α, β, γ |
| Potassium (K) | 13.0513% | 4,046 | β, γ |
For comparison:
- Banana: ~15 Bq per fruit
- Granite: 1,000–3,000 Bq/kg
- EU exemption limit: 10,000 Bq/kg
Note: Risk is shown relative to daily recommended maximum exposure to non-background radiation of 1000 µSv/year. Note that natural background radiation averages around 2400 µSv/year so in reality these risks are probably extremely overstated! With infrequent handling and safe storage natural radioactive minerals do not usually pose much risk.
Interactive Simulator:
Note: The mass selector refers to the mass of radioactive mineral present, not the full specimen, also be aware that the matrix may also be radioactive, possibly more radioactive than this mineral!
Activity: –
| Distance | Dose rate | Risk |
|---|---|---|
| 1 cm | ||
| 10 cm | ||
| 1 m |
The external dose rate (D) from a radioactive mineral is estimated by summing the gamma radiation contributions from its Uranium, Thorium, and Potassium content, disregarding daughter-product which may have a significant effect in some cases (eg 'pitchblende'). This involves multiplying the activity (A, in Bq) of each element by its specific gamma ray constant (Γ), which accounts for its unique gamma emissions. The total unshielded dose at 1 cm is then scaled by the square of the distance (r, in cm) and multiplied by a shielding factor (μshield). This calculation provides a 'worst-case' or 'maximum risk' estimate because it assumes the sample is a point source and entirely neglects any self-shielding where radiation is absorbed within the mineral itself, meaning actual doses will typically be lower. The resulting dose rate (D) is expressed in microsieverts per hour (μSv/h).
D = ((AU × ΓU) + (ATh × ΓTh) + (AK × ΓK)) / r2 × μshield
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Chubarovite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-46141.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Chubarovite
Reference List:
Williams, P. A., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S. J. (2014) New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2014, CNMNC Newsletter No 21. Mineralogical Magazine, 78 (4) 797-804 doi:10.1180/minmag.2014.078.4.03
Pekov, Igor V., Zubkova, Natalia V., Pautov, Leonid A., Yapaskurt, Vasiliy O., Chukanov, Nikita V., Lykova, Inna S., Britvin, Sergey N., Sidorov, Evgeny G., Pushcharovsky, Dmitry Yu. (2015) Chubarovite, KZn2(BO3)Cl2, a new mineral species from the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. The Canadian Mineralogist, 53 (2) 273-284 doi:10.3749/canmin.1400080
Localities for Chubarovite
Showing 3 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Russia | |
| Pekov et al. (2015) |
| Pekov et al. (2015) +1 other reference | |
| Williams et al. (2014) +2 other references |
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Arsenatnaya fumarole, Second scoria cone, Northern Breakthrough, Great Fissure eruption, Tolbachik Volcanic field, Milkovsky District, Kamchatka Krai, Russia